Nlaka'pamuctsin
Kithompson
Salishi
Thompson (Nlaka'pamuctsin, "lugha ya watu wa Nlaka'pamux") ni lugha ya Kisalish ya tawi la Salish ya Bara, inayozungumzwa na watu wa Nlaka'pamux wa mabonde ya Thompson na Fraser kusini mwa British Columbia. Eneo la Nlaka'pamux ni maarufu kwa maumbile ya kijiolojia ya kustaajabisha ya Hells Gate, Hope-Princeton, na Lytton. Thompson huhifadhi sifa za kawaida za kitaipolojia za lugha za Kisalish: mpangilio wa ergative-absolutive wenye ergativity iliyogawanyika, mofolojia changamano ya vitenzi ya polypersonal, konsonanti zilizoglotalishwa, na mfululizo wa konsonanti za nyuma za velar/uvular. Sarufi ya marejeo ya Thompson & Thompson (1992) ndiyo nyaraka kuu za kisasa. Uhuishaji hai wa lugha unaendeshwa kupitia First Nations Language Authority of BC na Nlaka'pamux Tribal Council tangu miaka ya 1990.
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Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kithompson
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Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Salishi
| Maana | Kithompson | Kisquamish | Kinuxalk | Kikwakwala | Kaqchikel | Kiyurok | Páez |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | qʷúʔ /qʷuʔ/ | stáḵw /staqʷ/ | qla /qla/ | ʼwap /ʔwap/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | paaʼ /paːʔ/ | yuʼ /juʔ/ |
| Moto | ʕʷyə́p /ʕʷjəp/ | sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ | niiχʷ /niːχʷ/ | la̱ḵ̕wa̱s /ləqʼʷəs/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | meʼlonok /meʔlonok/ | ipx /ipʲ/ |
| Jua | sk̓ʷák̓ʷest /skʼʷakʼʷest/ | snéḵwem /sneqʷəm/ | snχ /snχ/ | ƛʼisa̱la /tɬʼisəla/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | woygey /wojɡej/ | sek /sek/ |
| Mwezi | máʕxetn /maʕxetn/ | lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ | ƛ̓ukʼ /tɬʼukʼ/ | ʼma̱kwa̱la /ʔməkʷəla/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | wonewsleg /wonewsleɡ/ | aʼte /aʔte/ |
| Nyota | nkʷəkʷúsn̓ /nkʷəkʷusnˀ/ | kwekwtsi7 /kʷəkʷtsiʔ/ | mixmikʼł /mixmikʼɬ/ | t̓ut̓u /tʼutʼu/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | kesʼoh /kesʔoh/ | ãʼ /ãʔ/ |
| Usiku | sitist /sitist/ | nat /nat/ | ʔnƛ̓ /ʔntɬʼ/ | g̱anutł /ɢanutɬ/ | aqʼaʼ /aqʼaʔ/ | nascewen /nastsewen/ | kus /kus/ |
| Mvua | stékɬ /stekɬ/ | — | sʔałwlał /sʔaɬwlaɬ/ | ʼyugwa /ʔjuɡʷa/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | ten /ten/ | nus /nus/ |
| Theluji | swúxwt /swuxʷt/ | máḵa7 /maqaʔ/ | pqʼʷ /pqʷʼ/ | neʼ /neʔ/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | roreer /ɹɔɹiɹ/ | yãdx /jãdʲ/ |
| Upepo | snéw̓t /snewˀt/ | — | — | yola /jola/ | kaqʼiqʼ /kaqʼiqʼ/ | rookw /ɹɔːkʷ/ | wejxa /wexʲa/ |
| Udongo | tmíxw /tmixʷ/ | temíxw /təmixʷ/ | kułulmx /kuɬulmx/ | a̱wiʼnak̕wa̱s /ʔəwiʔnakʷʼəs/ | ulew /uleːw/ | hlkehl /ɬkeɬ/ | kiwe /kiwe/ |
| Jiwe | sxén̓x /sxenˀx/ | smant /smant/ | tʼχt /tʼχt/ | tʼisa̱m /tʼisəm/ | abäj /aˈɓəx/ | haʼaag /haʔaːɣ/ | kwet /kwet/ |
| Mlima | sqʷə́m /sqʷəm/ | smánit /smanit/ | smt /smt/ | na̱ge /nəɡe/ | juyuʼ /xuˈjuʔ/ | — | vxiç wala /βʲits wala/ |
| Mama | skíxzeʔ /skixzeʔ/ | chésha7 /tʃeʃaʔ/ | stan /stan/ | a̱ba̱mp /əbəmp/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kokos /kokos/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | sqáczeʔ /sqatszeʔ/ | smas /smas/ | man /man/ | ump /ʔump/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | nopew /nopew/ | tata /tata/ |
| Mimi | encwe /ʔəntʃwe/ | en /ʔən/ | ʔnc /ʔnts/ | nugwaʼam /nuɡʷaʔam/ | rïn /rɪn/ | nek /nek/ | adx /adʲ/ |
| Wewe | enwi /ʔənwi/ | chexw /tʃəxʷ/ | ʔinu /ʔinu/ | suʼ /suʔ/ | rat /rat/ | keʼl /keʔl/ | idx /idʲ/ |
| Sisi | nemimlh /nəmimɬ/ | numalh /numaɬ/ | łmił /ɬmiɬ/ | nugwaʼnts / nugwaʼnuʼxw /nuɡʷaʔnts / nuɡʷaʔnuʔxʷ/ | röj /rʊx/ | nekah /nekah/ | kweʼsx /kweʔʃ/ |
| Jina | skʷést /skʷest/ | sna /sna/ | skʷacta /skʷatsta/ | dłig̱a̱m /dɮiɢəm/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | ʼerʼwerhł /ʔerʔwerɬ/ | yase /jase/ |
| Jicho | nk̓ʷətƛ̓ustn /nkʼʷətɬʼustn/ | ḵlum̓ /qlumʔ/ | qluqʼs /qluqʼs/ | g̱a̱ʼyag̱a̱s /ɢəʔjaɢəs/ | runaqʼ ruwäch /runaqʼ ruwətʃ/ | lekwsh /lekwʃ/ | yafx /jaɸʲ/ |
| Sikio | ƛ̓én̓i /tɬʼenˀi/ | — | tanksta /tanksta/ | pʼa̱spʼa̱ʼyu /pʼəspʼəʔju/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | chpegarʼ /tʃpeɣeʔɹ/ | thũʼwẽ /tʰũʔwẽ/ |
| Pua | sp̓saq̓s /spʼsaqʼs/ | — | maaχsa /maːχsa/ | xa̱ndzas /xəndzas/ | tzaʼn /tsaʔn/ | ʼner-pʼernʼ /ʔnɚpʼɚʔn/ | ĩç /ĩts/ |
| Mdomo | spléwcin /splewtsin/ | — | cucn /tsutsn/ | sa̱ms /səms/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | ʼne-luehl /ʔneluɬ/ | yuwe /juwe/ |
| Jino | xyexw /χjeχʷ/ | yenis /jənis/ | ʔica /ʔitsa/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ey /ej/ | rpelh /rpeɬ/ | kiʼth /kiʔtʰ/ |
| Ulimi | teleʼ /təɬeʔ/ | alhthal /aɬθaɬ/ | tica /titsa/ | k̓a̱la̱m /kʼələm/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | ipl /ipɬ/ | thune /tʰune/ |
| Mkono | kéyx /kejx/ | chálash /tʃalaʃ/ | suxa /suxa/ | aʼyaʼsu /aʔjaʔsu/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | mehl /mehl/ | kuse /kuse/ |
| Mguu | sqwaxt /sqʷaxt/ | — | ʼixa /ʔixa/ | gugwa̱ʼyu /ɡuɡʷəʔju/ | aqän /aqən/ | mechkah /metʃkah/ | čida /tʃida/ |
| Moyo | sxʷákʷukʷ /sxʷakʷukʷ/ | stúlich /stulitʃ/ | skcułk /sktsuɬk/ | noḵeʼ /nɔqeʔ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | skoʼol /skoʔol/ | ũus /ũːs/ |
| Mfupa | qʼwəqʼwul /qʼʷəqʼʷuʎ/ | shaw7 /ʃawʔ/ | cap /tsap/ | x̱aḵ /χaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | werhlkerr /wɚɬkɚ/ | dxiʼth /dʲiʔtʰ/ |
| Damu | peteleʼ /pətəleʔ/ | sthathin /sθaθin/ | six /six/ | a̱lkwa /əlkʷa/ | kïkʼ /kɪkʼ/ | pekoyek /pekojek/ | ee /eː/ |
| Kinyesi | paʕ̓ /paʕˀ/ | — | — | — | — | mol /mɔl/ | — |
| Upendo | xámeʔs /χameʔs/ | néxwsa /nexʷsa/ | — /—/ | ʼya̱x̱is /ʔjəχis/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | choʼomi /tʃoʔomi/ | peeygãh /peːjɡãh/ |
| Mti | sɣép /sɣep/ | stsékʼas /stsekʼas/ | stn /stn/ | ḵ̕wax̱ /qʼʷaχ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | kʼepoy /kʼepoj/ | fxtũu tasx /ɸʲtũː taʃ/ |
| Mbwa | sqáxa /sqaχa/ | sḵwemáy̓ /sqʷəmajʔ/ | wacʼ /watsʼ/ | ʼwat̕si /ʔwatsʼi/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | chishʼah /tʃiʃʔah/ | alku /alku/ |
| Paka | púsh /puʃ/ | pus /pus/ | — /—/ | busi /busi/ | mes /mes/ | putuy /putuj/ | misx /miʃ/ |
| Samaki | sqyetn /sqjetn̩/ | stsʼúḵwi7 /stsʼuqʷiʔ/ | smłk /smɬk/ | mē /meː/ | kar /kar/ | nepewiS /nepewiʃ/ | wedx /wedʲ/ |
| Ndege | spz̓úz̓uʔ /spzˀuzˀuʔ/ | — | ciccipii /tsitstsipiː/ | pʼipʼaƛʼumas /pʼipʼatɬʼumas/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | chʼueʼchʼeesh /tʃʼuʔtʃʼiʃ/ | vxiçxakwe /βʲitʃakwe/ |
| Kipepeo | nkíkax̣n̓i /nkikaχnˀi/ | — | mamayu /mamaju/ | ha̱mumu /həmumu/ | palamax /palamaʃ/ | ʼwerrpʼ /ʔwɚːpʼ/ | çmehme /tsmehme/ |
| Yai | heʔúšeʔ /heʔuʃeʔ/ | — | qpʼa /qpʼa/ | tsʼigwa̱nu /tsʼiɡʷənu/ | saqmoloʼ /saqmoloʔ/ | ʼweryhl /ʔwɚjɬ/ | ziç /tsits/ |
| Dubu | spéʔec /speʔets/ | míx̱alh /miχaɬ/ | ƛ̓a /tɬʼa/ | — | oso /ˈoso/ | chyerʼerʼy /tʃjɚʔɚʔj/ | eʼsxavy /eʔʃaβʲ/ |
| Farasi | k̓əɬc̓esqáx̣aʔ /kʼəɬtsʼesqaχaʔ/ | — | ałχapaliikʷ /aɬχapaliːkʷ/ | guʼdan /ɡuʔdan/ | kej /kex/ | muelah /mulah/ | jiba /hiba/ |
| Nyumba | citxw /tsitxʷ/ | lámʼ /lamʔ/ | suł /suɬ/ | g̱ukw /ɡukʷ/ | jay /xaj/ | kerwer /kerwer/ | yat /jat/ |
| Maziwa | míl̓k /milˀk/ | — | — | ma̱lk /məlk/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | newon /newɔn/ | leçxi /letʃi/ |
| Asali | ƛ̓əxtmin /tɬʼəxtmin/ | — | — | — | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | repchem /reptʃem/ | çxhiʼdx mil /tʃʰiʔdʲ mil/ |
| Chumvi | c̓ált /tsʼalt/ | tlʼálhem /tɬʼaɬəm/ | stʼs /stʼs/ | da̱msxi /dəmsxi/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | peeshkah /piʃkah/ | nega /neɡa/ |
| Chuma | ʔík̓mn /ʔikʼmn/ | — | — /—/ | dza̱xʼa̱n /dzəxʔən/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | pegemeepʼ /peɣemipʼ/ | çam /tsam/ |
| Kitabu | spáqʷ /spaqʷ/ | — | ałqʷuł /aɬqʷuɬ/ | bukw /bukʷ/ | wuj /wux/ | — | libru /libɾu/ |
| Kula | ʔíqs /ʔiqs/ | i7iyím /iʔijim/ | ʔałps /ʔaɬps/ | ha̱ʼma̱p /həʔməp/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | kepoyi /kepoji/ | ũʼ /ũʔ/ |
| Kunywa | ʔúqʷeʔ /ʔuqʷeʔ/ | qʼemél7chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ | qaaχla /qaːχla/ | naḵa /naqa/ | kumun /kumun/ | kewolepi /kewolepi/ | tudx /tudʲ/ |
| Kulala | ʕʷóy̓t /ʕʷojˀt/ | — | cituma /tsituma/ | mix̱a̱la /miχəla/ | war /war/ | chkeyekʼ /tʃkejekʼ/ | dee /deː/ |
| Moja | péyeʔ /pejeʔ/ | nchʼa7 /ntʃʼaʔ/ | maw /maw/ | ʼna̱m /ʔnəm/ | jun /xun/ | kohchew /kohtʃew/ | teeçx /teːtʃ/ |
| Mbili | séye /seje/ | án7us /ˈʔanʔus/ | łnuus /ɬnuːs/ | maʼł /maʔɬ/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | naʼamoyʼ /naʔamoj/ | eʼz /eʔts/ |
| Tatu | keʔɬés /keʔɬes/ | chánat /tʃanat/ | ʔasmuus /ʔasmuːs/ | yudux /judux/ | oxiʼ /oʃiʔ/ | nahkseʼn /nahkseʔn/ | tekh /tekʰ/ |
| Nne | mús /mus/ | x̱a7útsen /χaʔutsən/ | muus /muːs/ | mu /mu/ | kajiʼ /kaxiʔ/ | choʼoneʼn /tʃoʔoneʔn/ | pahz /paʰts/ |
| Tano | cíykst /tsijkst/ | tsíyichis /tsijitʃis/ | cʼixʷ /tsʼixʷ/ | sa̱kʼa /səkʼa/ | woʼoʼ /woʔoʔ/ | meruh /meruh/ | tahç /taʰts/ |
| Mia | x̣əcpq̓íqn̓kst /χətspqʼiqnˀkst/ | — | — /—/ | lakʼa̱nd /lakʼənd/ | wokʼal /wokʼal/ | — | cien /sjen/ |
| Habari | weytk /wejtk/ | chen kwenmántumi /tʃen kʷenmantumi/ | — /—/ | yo /jo/ | utz iwäch /uts iwətʃ/ | aiy-yue-kwee /aj-juːkweː/ | mañi /maɲi/ |
| Asante | kʷukʷscémxʷ /kʷukʷstsemxʷ/ | huy chexw a /huj tʃexʷ a/ | — /—/ | g̱ilakasʼla /ɢilakasʔla/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | wokhlew /wokʰlew/ | pay /paj/ |
| Nzuri | y̓é /jˀe/ | éy /ej/ | ya /ja/ | ek /ek/ | ütz /ʊts/ | skuyahl /skujahl/ | ew /ew/ |
| Mpya | cíyci /tsijtsi/ | — | ciχ /tsiχ/ | alumas /alumas/ | kʼakʼaʼ /kʼakʼaʔ/ | chaʼanar /tʃaʔanaɹ/ | uʼse /uʔse/ |
| Nyekundu | cíqʷ /tsiqʷ/ | kʷəlqʷ /kʷəlqʷ/ | mukʷ /mukʷ/ | ƛ̕aq̓wa /tɬʼaqʼʷa/ | käq /kəq/ | pekwoh /pekwoh/ | beh /beh/ |
| Nyeupe | píq /piq/ | pʼeḵʼ /pʼəqʼ/ | cʼχʷ /tsʼχʷ/ | ʼma̱la /mˀəla/ | säq /səq/ | muenchey /muntʃej/ | çxihme /tʃihme/ |
| Nyeusi | hestə́ptəpt /hestəptəpt/ | ḵʼex̱ ḵʼíx̱ /qʼəχ qʼiχ/ | skʼx /skʼx/ | tsʼuła /tsʼuɬa/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | loʼogey /loʔoɣej/ | khũçx /kʰũtʃ/ |
| Buluu | ʔesqʷəzqʷəzt /ʔesqʷəzqʷəzt/ | skwáyel /skʷajəl/ | qʷit /qʷit/ | dzasa /dzasa/ | räx /rəʃ/ | skoyon /skojon/ | çẽy /tsẽj/ |
| Kahawa | kápi /kapi/ | kapí /kapi/ | kupi /kupi/ | gobi /ɡobi/ | kape /kape/ | kopeen /kɔpin/ | — |
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