𒁹𒋾𒈠𒋾
Elamite
Language isolate (Elamite) · historical / hidden variety
Elamite is a language isolate of ancient Elam in southwestern Iran (modern Khuzestan and Fars), spoken from at least the 3rd millennium BCE until c. 6th century BCE — and used as one of three administrative languages of the Achaemenid Empire (with Old Persian and Akkadian) until the 4th century BCE. Three distinct script traditions: Proto-Elamite (~3100 BCE, still undeciphered, the oldest writing of Iran), Linear Elamite (~2200 BCE, partially deciphered in the 2020s by Desset, Vidale et al.), and the Akkadian-style Elamite cuneiform used most extensively, including in the Persepolis Fortification archive of ~30,000 administrative tablets and the trilingual Behistun Inscription of Darius I.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Elamite
Sources
- Stolper (2004) Elamite (in Woodard, Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ancient Languages)
- Khačikjan (1998) The Elamite Language
- Glottolog: elam1244
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Language isolate (Elamite)
| Meaning | Elamite | Hurrian | Old Persian | Karachay-Balkar | Hittite | Yaeyama | Sumerian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 𒄭 /hi/ | 𒅆𒂊 /ʃie/ | 𐎠𐎱 /aːpi/ | суу /suw/ | 𒉿𒀀𒋻 /waːtar/ | 水 /midzɨ/ | 𒀀 /a/ |
| Fire | 𒉺𒅈 /par/ | 𒋫𒌅 /tatu/ | 𐎠𐎫𐎼 /aːtar/ | от /ot/ | 𒉺𒄴𒄯 /paxːur/ | 火 /pɨː/ | 𒉈 /izi/ |
| Sun | 𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅 /nahhunte/ | 𒅆𒈨𒄀 /ʃimeɡi/ | 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎼 /huwar/ | кюн /kyn/ | — /—/ | てぃだ /tida/ | 𒌓 /utu/ |
| Moon | — /—/ | 𒆪𒋢𒄴 /kuʃuh/ | 𐎶𐎠𐏃 /maːha/ | ай /aj/ | 𒀀𒅈𒈠 /arma/ | 月 /tsɨkɨ/ | 𒌗 /itud/ |
| Star | 𒀯 /mul/ | 𒀯𒄭 /mulhi/ | 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎼 /staːra/ | жулдуз /ʒulˈduz/ | 𒄩𒀸𒋼𒅕𒍝 /xasterts/ | ぷし /puɕi/ | 𒀯 /mul/ |
| Night | 𒅆𒌓𒈠𒈾 /ʃiutmana/ | — /—/ | 𐎧𐏁𐎱 /xʃapa/ | кече /ketʃe/ | 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 /ispants/ | ゆる /juɾu/ | 𒈪 /ŋi/ |
| Earth | 𒈬𒊒𒌦 /murun/ | — | 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡 /buːmi/ | топракъ /topraq/ | 𒋼𒂊𒅗𒀭 /teːkan/ | んた /nta/ | 𒆠 /ki/ |
| Mother | 𒀀𒈠 /amma/ | 𒂊𒈾 /ena/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 /maːtar/ | ана /ana/ | 𒀭𒈾 /anːa/ | あっぱ /appa/ | 𒂼 /ama/ |
| Father | 𒀜𒋫 /atta/ | 𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿 /attai/ | 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 /pitaː/ | ата /ata/ | 𒀜𒋫 /atːa/ | あっちゃ /attʃa/ | 𒀊𒁀 /abːa/ |
| Daughter | 𒉺𒀝 /pak/ | 𒊭𒀀𒆷 /ʃaːla/ | — | къыз /qɯz/ | — | — | 𒌉𒊩 /dumu munus/ |
| I | 𒌋 /u/ | 𒅖𒋼 /iʃte/ | 𐎠𐎭𐎶 /adam/ | мен /men/ | 𒌑𒊌 /uːk/ | ばぬ /banu/ | 𒂷 /ŋe/ |
| You | 𒉡 /nu/ | 𒉿 /we/ | 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 /tuvam/ | сен /sen/ | 𒍣𒅅 /tsik/ | わー /waː/ | 𒍝𒂊 /zae/ |
| We | 𒉌𒅗 /nika/ | — /—/ | 𐎺𐎹𐎶 /vajam/ | биз /biz/ | 𒌑𒂊𒌍 /weːs/ | ばんだ /banda/ | 𒈨𒂗𒉈𒂗 /menden/ |
| Name | 𒄭𒅖 /hiʃ/ | 𒋾𒊺 /tiʒe/ | 𐎴𐎠𐎶 /naːma/ | ат /at/ | 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 /laːman/ | なー /naː/ | 𒈬 /mu/ |
| Eye | 𒌅𒆠 /tukːi/ | 𒁍𒊑 /furi/ | 𐏂𐏁𐎶𐎴 /tʃaʃman/ | кёз /køz/ | 𒊭𒆪𒉿 /sakuwa/ | 目 /miː/ | 𒅆 /iɡi/ |
| Ear | 𒋛𒊑 /siri/ | 𒉡𒄿 / 𒉡𒄭 /nuːi / nuɣi/ | 𐎥𐎢𐏁 /ɡauʃa/ | къулакъ /qulaq/ | 𒅖𒋫𒈠𒀭 /istaman/ | 耳 /mimi/ | 𒄑𒌆 /ŋeʃtuɡ/ |
| Tooth | 𒋛𒄩 /siha/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | тиш /tiʃ/ | 𒅗𒀀𒂵 /kaːɡa/ | ぱー /paː/ | 𒍪 /zu/ |
| Tongue | 𒋾𒌓 /tit/ | — /—/ | 𐏃𐏀𐎠𐎴𐎶 /hizaːnam/ | тил /til/ | 𒆷𒀀𒆷 /laːla/ | すぃた /sɨta/ | 𒅴 /eme/ |
| Hand | 𒆪𒋗 /kuʃu/ | 𒋗𒉌 /ʃuni/ | 𐎭𐎿𐎫 /dasta/ | къол /qol/ | 𒆠𒅖𒊭𒅈 /kesːar/ | 手 /tiː/ | 𒋗 /ʃu/ |
| Foot | 𒉺𒀜 /pat/ | 𒌋𒊑 /uri/ | 𐎱𐎠𐎭 /paːda/ | аякъ /ajaq/ | 𒉺𒋫 /pata/ | ぱん /paɴ/ | 𒄊 /ŋiri/ |
| Heart | 𒌋𒄭 /ulhi/ | 𒋾𒊭 /tiʃa/ | 𐏀𐎼𐎭 /zard/ | джюрек /dʒyrek/ | 𒆠𒅕 /ker/ | 肝 /kɨmu/ | 𒊮 /ʃa/ |
| Bone | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | сюек /syjek/ | 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿 /xastaːi/ | 骨 /puni/ | 𒄊𒉻𒁺 /ŋiripadra/ |
| Blood | 𒊓𒀭 /san/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | къан /qan/ | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 /eːsxar/ | つぃ /tsɨ/ | 𒁁 /uʃ/ |
| Love | 𒇷𒅗 /lik/ | 𒋫𒁺 /tadu/ | 𐎳𐎼𐎡𐎹 /frija/ | сюймеклик /syjmeklik/ | 𒀀𒀸𒅆𒅀𒋻 /aːsːijatar/ | 情き /nasaki/ | 𒆠𒀀𒄀 /kiaŋ/ |
| Tree | 𒄷𒌅𒆪 /hutk/ | 𒋫𒁉 /tappi/ | — /—/ | терек /terek/ | 𒋫𒊒 /taru/ | 木 /kiː/ | 𒄑 /ŋeʃ/ |
| Dog | 𒆪𒌅 /kut/ | 𒅕𒈠 /irma/ | 𐎿𐎱𐎣 /spaka/ | ит /it/ | 𒆪𒉿𒀭 /kuwan/ | 犬 /iɴ/ | 𒌨 /ur/ |
| Cat | 𒋾𒅗𒊏 /tiɡra/ | 𒊭𒉿𒍣 /ʃawazi/ | — /—/ | киштик /kiʃtik/ | — /—/ | 猫 /majaː/ | 𒌓𒊬 /ʃatur/ |
| Fish | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | чабакъ /tʃɑˈbɑq/ | — /—/ | いずぃ /idzɨ/ | 𒄩 /kuʔa/ |
| House | 𒄩𒀠 /hal/ | 𒅁𒊑 /ipri/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 /maːnija/ | юй /yj/ | 𒂍 /peːr/ | 家 /jaː/ | 𒂍 /e/ |
| Eat | 𒄩𒊭 /haʃ/ | 𒄠 /am/ | 𐎧𐎼 /xar/ | ашаргъа /aʃarʁa/ | 𒂊𒄑𒍝𒊍𒍣 /eːtsːatsːi/ | 食い /ɸai/ | 𒅥 /ɡu/ |
| Drink | 𒉡 /nu/ | 𒈾𒄴𒉿 /nahw/ | 𐎱𐎠 /paː/ | ичерге /itʃerɡe/ | 𒂊𒆪𒍣 /ekutsi/ | 飲み /numi/ | 𒅘 /naŋ/ |
| One | 𒆠𒅕 /kir/ | 𒊭 /ʃa/ | 𐎠𐎡𐎺 /aiwa/ | бир /bir/ | 𒀸 /as/ | 一つ /pi̥tiːdzɨ/ | 𒀸 /diʃ/ |
| Two | 𒈫 /min/ | 𒅆𒉌 /ʃini/ | 𐎯𐎢𐎺 /duva/ | эки /eˈki/ | — /—/ | ふたーち /ɸutaːtɕi/ | 𒈫 /min/ |
| Three | 𒍣𒋾 /ziti/ | 𒆠𒅆 /kiɡ/ | 𐎨𐎡𐏂 /θraja/ | юч /ytʃ/ | 𒋼𒊑 /teri/ | みーち /miːtɕi/ | 𒐈 /eʃ/ |
| Hello | 𒅆𒅋𒄩 /ʃilha/ | 𒄭𒇻 /hilːu/ | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | — /—/ | くよーなーら /kujoːnaːɾa/ | 𒁲 /silim/ |
| Thank you | 𒇷𒄩𒊑 /lihari/ | 𒀀𒅆 /aʃi/ | — /—/ | сау бол /saw bol/ | — /—/ | みーふぁいゆー /miːɸaijuː/ | — /—/ |
| Good | 𒊒𒄷 /ruːhuː/ | 𒀀𒍣 /atsi/ | 𐎴𐎡𐎲 /naiba/ | иги /iɡi/ | 𒀸𒋗 /asːu/ | かいしゃーん /kaiʃaːɴ/ | 𒊩𒌆 /siɡ/ |
| Red | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | къызыл /qɯˈzɯl/ | 𒈪𒄿𒋾𒅖 /miːtis/ | あかさーん /akasaːɴ/ | 𒋛𒀀 /siɡa/ |
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