بُروشَسکی
Burushaski
Language isolate
Burushaski is a language isolate spoken in the Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin valleys of the Karakoram mountains in northern Pakistan. Despite over a century of comparative work attempting to link it with Caucasian, Yeniseian, or Indo-European, no convincing genetic relations have been established. Burushaski has four noun classes (human male, human female, countable non-human, mass) and an extraordinarily rich verb-prefix pronominal system, plus retroflex consonants from areal contact.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Burushaski
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Language isolate
| Meaning | Burushaski | Wichita | Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh | Babuza | Luwian | Kavalan | Pilagá |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ċhil /tsʰil/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | umoʼ /umoʔ/ | zalum /zalum/ | wār /waːr/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | noʁop /noʁop/ |
| Fire | phu /pʰu/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | apui /aˈpui/ | chau /tʃau/ | pāḫur /ˈpaːxur/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | doleʔ /doleʔ/ |
| Sun | sa /sa/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | batŭh andu /batəh andu/ | — /—/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | siban /siˈban/ | kʔatena /kʔatena/ |
| Moon | halánċ /haˈlants/ | waːh /waːh/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | zilias /siliəs/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | buran /buˈran/ | ʔawoʁoik /ʔawoʁoik/ |
| Star | asií /asiˈi/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | bintŭʼ /bintəʔ/ | botto /botːo/ | — /—/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | waqtʃiɲi /waqtʃiɲi/ |
| Night | thap /tʰap/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | bengaru /bəŋaru/ | bini /bini/ | — /—/ | qabi /ʁabiʔ/ | piʔjaq /piʔjaq/ |
| Rain | harált /haˈralt/ | — | — | oetas /utas/ | — | uzan /uˈzan/ | wetep /wetep/ |
| Snow | ge /ɡe/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | — | — | — | suRna /suʁna/ | loɲi /loɲi/ |
| Wind | hawáa /haˈwaː/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | barri /barːi/ | — | bari /baˈri/ | lajat /lajat/ |
| Earth | tik /tik/ | — | tanaʼ /tanaʔ/ | ta /ta/ | tiyamma- /tijamma/ | melanay /məɾaˈnaj/ | ʔalewa /ʔalewa/ |
| Stone | dan /dan/ | — | batu /baˈtu/ | bato /bato/ | assu- /ˈasːu/ | btu /btu/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ |
| Mountain | ćhiṣ /tɕʰiʂ/ | — | — | sjach /ʃatʃ/ | watti- /ˈwatːi/ | naung /nauŋ/ | qasoʁonaʁa /qasoʁonaʁa/ |
| Sea | — /—/ | — | — | abas /abas/ | — | lazing /laziŋ/ | waʁai /waʁai/ |
| Mother | -mi /mi/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | andŭ /andə/ | nai /nai/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | tina /ˈtina/ | latʔe /latʔe/ |
| Father | táti /ˈtati/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | amang /amaŋ/ | tama /tama/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | tama /ˈtama/ | letʔa /letʔa/ |
| Daughter | -i /i/ | — | — | — | duttariyati- /ˈdutːarijati/ | — | lekʔoqte /lekʔoqte/ |
| I | je /dʑe/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | aku /aku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | aiku /aiku/ | hajim /hajim/ |
| You | un /un/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | amuʼ /amuʔ/ | ijo /ijo/ | tu /tu/ | aisu /aisu/ | ʔam /ʔam/ |
| We | mi /mi/ | — /—/ | ami /ami/ | totto / namo /toto / namo/ | anzāš /ˈantsaːs/ | aita / aimi /aita / aimi/ | qoʔmi /qoʔmi/ |
| Name | ik /ik/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | ganan /ɡanan/ | naan /naːn/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | nangan /naŋan/ | lenaʁat /lenaʁat/ |
| Person | sis /sis/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | — | cho /tʃo/ | ziti- /ˈtsiti/ | lazat /lazat/ | sijaʁawa /sijaʁawa/ |
| Head | -yaṭis /jaʈis/ | — | — | oeno /uno/ | ḫarmaḫi- /ˈxarmaxi/ | uru /uʁu/ | laqaik /laqaik/ |
| Eye | -lćin /ltɕin/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | bateh /baˈteh/ | macha /matʃa/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | mata /maˈta/ | lʔaite /lʔaite/ |
| Ear | -ltúmal /ltumal/ | — | kaping /kaˈpiŋ/ | charrina /tʃarːina/ | tummant- /ˈtumːant/ | kayal /kajal/ | leketela /leketela/ |
| Nose | -múpuṣ /mupoʂ/ | — | undung /unduŋ/ | not /not/ | — | unung /unuŋ/ | limik /limik/ |
| Mouth | -qhát /qʰat/ | — | bebaʼ /bəbaʔ/ | ranied /ranied/ | āssa- /ˈaːsːa/ | ngibiR /ŋibiʁ/ | nedegaʁat /nedeɡaʁat/ |
| Tooth | -mé /me/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | jipeu /dʒipeu/ | sien /sien/ | — /—/ | bangraw /baŋʁau/ | lodaite /lodaite/ |
| Tongue | -úmus /umus/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | tacira /tatsira/ | lāli- /ˈlaːli/ | rilam /ʁilam/ | latʃaʁat /latʃaʁat/ |
| Hand | -ríiṅ /ˈriːŋ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | tangan /taŋan/ | rima /rima/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | rima /riˈma/ | lowaq /lowaq/ |
| Foot | -úṭ /uʈ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | — | asiel /asiel/ | pāta- /ˈpaːta/ | zapan /zaˈpan/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ |
| Heart | -s /s/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | sintung /sintuŋ/ | — /—/ | zārt- /tsaːrt/ | anem /aˈnəm/ | likidiaqte /likidiaqte/ |
| Bone | -ltin /ltin/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | turang /turaŋ/ | ot /ot/ | ḫāssa- /ˈxaːsːa/ | tiran /tiʁan/ | pʔinek /pʔinek/ |
| Blood | multan /multan/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | daya /daja/ | taga /taɡa/ | āšḫar- /ˈaːsxar/ | rinang /ʁinaŋ/ | letawoʔ /letawoʔ/ |
| Poop | ġuráṣ /ɣuraʂ/ | — | taki /taki/ | che /tʃe/ | — | tad /tad/ | — /—/ |
| Love | títir /ˈtitir/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | azza- /ˈatsːa/ | — /—/ | noqpita /noqpita/ |
| Tree | tom /tom/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | baron /baron/ | — /—/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | ʔepaq /ʔepaq/ |
| Dog | huk /huk/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | kasung /kasuŋ/ | mado /mado/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | pioq /pioq/ |
| Cat | buś /boɕ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | mitʃa /mitʃa/ |
| Fish | ćhúmo /ˈtɕʰumo/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | ekan /ekan/ | ci /tsi/ | — /—/ | baut /baut/ | nijaq /nijaq/ |
| Bird | balás /baˈlas/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | mampa /mampa/ | — | alam /aˈɬam/ | majoʔ /majoʔ/ |
| Butterfly | hoólalas /ˈhoːlalas/ | — | — | — | — | pulaw /pulaw/ | petooloʁol /peˈtoːloʁol/ |
| Egg | ṭiṅán /ʈiˈŋan/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | — | rini /rini/ | — | tirur /tiʁuʁ/ | lekʔoweʔ /lekʔoweʔ/ |
| Bear | ya /ja/ | — | buhang /buˈhaŋ/ | choma /tʃoma/ | — | tumay /tuˈmai/ | — |
| Horse | haġúr /haˈɣur/ | — | — | — | azzu- /ˈatsːu/ | kebayu /kəbaju/ | pegaq /peɡaq/ |
| House | ha /ha/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | ramin /raˈmin/ | don /don/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ʔemek /ʔemek/ |
| Milk | mamú /mamu/ | — | — | — | — | — | lotʃiʔ /lotʃiʔ/ |
| Honey | mac̣híi /maˈʈʂʰiː/ | — | — | babaor /babaor/ | malli- /ˈmalːi/ | wanu /wanu/ | maʔage liʔi /maʔaɡe liʔi/ |
| Salt | bayú /baˈjuː/ | — | — | sassi /sasi/ | — | zemiyan /zəmijan/ | qaaʔnowa /qaaʔnowa/ |
| Rice | bras /bras/ | — | — | dasso /dasːo/ | — | beRas /bəʁas/ | — |
| Iron | ćhumár /tɕʰumar/ | — | — | dippi /dipːi/ | — | balis /baˈlis/ | — |
| Book | — /—/ | — | — | bido /bido/ | — | sudad /sudad/ | lede /lede/ |
| Eat | ṣi- /ʂi/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | maʼan /maʔan/ | maan /maːn/ | ad- /ad/ | quman /quˈman/ | dekeʔe /dekeʔe/ |
| Drink | min- /min/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | nyihŭp /ɲihəp/ | minum /minum/ | ū- /uː/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | nijom /nijom/ |
| Sleep | gućhá- /ɡuˈtɕʰa/ | — | — | summara /sumːara/ | — | mainep /maiˈnəp/ | dʔotʃi /dʔotʃi/ |
| One | hin /hin/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | indi /indi/ | nata /nata/ | — /—/ | issa /ˈissa/ | ʔoonolek /ʔoonolek/ |
| Two | altó /alˈto/ | wic /wits/ | duɔh /duɔh/ | naroa /naroa/ | — /—/ | zusa /zusa/ | doosolqa /doosolqa/ |
| Three | iskén /isken/ | taw /taw/ | taruh /taːruh/ | torro /torːo/ | tarri- /ˈtarːi/ | turu /tuɾu/ | treesolqa /treesolqa/ |
| Four | wálto /ˈwalto/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | umpat /umpat/ | naspat /naspat/ | māuwa- /ˈmaːuwa/ | spat /spat/ | kwaatrolqa /kwaatrolqa/ |
| Five | ċhundó /tsʰunˈdo/ | — | rimah /riməh/ | nachab /natʃab/ | panta /ˈpanta/ | rima /riˈma/ | — /—/ |
| Hundred | tha /tʰaː/ | — | siratus /siraːtus/ | — | — | Rasibu /ʁasibu/ | sien jʔaʁaik /sien jʔaʁaik/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | śua /ɕuˈa/ | acs /atss/ | paaguh /paːɡuh/ | — /—/ | 𔖢 /ˈwaːsu/ | nngi /nŋi/ | nʔoota /nʔoota/ |
| New | thoṣ /tʰoʂ/ | — | — | bao /bao/ | nāwa- /ˈnaːwa/ | tasu /tasu/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ |
| Red | báardum /ˈbaːrdom/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | bidayak /bidajak/ | makakas /makakas/ | — /—/ | tebari /təbaʀi/ | toomaʁadaik /toomaʁadaik/ |
| White | burúm /burum/ | — | — | mabukkas /mabukas/ | — | busar /busaʀ/ | japagaq /japaɡaq/ |
| Black | matúm /maˈtum/ | — | — | makosum /makosum/ | — | tengen /təŋən/ | leedaʁaik /leedaʁaik/ |
| Green | ṣiqám /ʂiˈqam/ | — | — | — | — | puli /puli/ | dadala /dadala/ |
| Blue | ṣiqám /ʂiˈqam/ | — | — | — | — | puli /puli/ | malaʁadaik /malaʁadaik/ |
| Cuckoo | kápo /ˈkapo/ | — | — | — | — | — | — /—/ |
| Tea | ćái /ˈtɕai/ | — | — | — | — | — | — /—/ |
| Coffee | kofi /kofi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sugar | shakar /ʂakar/ | — | — | — | — | waneng /waˈnəŋ/ | ʔasooka /ʔasooka/ |
Page 1/10
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home