Rukiga
Kichiga
Familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, JE Runyakitara)
Kichiga (Rukiga) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kanda ya JE ya kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda (eneo la Kigezi: wilaya za Kabale, Kanungu, Rukiga), yenye wazungumzaji wapatao milioni 2.3. Ni sehemu ya kundi la Runyakitara (pamoja na Kinyankole/Runyankole, Kitooro/Rutoro, Kinyoro/Runyoro), na ina ueleweka wa pamoja wa hali ya juu na lugha nyingine tatu; mara nyingine lugha hizo nne huchukuliwa kama lugha moja (Runyakitara) kwa madhumuni ya elimu na utangazaji. Mfumo wa kawaida wa Kibantu wa ngeli za nomino wenye upatanisho mpana, toni za juu/chini. Watu wa Bakiga, ambao kwa kawaida ni wakulima katika nyanda za juu za Kigezi, huunda jamii kubwa ya kitamaduni na kisiasa ya Uganda. Maandishi ya Kilatini yaliyobuniwa na wamisionari.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kichiga
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, JE Runyakitara)
| Maana | Kichiga | Kinyankole | Kinyoro | Kitooro | Kisoga | Kiganda | Kinyarwanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Moto | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omurro /omuro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Jua | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Mwezi | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Nyota | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyunyuuzi /eɲuɲuːzi/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Usiku | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Mvua | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /endʒura/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Upepo | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | empewo /empewo/ | empewo /empeːwo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Udongo | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | itaaka /itaːka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ettaka /ettaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Jiwe | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Mlima | omusozi /omusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Bahari | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| Mama | nyina /ɲina/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Baba | ishe /iʃe/ | tata /tata/ | isho /iʃo/ | isho /iʃo/ | lata /lata/ | taata /taːta/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| Binti | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuwala /omuwala/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Mimi | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| Wewe | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| Sisi | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | ffe /fːe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Jina | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | ibara /iβara/ | eriina /eriːna/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | izina /izina/ |
| Mtu | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Kichwa | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Jicho | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Sikio | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Pua | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mdomo | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akamwa /akamwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| Jino | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | erino /erino/ | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Ulimi | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Mkono | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | engaro /eŋɡaro/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Mguu | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Moyo | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Mfupa | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| Damu | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Kinyesi | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | empitambi /empitambi/ | amase /amase/ |
| Upendo | kukunda /kukunda/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Mti | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Mbwa | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | kapa /kapa/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | paaka /paːka/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | pusi /pusi/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| Samaki | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | encu /entʃu/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Ndege | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Kipepeo | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | — | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| Yai | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Dubu | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | — | eddubu /edːubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| Farasi | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embarasi /embarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| Nyumba | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Maziwa | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| Asali | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /oβwoki/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Chumvi | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | eviini /eviːni/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | wayini /wajini/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Mchele | omukyeeri /omutʃeːri/ | omukyeeri /omukjeːri/ | — | — | omutyele /omutjele/ | omuceere /omutʃeːre/ | umuceri /umuˈtʃeri/ |
| Chuma | obutare /obutare/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Gurudumu | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| Hariri | riiri /riːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Kitabu | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Kula | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | okulya /okulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Kunywa | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kuβjama/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Moja | rumwe /rumwe/ | emwe /emwe/ | emu /emu/ | emu /emu/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Mbili | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Tatu | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | isatu /iːsatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ssatu /sːatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Nne | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /iːna/ | ina /ina/ | nnya /ɲːa/ | kane /kane/ |
| Tano | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | ttaano /tːaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Mia | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Habari | oraire /oraire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| Asante | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | webale /webale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /weːbale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Nzuri | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| Mpya | ekisya /etʃisja/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | mpya /mpja/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| Nyekundu | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| Nyeupe | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | eru /eːru/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Nyeusi | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| Kijani | kinyaasi /tʃiɲaːsi/ | kibabi /kibabi/ | — | — | — | kiragala /tʃiraɡala/ | icyatsi /iˈtʃaːtsi/ |
| Kompyuta | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| Chai | cayi /tʃaji/ | chai /tʃai/ | — | — | — | caayi /tʃaːji/ | icyayi /itʃaːji/ |
| Sukari | sukari /sukari/ | shukaari /ʃukaːri/ | — | — | — | ssukaali /sːukaːli/ | isukari /isukari/ |
| 99 | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | — | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | kyenda mu mwenda /tʃenda mu mwenda/ | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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