Mamāceqtaw
Menominee
Algonquian (Central)
Sole isolate within Central Algonquian — Menominee diverged early and shares no close sister inside its branch. Notable for its four-vowel system with phonemic length and a complex direct/inverse verb morphology typical of Algonquian.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Menominee
Sources
- Bloomfield, Leonard (1962) The Menomini Language. Yale University Press.
- Bloomfield, Leonard (1975) Menomini Lexicon (ed. Charles Hockett). Milwaukee Public Museum.
- Glottolog: Menominee
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Algonquian (Central)
| Meaning | Menominee | Cree | Plains Cree | Algonquin | Ojibwe | Atikamekw | Munsee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nepāew /nəpaːew/ | ᓂᐱᕀ /nipij/ | ᓂᐱᕀ /nipij/ | nibì /nɪbiː/ | nibi /nibi/ | nipi /nipi/ | mpíi /mbiː/ |
| Fire | eskotēw /eskoteːw/ | ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ | ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ | ishkotè /ɪʃkɔteː/ | ishkode /iʃkode/ | ickote /iʃkote/ | lúhsuw /luhsuw/ |
| Sun | kēsoq /keːsoʔ/ | ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ | ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ | kìzis /kiːzɪs/ | giizis /ɡiːzis/ | pisimw /pisimʷ/ | kíishux /kiːʃux/ |
| Moon | tepāhkēsoq /tepaːhkeːsoʔ/ | ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐏ ᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ | ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐃᐧᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ | tibik-kìzis /tɪbɪkkiːzɪs/ | dibik-giizis /dibik ɡiːzis/ | tipiskaw pisim /tipiskaw pisim/ | nipáhum /nipahum/ |
| Star | anaeq /anæʔ/ | ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /atʃaːhkos/ | ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /acaːhkos/ | anang /aˈnaŋ/ | anang /anaŋ/ | atcakoc /atʃakoʃ/ | alaánkw /alaːŋkʷ/ |
| Night | tepāhkeh /tepaːhkeh/ | ᑎᐱᐢᐠ /tipisk/ | ᑎᐱᐢᐠ /tipisk/ | tibik /tibik/ | dibik /dibik/ | tipisko /tipisko/ | piskeew /piskeːw/ |
| Snow | kōn /koːn/ | ᑰᓇ /koːna/ | ᑰᓇ /koːna/ | kòn /kɔːn/ | goon /ɡoːn/ | kon /kon/ | koon /koːn/ |
| Earth | ahkēw /ahkeːw/ | ᐊᓯᐢᑭᕀ /asiskij/ | ᐊᓯᐢᑭᕀ /asiskij/ | aki /aki/ | aki /aki/ | aski /aski/ | — |
| Stone | aqsan /aʔsan/ | ᐊᓯᓂᕀ /asinij/ | ᐊᓯᓂᕀ /asinij/ | asin /asin/ | asin /aˈsin/ | asini /asini/ | asun /əsən/ |
| Mountain | wacēw /watʃeːw/ | ᐘᒋᕀ /watʃij/ | ᐘᒋᕀ /wacij/ | pikwadin /pikwadin/ | wajiw /wadʒiw/ | matinaw /matinaw/ | — |
| Sea | kaeqcekam /kæʔtʃekam/ | ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒥᕀ /kihtʃikamij/ | ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒥᕀ /kihcikamij/ | kichigam /kitʃiɡam/ | gichigami /ɡitʃiɡami/ | kitcikami /kitʃikami/ | — |
| Mother | nekīah /nekiːah/ | ᓂᑲᐎᕀ /nikaːwij/ | ᓂᑳᐃᐧ /nikaːwij/ | ningà /nɪŋɡaː/ | nimaamaa /nimaːmaː/ | okawi /okawi/ | nkáhees /ŋkaheːs/ |
| Father | nōhnāeh /noːhnaːeh/ | ᓄᐦᑖᐎᕀ /noːhtaːwij/ | ᓅᐦᑖᐃᐧ /noːhtaːwij/ | nòs /nɔːs/ | indede /indede/ | otawi /otawi/ | nóoxw /noːxw/ |
| I | nenah /nɛnah/ | ᓂᔭ /nija/ | ᓂᔭ /nija/ | niin /niːn/ | niin /niːn/ | nir /niɾ/ | nii /niː/ |
| You | kenah /kɛnah/ | ᑭᔭ /kija/ | ᑭᔭ /kija/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | kir /kiɾ/ | kii /kiː/ |
| We | kenaq / nenaq /kɛnaʔ / nɛnaʔ/ | ᑭᔭᓈᓇᐤ / ᓂᔭᓈᐣ /kijaːnaw / nijanaːn/ | ᑭᔭᓈᓇᐤ / ᓂᔭᓈᐣ /kijaːnaw / nijanaːn/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | kirano / ninan /kiɾano / ninan/ | kiilóona / niilóona /kiːloːna / niːloːna/ |
| Name | -esian /ɛsian/ | ᐏᐦᐅᐎᐣ /wiːhowin/ | ᐑᐦᐅᐏᐣ /wiːhowin/ | wiinzowin /wiːnzowin/ | izhinikaazowin /iʒinikaːzowin/ | icinikatewin /iʃinikatewin/ | wiinzuwaakan /wiːnzuwaːkan/ |
| Eye | oskēsek /oskeːsek/ | ᒥᐢᑮᓯᐠ /miskiːsik/ | ᒥᐢᑮᓯᐠ /miskiːsik/ | oshkìnzhig /ɔʃkiːnʒɪɡ/ | oshkiinzhig /oʃkiːnʒiɡ/ | ockicikonan /oʃkiʃikonan/ | wíikšiit /wiːkʃiːt/ |
| Tooth | wēpet /weːpet/ | ᒦᐱᐟ /miːpit/ | ᒦᐱᐟ /miːpit/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wipit /wipit/ | nipit /nipit/ |
| Tongue | tēnaniw /teːnaniw/ | ᒥᑌᔭᓂᕀ /miteːjanij/ | ᒥᑌᔭᓂᕀ /miteːjanij/ | apijan /apidʒan/ | denaniw /denaniw/ | oterininan /oteɾininan/ | wilanew /wilanew/ |
| Hand | onehkeh /onehkeh/ | ᒥᒋᐦᒋᕀ /mitʃihtʃij/ | ᒥᒋᒋᕀ /micicij/ | ninj /nɪndʒ/ | ninij /ninidʒ/ | otcitcinan /otʃitʃinan/ | mléelii /mleːliː/ |
| Foot | osēt /oseːt/ | ᒥᓯᐟ /misit/ | ᒥᓯᐟ /misit/ | ozid /ozid/ | nizid /nizid/ | osit /osit/ | nzíit /nziːt/ |
| Heart | otēh /oteːh/ | ᒥᑌᐦ /miteːh/ | ᒥᑌᐦ /miteːh/ | odè /ɔdeː/ | odeʼ /odeʔ/ | otehinan /otehinan/ | ulehyii /ulehjiː/ |
| Bone | ohkan /ohkan/ | ᒥᐢᑲᐣ /miskan/ | ᒥᐢᑲᐣ /miskan/ | okan /okan/ | okan /okan/ | oskaninan /oskaninan/ | wakan /wakan/ |
| Blood | meskoh /mɛskoh/ | ᒥᐦᑯ /mihko/ | ᒥᐦᑯ /mihko/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miko /miko/ | mokw /mokʷ/ |
| Love | kesāenemāew /kesaːenemaːew/ | ᓵᑭᐦᐃᐍᐏᐣ /saːkihiweːwin/ | ᓵᑭᐦᐃᐍᐃᐧᐣ /saːkihiweːwin/ | sàgiʼà /saːɡiʔaː/ | zaagiʼiwewin /zaːɡiʔiweːwin/ | sakihiwewin /sakihiwewin/ | ahóoluw /ahoːluw/ |
| Tree | metekoh /metekoh/ | ᒥᐢᑎᐠ /mistik/ | ᒥᐢᑎᐠ /mistik/ | mitig /mɪtɪɡ/ | mitig /mitiɡ/ | mictikw /miʃtikʷ/ | hìttuk /hitːuk/ |
| Dog | anēm /aneːm/ | ᐊᑎᒼ /atim/ | ᐊᑎᒼ /atim/ | animosh /anɪmɔʃ/ | animosh /animoʃ/ | atimw /atimʷ/ | mwáakaneew /mwaːkaneːw/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | ᒥᓅᐢ /minoːs/ | ᒥᓅᐢ /minoːs/ | — /—/ | gaazhagens /ɡaːʒaɡens/ | minoc /minoʃ/ | póshiis /poʃiːs/ |
| Fish | namēs /nameːs/ | ᑭᓄᓭᐤ /kinoseːw/ | ᑭᓄᓭᐤ /kinoseːw/ | kikons /kiɡons/ | giigoonh /ɡiːɡõː/ | names /names/ | names /names/ |
| Butterfly | mīmīkwǣw /miːmiːkwæːw/ | ᑲᒫᒪᐠ /kamaːmak/ | ᑲᒫᒪᑯᐢ /kamaːmakos/ | — | memengwaa /memeŋɡwaː/ | kwakwapito /kwakwapito/ | — |
| Bear | awǣhsaeh /awæːhsæh/ | ᒪᐢᑿ /maskwa/ | ᒪᐢᑿ /maskwa/ | makwa /makwa/ | makwa /makwa/ | masko /masko/ | maxkw /maxkʷ/ |
| House | wīkewam /wiːkewam/ | ᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ /waːskahikan/ | ᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ /waːskahikan/ | wàkàigan /waːkaːiɡan/ | wiigiwaam /wiːɡiwaːm/ | mikiwam /mikiwam/ | wíikwam /wiːkwam/ |
| Salt | sēwehtākan /seːwehtaːkan/ | ᓰᐑᐦᑖᑲᐣ /siːwiːhtaːkan/ | ᓰᐑᐦᑖᑲᐣ /siːwiːhtaːkan/ | shìwitàgan /ʃiːwitaːɡan/ | zhiiwitaagan /ʒiːwitaːɡan/ | ciwotakan /ʃiwotakan/ | shíiwang /ʃiːwaŋ/ |
| Rice | manōmaeh /manoːmæh/ | ᐚᐸᔫᒥᐣ /waːpajoːmin/ | ᐚᐸᔫᒥᐣ /waːpajoːmin/ | — | waabi-manoomin /waːbi manoːmin/ | miromin /miɾomin/ | — |
| Book | masēnahekan /maseːnahekan/ | ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ /masinahikan/ | ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ /masinahikan/ | mazinahigan /mazinahiɡan/ | mazinaʼigan /mazinaʔiɡan/ | masinahikan /masinahikan/ | — |
| Eat | mīcew /miːtʃew/ | ᒦᒋᓱᐤ /miːtʃisow/ | ᒨᐍᐤ /moːweːw/ | wìsini /wiːsɪni/ | wiisini /wiːsini/ | mitciso /mitʃiso/ | mit /mit/ |
| Drink | menew /menew/ | ᒥᓂᐦᐠᐌᐤ /minihkweːw/ | ᒥᓂᐦᑴᐤ /minihkweːw/ | minikwe /mɪnɪkwe/ | minikwe /minikwe/ | minikwew /minikwew/ | mneew /mneew/ |
| Sleep | nepāw /nepaːw/ | ᓂᐹᐤ /nipaːw/ | ᓂᐹᐤ /nipaːw/ | nibà /nibaː/ | nibaa /nibaː/ | nipaw /nipaw/ | — |
| One | nekot /nekot/ | ᐯᔭᐠ /peːjak/ | ᐯᔭᐠ /peːjak/ | pejig /peʒɪɡ/ | bezhig /beʒiɡ/ | peikw /pejkʷ/ | ngwútii /ŋɡwutiː/ |
| Two | nīs /niːs/ | ᓃᓱ /niːso/ | ᓃᓱ /niːso/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | nicw /niʃʷ/ | niisha /niːʃa/ |
| Three | nɛʔniw /nɛʔniw/ | ᓂᐢᑐ /nisto/ | ᓂᐢᑐ /nisto/ | nisin /nisin/ | niswi /niswi/ | nicto /niʃto/ | nxáh /nxaːh/ |
| Four | nīw /niːw/ | ᓀᐓ /neːwo/ | ᓀᐓ /neːwo/ | niwin /niwin/ | niiwin /niːwin/ | new /new/ | néewa /neːwa/ |
| Five | nyānan /njaːnan/ | ᓂᔮᓇᐣ /nijaːnan/ | ᓂᔮᓇᐣ /niːjaːnan/ | naanan /naːnan/ | naanan /naːnan/ | niaran /niaɾan/ | náalan /naːlan/ |
| Hello | posoh /posoh/ | ᑖᓂᓯ /taːnisi/ | ᑖᓂᓯ /taːnisi/ | Kwe /kwe/ | boozhoo /boːʒoː/ | kwei /kwej/ | hé /heː/ |
| Thank you | wāēwāēnen /waːeːwaːeːnen/ | ᑭᓇᓈᐢᑯᒥᑎᐣ /kinanaːskomitin/ | ᐦᐊᕀ ᐦᐊᕀ /haj haj/ | Migwech /mɪɡwetʃ/ | miigwech /miːɡʷetʃ/ | mikwetc /mikwetʃ/ | wanìshi /waniʃi/ |
| Good | menwāewen /menwaːewen/ | ᒥᔫ /mijoː/ | ᒥᔼᓯᐣ /mijwaːsin/ | mino /mɪnɔ/ | mino /mino/ | mirwacin /miɾwaʃin/ | weltóok /weltoːk/ |
| Red | mɛhkon /mɛhkon/ | ᒥᐦᒁᐤ /mihkwaːw/ | ᒥᐦᒁᐤ /mihkwaːw/ | miskwa /miskwa/ | miskwaa /miskwaː/ | mikwaw /mikwaw/ | maxkeew /maxkeːw/ |
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