Dohkapuara
Kituyuca
familia ya Kitukano (mashariki)
Kituyuka ni lugha ya familia ya Tukano ya mashariki katika kaskazini-magharibi mwa Amazoni, mfano wa kitabu cha vidokezo vya lazima vya chanzo cha taarifa (evidentiality). Kila kitenzi cha umbo timilifu lazima kibainishe chanzo cha taarifa cha msemaji kwa mojawapo ya viashiria vitano — cha kuona, kisicho cha kuona, cha kuhitimisha, cha kudhaniwa na cha kuripotiwa — hivyo "John alicheza mpira wa miguu" hakitafsiriwi bila kuwasilisha pia JINSI msemaji ajuavyo. Wasemaji takriban 800-1,000 kandokando ya mto Vaupés mpakani mwa Kolombia-Brazili.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kituyuca
Vyanzo
- Barnes, Janet (1984) "Evidentials in the Tuyuca verb" IJAL 50:255-271
- Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2004) Evidentiality (Oxford University Press)
- Stenzel, Kristine (2007) "The semantics of serial verb constructions" Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
- Glottolog: Tuyuca
- Ethnologue: tue
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kitukano (mashariki)
| Maana | Kituyuca | Kiwichita | Kilardil | Xavante | Kilhomi | Kihajong | Kiyuchi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | oko /oko/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | â /ə/ | ཆུ་ /tɕʰu˥/ | pani /pani/ | tse /tse/ |
| Moto | pekãbẽ /pekãbẽ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | uzâ /uˈzə/ | མེ་ /me˥/ | ag /aɡ/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ |
| Jua | muĩpũ /muĩpũ/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | warrka /waɾka/ | bâdâ /bəˈdə/ | ཉི་མ་ /ɲi˥ma˩/ | bela /bela/ | tso /tso/ |
| Mwezi | ñami makʉ̃ /ɲami makɨ̃/ | waːh /waːh/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | aʼamo /aʔaˈmɔ/ | ཟླ་བ་ /dawa˩/ | চান /tʃan/ | shafa /ʃafa/ |
| Nyota | ñokõ /ɲokõ/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | wasi /waˈsi/ | སྐར་མ /karma˥/ | tara /taɾa/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ |
| Usiku | yãbĩ /jãˈbĩ/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | nata /nata/ | mara /maɾa/ | མཚན་མོ /tsʰemːu˥/ | rati /rati/ | pado /pado/ |
| Mvua | oko /oˈko/ | — | — | tã /tã/ | — | mek /mek/ | — |
| Upepo | wĩdõ /wĩˈdõ/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | rowaʼu /ɾɔwaˈʔu/ | — | batas /batas/ | — |
| Udongo | dita /diˈta/ | — | — | tiʼa /tiˈʔa/ | ས /sa˥/ | মাটি /maʈi/ | — |
| Jiwe | ʉ̃tã /ɨ̃tã/ | — | — | ẽne /ɛ̃ˈne/ | རྡོ་ /do˥/ | — | — |
| Mlima | ʉ̃tãgʉ̃ /ɨ̃tãɡɨ̃/ | — | — | ẽtẽ ʼrãihâ /ɛ̃tɛ̃ ʔɾãihə/ | — | — | — |
| Bahari | dia pairibã /ˈdia paiˈɾibã/ | — | — | â poré /ə pɔɾɛ/ | — | — | — |
| Mama | pakó /pakó/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ngama /ŋama/ | dana /daˈna/ | ཨ་མ་ /ʔama˩/ | ma /ma/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ |
| Baba | pakʉ /pakɨ/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | damama /damaˈma/ | ཨ་པ་ /ʔapa˩/ | baba /baba/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ |
| Binti | makó /mãkõ/ | — | — | daʼra sipiʼõ /daʔɾa sipiʔɔ̃/ | — | — | — |
| Mimi | yʉʉ /jɨː/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | ngada /ŋada/ | wa /wa/ | ང /ŋa˩/ | moi /muɪ/ | di /di/ |
| Wewe | mʉʉ /mɨː/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | a /a/ | ཁྱོད /kʰjø˥/ | tui /tuɪ/ | tse /tse/ |
| Sisi | bãrĩ / ʉ̃sã /bãˈɾĩ / ɨ̃ˈsã/ | — /—/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | wa norĩ /wa noɾĩ/ | — /—/ | amra /amra/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ |
| Jina | wamé /wamẽ/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | danhisi /daɲiˈsi/ | མིང /miŋ˩/ | nam /nam/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ |
| Mtu | basokɨ /basokɨ/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | — | aʼuwẽ /aʔuˈwɛ̃/ | — | — | — |
| Kichwa | dupu /duˈpu/ | — | — | daʼrã /daʔɾã/ | — | — | — |
| Jicho | kapea /kapea/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | dato /daˈtɔ/ | མིག་ /mik˥/ | soku /sɔku/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ |
| Sikio | kãbõpero /kãbõˈpeɾo/ | — | — | dapoʼre /dapɔˈʔɾe/ | — | kan /kan/ | — |
| Pua | ẽkẽã /ẽkẽã/ | — | — | danhisiʼre /daɲisiˈʔɾe/ | — | nak /nak/ | — |
| Mdomo | ʉsero /ɨseɾo/ | — | — | dapẽʼẽ /dapɛ̃ˈʔɛ̃/ | — | — | — |
| Jino | upi /uˈpi/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | daʼwa /daˈʔwa/ | སོ /so˥/ | dat /dat/ | kẽ /kẽ/ |
| Ulimi | yẽbẽro /jẽˈbẽɾõ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | danhoto /daɲɔˈtɔ/ | ལྕེ /tɕila˥/ | jiba /dʒiba/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ |
| Mkono | wãmo /wãmo/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | marlda /maɭda/ | danhibʼrada /daɲibʔɾaˈda/ | ལག་པ་ /lakpa˩/ | hat /hat/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ |
| Mguu | dʉpo /dɨpo/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | dapara /dapaˈɾa/ | རྐང་པ /kaŋpa˥/ | theng /ʈʰeŋ/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ |
| Moyo | yeeripũna /jeːɾipũna/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | dasiri /dasiˈɾi/ | སྙིང་ /ɲiŋ˥/ | mon /mon/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ |
| Mfupa | kõã /kõˈã/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | kadma /kadma/ | dahi /daˈhi/ | རུས་པ /ryːpa˥/ | harang /haraŋ/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ |
| Damu | dii /diː/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | kanda /kanda/ | dawapru /dawaˈpɾu/ | ཁྲག /tʰak˥/ | rokto /rɔkto/ | wi /wi/ |
| Kinyesi | kʉ̃dã /kɨ̃dã/ | — | — | danhana /daɲaˈna/ | — | — | — |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | danhimizawi pese zé /daɲimizawi pese zɛ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | yukɨgɨ /jukɨɡɨ/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | wede /weˈde/ | ཤིང་ /ɕiŋ˥/ | gas /ɡas/ | ʼya /ʔja/ |
| Mbwa | diayi /diaji/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | wapsã /wapˈsã/ | ཁྱི་ /kʰi˥/ | kuthura /kutʰuɾa/ | dzene /dzene/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | wai /waˈi/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | yaka /jaka/ | tebe /tebe/ | ན /na˥/ | mas /maːtʃʰ/ | shu /ʃu/ |
| Ndege | bĩdĩbãkʉ̃ /bĩdĩbãˈkɨ̃/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | sire /siˈɾe/ | — | — | — |
| Kipepeo | bõbõrõ /bõˈbõɾõ/ | — | — | piro /piˈɾɔ/ | — | — | — |
| Yai | diye /dije/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | — | siʼaʼre /siʔaˈʔɾe/ | — | dim /dim/ | — |
| Farasi | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | — | — | awaru /awaˈɾu/ | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | wii /wiː/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | ʼri /ʔɾi/ | ཁྱིམ་ /kʰim˥/ | ghor /ɡʱoɾ/ | yufa /jufa/ |
| Maziwa | õpẽko /õpẽˈko/ | — | — | hâiwaʼu /həiwaˈʔu/ | — | dudh /dudʱ/ | — |
| Asali | bũbĩã oko /bũbĩã oko/ | — | — | ropĩ /ɾɔˈpĩ/ | — | — | — |
| Chumvi | móã /mõã/ | — | — | sa /sa/ | ཚྭ་ /tsʰa˥/ | — | — |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mchele | arusu /aˈɾusu/ | — | — | aro /aˈɾɔ/ | — | — | — |
| Chuma | kõbẽ /kõˈbẽ/ | — | — | siʼuwazi /siʔuwaˈzi/ | — | luha /luɦa/ | — |
| Gurudumu | beto /beˈto/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kitabu | paperatuti /paˈpeɾatuti/ | — | — | ĩbaihâ /ĩbaiˈhə/ | — | — | — |
| Kula | yaa /jaː/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | tisa /tiˈsa/ | ཟ་ /sa˩/ | kha /kʰa/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ |
| Kunywa | sĩdĩ /sĩdĩ/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | hâʼrẽ /həˈʔɾɛ̃/ | འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˩/ | kha /kʰa/ | pʼe /pʼe/ |
| Kulala | kãdĩ /kãdĩ/ | — | — | nhono /ɲɔˈnɔ/ | ཉལ་ /ɲal˩/ | ghuma /ɡʱuma/ | — |
| Moja | sika /sika/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | misi /miˈsi/ | གཅིག་ /tɕik˥/ | ek /ek/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ |
| Mbili | pʉ́aro /pɨ́aɾo/ | wic /wits/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | maparane /mapaɾaˈne/ | གཉིས /ɲi˩/ | dui /duɪ/ | nõwe /nõwe/ |
| Tatu | itia /itia/ | taw /taw/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | siʼubdatõ /siʔubdaˈtɔ̃/ | གསུམ /ʰsum˥/ | tin /tin/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ |
| Nne | bapari /bapaɾi/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | — | maparane siʼuiwa /mapaɾane siʔuiwa/ | བཞི /ʃi˩/ | — | — |
| Tano | sikabõhẽyẽ /siˈkabõhẽjẽ/ | — | — | ĩmrotõ /ĩmɾɔˈtɔ̃/ | ལྔ /ʰŋa˥/ | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ |
| Mia | cien /sjen/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས /taɕi˥ tele˩/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | ãñu /ãɲu/ | acs /atss/ | kuba /kuba/ | ĩwẽ /ĩˈwɛ̃/ | ཡག་པོ་ /jakpo˩/ | bhala /bʱala/ | sæle /sæle/ |
| Mpya | bãbã /bãˈbã/ | — | — | ĩté /ĩˈtɛ/ | — | — | — |
| Nyekundu | sõã /sõˈã/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | ĩpré /ĩˈpɾɛ/ | དམར་པོ /mar˥pu˩/ | lal /lal/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ |
| Nyeupe | buti /buˈti/ | — | — | ĩʼa /ĩˈʔa/ | དཀར་པོ /kar˥pu˩/ | dhola /dʱola/ | — |
| Nyeusi | yĩĩ /jĩˈĩ/ | — | — | ĩʼrãdâ /ĩʔɾãˈdə/ | — | — | — |
| Kijani | sɨ̃bẽ /sɨ̃ˈbẽ/ | — | — | ĩʼuzé /ĩʔuˈzɛ/ | — | — | — |
| Buluu | sɨ̃bẽ /sɨ̃ˈbẽ/ | — | — | ĩʼuzé /ĩʔuˈzɛ/ | — | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/9
Fungua ramani shirikishi: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.
Imetengenezwa na Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Mwanzo wa LangMap