Chitonga
잠비아 통가어
대서양콩고어족 (반투어파, 통가렌제어군)
통가어(Chitonga)는 잠비아와 짐바브웨의 언어로, 반투어 M64 어군에 속하며 약 170만 명의 화자가 있다. 이름은 같지만 태평양의 통가어와는 다른 언어이다. 잠비아의 7개 공식 인정 지역 언어 중 하나로, 카리바 호수 주변 남부주와 서부주(짐바브웨 가로질러)에서 사용된다. 통가족은 잠베지 강 유역의 원래 주민의 후예이며, 카리바 댐 건설(1955-1959)로 이주해야 했다. 특징적 일치를 가진 반투 명사 부류 체계이며, 방출음이나 흡착음은 없다. 주요 문학에는 성경 번역과 상당한 교육 자료가 포함된다.
사용 지역
잠비아 통가어의 핵심 단어 87개
ccokoleti
출처
단어 비교
같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 대서양콩고어족 (반투어파, 통가렌제어군)
| 뜻 | 잠비아 통가어 | 벰바어 | 쇼나어 | 마니카어 | 카온데어 | 툼부카어 | 냠웨지어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | meenda /meːnda/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mema /mema/ | maji /madʒi/ | minzi /minzi/ |
| 불 | mulilo /mulilo/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| 해 | zuba /zuba/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | juba /dʒuba/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ |
| 달 | mwezi /mwezi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ |
| 별 | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nsonda /nsonda/ |
| 밤 | busiku /busiku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | usiku /usiku/ | buziku /buziku/ |
| 비 | imvula /imvula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvula /mvula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | mbula /mbula/ |
| 눈 | caanda /tʃaːnda/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | sinoo /sinoː/ | — | sino /sino/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ |
| 바람 | muwo /muwo/ | umwela /umwela/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ |
| 흙 | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ |
| 돌 | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 산 | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ |
| 바다 | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | bemba /bemba/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ |
| 어머니 | bama /bama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | bamama /bamama/ | amama /amama/ | mayu /maju/ |
| 아버지 | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | bataata /bataːta/ | adada /adada/ | baba /baba/ |
| 딸 | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ |
| 나 | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | ine /ine/ | nene /ˈnene/ |
| 너 | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | obewa /obewa/ | iwe /iwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ |
| 우리 | iswe /iswe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | atweba /atweba/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ |
| 이름 | izina /iˈziːna/ | ishina /iʃina/ | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | zina /zina/ | lina /ˈlina/ |
| 사람 | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munhu /munhu/ |
| 머리 | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ |
| 눈 | liso /liso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ |
| 귀 | kutwi /kutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | itwi /itwi/ |
| 코 | impemo /impemo/ | umona /umona/ | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | moona /moːna/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | nindo /nindo/ |
| 입 | kanwa /kanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| 이 | linyo /liɲo/ | ilino /ilino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ |
| 혀 | mulaka /mulaka/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| 손 | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | woko /woko/ | kukono /kukono/ |
| 발 | cituta /tʃituta/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | tsoka /tsoka/ | — | kuulu /kuːlu/ | lundi /lundi/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ |
| 마음 | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| 뼈 | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | kupa /kupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ |
| 피 | bulowa /bulowa/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| 똥 | tubi /tubi/ | amafi /amafi/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | maafi /maːfi/ |
| 사랑 | luyando /lujando/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| 나무 | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | muti /muti/ |
| 개 | muvwa /muvwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| 고양이 | kaaze /kaːze/ | pushi /puʃi/ | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | chona /tʃona/ | paka /paka/ |
| 물고기 | inswi /inswi/ | isabi /isabi/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | somba /somba/ | somba /soːmba/ |
| 새 | kayuni /kajuni/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | noni /noni/ |
| 나비 | inkoonkolekwa /iŋkoːŋkolekwa/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ | — | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — |
| 달걀 | iji /idʒi/ | ilini /ilini/ | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | jike /dʒike/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| 곰 | bbeya /ˈbeja/ | bea /bea/ | bheya /bʱeja/ | — | mbeyala /mbejala/ | — | — |
| 말 | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | mbili /mbili/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ |
| 집 | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ |
| 우유 | mukupa /mukupa/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ |
| 꿀 | buci /butʃi/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buki /buki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ |
| 소금 | munyo /muɲo/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mukele /mukele/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munu /munu/ |
| 포도주 | waini /waini/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | binyu /biɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| 쌀 | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| 초콜릿 | ccokoleti | chokoleti | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ | — | — | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — |
| 철 | butale /butale/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | kisinza /kisinza/ |
| 바퀴 | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /βiri/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | — |
| 책 | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | bhuku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| 먹다 | kulya /kulja/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| 마시다 | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| 자다 | koona /koːna/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kulala /kulala/ |
| 하나 | mwi /mwi/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | potsi /potsi/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | umo /umo/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | imo /imo/ |
| 둘 | bili /bili/ | fibili /fibili/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | ibili /iβili/ |
| 셋 | totatwe /totatwe/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | basatu /basatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | idatu /idatu/ |
| 넷 | ne /ne/ | fine /fine/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | bana /bana/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | inne /inːe/ |
| 다섯 | musanu /musanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | itaano /itaːno/ |
| 백 | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | kitota /kitota/ | zana /zana/ | igana /iɡana/ |
| 안녕하세요 | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ |
| 감사합니다 | twalumba /twalumba/ | natotela /natotela/ | maita /maita/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | yewo /jewo/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ |
| 좋은 | kabotu /kabotu/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | soga /soɡa/ |
| 새로운 | pya /pja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | kipya /kipja/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ |
| 빨강 | subila /subila/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | chila /tʃila/ | swesi /swesi/ | laluku /laluku/ |
| 하양 | salala /salala/ | buuta /buːta/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | toka /toka/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | pe /pe/ |
| 검정 | siya /sija/ | fiita /fiːta/ | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | fiita /fiːta/ | fipa /fipa/ | pi /pi/ |
| 컴퓨터 | kkompyuta /ˈkompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| 차(茶) | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | — | — | tiyi /tiji/ | — |
| 커피 | kkofi /ˈkofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — |
| 설탕 | syuga /sjuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | shuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — |
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