Aluank
Caucasian Albanian
Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic; ancestor/sister of modern Udi) · historical / hidden variety
Caucasian Albanian (Aghwan) was the literary language of the medieval Christian kingdom of Caucasian Albania, a Lezgic (Northeast Caucasian) language closely related to modern Udi. Long known only from a 52-letter alphabet preserved in an Armenian manuscript, it was effectively rediscovered in 1996–2003 when Zaza Aleksidze identified two palimpsest lectionaries at St Catherine's Monastery on Mt Sinai, which Gippert, Schulze and colleagues edited and deciphered (2008). The corpus — fragments of John's Gospel and a lectionary — gives us most basic vocabulary.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Caucasian Albanian
Sources
- Gippert, J., Schulze, W., Aleksidze, Z. & Mahé, J.-P. (2008) The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mt. Sinai. 2 vols. Turnhout: Brepols.
- Schulze, W. (2005) Towards a History of Udi. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics 1.
- Aleksidze, Z. & Mahé, J.-P. (1997) Découverte d'un texte albanien. Comptes-rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 141:2.
- Glottolog: Caucasian Albanian
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic; ancestor/sister of modern Udi)
| Meaning | Caucasian Albanian | Udi | Khinalug | Kryts | Ubykh | Phrygian | Old Persian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | xe /xe/ | хе /xe/ | хьу /xu/ | xəd /xæd/ | bzə /bzə/ | bedu /ˈbedu/ | 𐎠𐎱 /aːpi/ |
| Fire | ow /u/ | арух /arux/ | чӏаь /tʃʼæ/ | tsʼə /tsʼæ/ | mzʼə /mzʼə/ | — /—/ | 𐎠𐎫𐎼 /aːtar/ |
| Sun | beɣ /beɣ/ | бех /beχ/ | ынкь /ɨnqʼ/ | virağ /viraʁ/ | dəɣʷa /dəɣʷa/ | — /—/ | 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎼 /huwar/ |
| Moon | ḳac̣ḳac̣ /kʼatsʼkʼatsʼ/ | уьш /yʃ/ | вацӏ /vatsʼ/ | vəz /væz/ | mazə /mazə/ | masê /maˈseː/ | 𐎶𐎠𐏃 /maːha/ |
| Star | — /—/ | хабунах /xabunax/ | пхунцӏ /pχuntsʼ/ | ħəçʼ /ħætʃʼ/ | tʃʷʼakʲ /tʃʷʼakʲʼ/ | — /—/ | 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎼 /staːra/ |
| Night | šow /ʃu/ | уьше /yʃe/ | сан /san/ | yif /jif/ | śwa /ɕʷa/ | — /—/ | 𐎧𐏁𐎱 /xʃapa/ |
| Wind | mowš /muʃ/ | муш /muʃ/ | кулак /kʰulakʰ/ | kulak /kulak/ | — | — | — |
| Stone | źe /ʑe/ | жӏеъ /dʒeˤ/ | кӏачӏын /kʼatʃʼɨn/ | xud /xud/ | laqa /laqa/ | — | 𐎠𐎰𐎥 /aθaŋɡa/ |
| Mountain | bow /bu/ | бурух /burux/ | мыда /mɨda/ | bel /bel/ | — | — | 𐎣𐎢𐎳 /kaufa/ |
| Mother | nana /nana/ | нана /nana/ | даьдаь /dædæ/ | dəy /dæj/ | nan /nan/ | mater /ˈmater/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 /maːtar/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | бабо /babo/ | бый /bɨj/ | bəy /bæj/ | tʷə /tʷə/ | atas /aˈtas/ | 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 /pitaː/ |
| Daughter | ša /ʃa/ | хуьйаьр /xyjær/ | риши /riʃi/ | riş /riʃ/ | pχʲa /pʰχʲa/ | — | — |
| I | zu /zu/ | зу /zu/ | зы /zɨ/ | zın /zɨn/ | sʁʷa /sʁʷa/ | az /az/ | 𐎠𐎭𐎶 /adam/ |
| You | un /un/ | ун /un/ | вы /vɨ/ | vun /vun/ | wʁʷa /wʁʷa/ | — /—/ | 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 /tuvam/ |
| We | yan /jan/ | йан /jan/ | кин / йир /kʰin / jir/ | jin / žin /jin / ʒin/ | ʃʁʷała /ʃʁʷaɬa/ | — /—/ | 𐎺𐎹𐎶 /vajam/ |
| Name | cʼi /tsʼi/ | цӏи /tsʼi/ | цӏу /tsʼu/ | tʼır /tʼɨr/ | pʼtsʼa /pʼtsʼa/ | onoman /ˈonoman/ | 𐎴𐎠𐎶 /naːma/ |
| Person | išow /iʃu/ | амдар /amdar/ | хӏаьдми /ħædmi/ | admi /admi/ | — | — | 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 /martija/ |
| Head | bul /bul/ | бул /bul/ | микӏир /mikʼir/ | qʼıl /qʼɨl/ | — | — | — |
| Eye | pʼul /pʼul/ | пул /pul/ | пил /pʰil/ | ʕül /ʕyl/ | bla /bla/ | — /—/ | 𐏂𐏁𐎶𐎴 /tʃaʃman/ |
| Ear | ˁi /iˤ/ | уъмуъх /uˤmuˤx/ | тӏоп /tʼopʰ/ | ibır /ibɨr/ | laqʼʷəma /laqʼʷəma/ | — | 𐎥𐎢𐏁 /ɡauʃa/ |
| Mouth | ʒ́owmowx̣ /dʑumuχ/ | жӏомо /dʒomo/ | мац /mats/ | siv /siv/ | tʃʼa /tʃʼa/ | — | — |
| Tooth | — /—/ | улух /ulux/ | цулоз /tsuloz/ | sil /sil/ | cakʼə /tsakʼʲə/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tongue | muz /muz/ | муз /muz/ | мицӏ /mitsʼ/ | mez /mez/ | bza /bʒa/ | — /—/ | 𐏃𐏀𐎠𐎴𐎶 /hizaːnam/ |
| Hand | kʼul /kʼul/ | кул /kul/ | кул /kʰul/ | xəb /xæb/ | ɂa /ʔa/ | zeira /ˈzeːra/ | 𐎭𐎿𐎫 /dasta/ |
| Foot | tur /tur/ | тур /tur/ | анк /ankʰ/ | qil /qil/ | ła:pʼa /ɬaːpʼa/ | petes /ˈpetes/ | 𐎱𐎠𐎭 /paːda/ |
| Heart | ükʼ /ykʼ/ | укӏ /ukʼ/ | унг /uŋɡ/ | yikʼ /jikʼ/ | gʷə /ɡʷə/ | — /—/ | 𐏀𐎼𐎭 /zard/ |
| Bone | hüwqʼen /hyqʼen/ | уъкъеън /uˤqʼeˤn/ | инкӏ /inkʼ/ | kʼərəpʼ /kʼæræpʼ/ | pqë /pqə/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Blood | pʼi /pʼi/ | пӏи /pʼi/ | пӏи /pʼi/ | irəc /irædʒ/ | ła /ɬa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Love | besown /besun/ | чурпсун /tʃurpsun/ | — /—/ | ikəcu /ikædʒu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | 𐎳𐎼𐎡𐎹 /frija/ |
| Tree | xod /xod/ | хунч /xuntʃ/ | вишаь /viʃæ/ | dar /dar/ | ɣʷənə /ɣʷənə/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | xa /xa/ | ха /xa/ | пхра /pχra/ | xʷar /xʷar/ | la /la/ | kan /kan/ | 𐎿𐎱𐎣 /spaka/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | пӏшу /pʼʃu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | — /—/ | чаьли /tʃæli/ | балыгъ /balɨʁ/ | balığ /balɨʁ/ | psa /psa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| House | ḳoǰ /kʼodʒ/ | кӏойи /kʼoji/ | цӏва /tsʼwa/ | kʼul /kʼul/ | tʷəna /tʷəna/ | — /—/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 /maːnija/ |
| Salt | el /el/ | ел /jel/ | кьаь /qʼæ/ | qʼel /qʼel/ | ǯʲə /dʒʲə/ | — | — |
| Book | ǰipʼ /dʒipʼ/ | гирк /ɡirk/ | кичеб /kʰitʃeb/ | kitab /kitab/ | ʃʷəqʼa /ʃʷəqʼa/ | — | — |
| Eat | ows- /us/ | уксун /uksun/ | кьандаь /qʼandæ/ | ʕulcu /ʕuldʒu/ | f /f/ | — /—/ | 𐎧𐎼 /xar/ |
| Drink | owɣ- /uɣ/ | уьгсун /yɡsun/ | цуври /tsuvri/ | qırcu /qɨrdʒu/ | dzʷa /dzʷa/ | — /—/ | 𐎱𐎠 /paː/ |
| Sleep | baskʼe- /baskʼe/ | баскӏсун /baskʼsun/ | мишкири /miʃkiri/ | — | tɕʰʷa /tɕʰʷa/ | — | — |
| One | sa /sa/ | са /sa/ | са /sa/ | səd /sæd/ | za /za/ | — /—/ | 𐎠𐎡𐎺 /aiwa/ |
| Two | pʼa /pʼa/ | пӏа /pʼa/ | кӏу /kʼu/ | qʼʷad /qʼʷad/ | tqʷʼa /tqʷʼa/ | — /—/ | 𐎯𐎢𐎺 /duva/ |
| Three | xib /xib/ | хиб /xib/ | пшва /pʃʷa/ | şibır /ʃibɨr/ | śa /ɕa/ | — /—/ | 𐎨𐎡𐏂 /θraja/ |
| Four | bipʼ /bipʼ/ | бипӏ /bipʼ/ | онгъ /onʁ/ | yuqʼud /juqʼud/ | pʼɬʼə /pʼɬʼə/ | — | — |
| Five | x̣o /χo/ | хъо /qʰo/ | пхьу /pxu/ | fır /fɨr/ | šxə /ʃχə/ | — | — |
| Hundred | baćʼ /batɕʼ/ | бач̍ /batʃʼ/ | пан /pʰan/ | fuqʼar /fuqʼar/ | — | — | — |
| Hello | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | бахтӏам /baχtʼam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | kʼačʼal /kʼatʃʼal/ | яхъи /jaqʼi/ | ксан /ksan/ | ğaləd /ʁalæd/ | ʈʂʼa /ʈʂʼa/ | — /—/ | 𐎴𐎡𐎲 /naiba/ |
| Red | čʼočʼa /tʃʼotʃʼa/ | чоча /tʃʼotʃʼa/ | ццыма /tsɨma/ | qırmızı /qɨrmɨzɨ/ | pɬaʒʲa /pɬaʒʲa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| White | biki /biki/ | мацӏи /matsʼi/ | хьырыцӏ /xɨrɨtsʼ/ | ləzı /læzɨ/ | — | — | — |
| Green | dai /dai/ | йаьшил /jæʃil/ | сыб /sɨb/ | çʼukʼni /tʃʼukʼni/ | ʁˤaqʼa /ʁˤaqʼa/ | — | — |
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