Awajún chichám
Kiawajun
Jivaroan
Aguaruna (Awajún chichám, "usemi wa Awajún") ndiyo lugha kubwa zaidi ya Kijivaro, inayozungumzwa na watu ~50,000-55,000 wa Awajún katika eneo la ekotoni baina ya Amazoni ya Peru na Andes. Familia ya Kijivaro ni familia ndogo iliyojitenga ya Amerika Kusini yenye lugha 4-5 zinazohusiana kwa karibu (Shuar jiv, Achuar acu, Huambisa, Shiwiar, Awajún agr) ambazo nchi yao ya asili inavuka mpaka wa Peru-Ekuado katika bonde la Mto Marañón. Wasemaji wa Awajún wanahusiana kikabila na Shuar wa Ekuado lakini wanatofautiana kiisimu; uelewano baina yao ni wa kiasi. Awajún imehifadhi sifa za familia ya Kijivaro: irabu za pua, vialamisho vya kitovu, miundo ya kiainishi-nomino, na leksika kamili ya kiethnobaiolojia ya msitu wa mvua. Mauaji ya Bagua ya 2009 yalivuta usikivu wa kimataifa kwa haki za ardhi za Awajún.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiawajun
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Jivaroan
| Maana | Kiawajun | Kiachuar | Kishuar | Kishipibo-Conibo | Kiaymara | Kisena | Kitotonaki cha Coyutla |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | yumi /jumi/ | yumi /jumi/ | yumi /jumi/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | uma /uma/ | madzi /madzi/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ |
| Moto | jii /hiː/ | ji /hi/ | ji /hi/ | chii /tʃiː/ | nina /nina/ | moto /moto/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ |
| Jua | etsá /ɨtsá/ | etsa /etsa/ | etsa /etsa/ | bari /bari/ | inti /inti/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ |
| Mwezi | nántu /nántu/ | nantu /nantu/ | nantu /nantu/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | papá /papá/ |
| Nyota | yaya /jaja/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | staku /staku/ |
| Usiku | kashi /kaʃi/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | yame /jamɨ/ | aruma /aruma/ | usiku /usiku/ | tsisní /tsisní/ |
| Mvua | yumi /jumi/ | — | yumi /jumi/ | oi /oi/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | mvura /mvura/ | sin /sin/ |
| Theluji | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | — | — | — | khunu /kʰunu/ | neve /neve/ | — |
| Upepo | dase /dasɨ/ | nase /nase/ | nase /nase/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | uún /uún/ |
| Udongo | nugka /nuɡka/ | nungka /nuŋka/ | nunka /nuŋka/ | mai /mai/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | mataka /mataka/ | tíyat /tíjat/ |
| Jiwe | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | makan /makan/ | qala /ˈqala/ | mwala /mwala/ | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ |
| Mlima | nain /nain/ | mura /muɾa/ | náint /naint/ | manan /manan/ | qullu /quʎu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | kestín /kestín/ |
| Bahari | nayants /najants/ | juun entsa /huːn entsa/ | nayaants /najaants/ | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | lamara /lamara/ | bara /bara/ | pupunú /pupunú/ |
| Mama | dukú /dukú/ | nukur /nukuɾ/ | nukur /nukuɾ/ | tita /tita/ | mama /mama/ | mai /mai/ | tzí /tsí/ |
| Baba | apá /apá/ | apar /apaɾ/ | apar /apaɾ/ | papa /papa/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | tlat /tɬat/ |
| Binti | nawan /nawan/ | nawantur /nawantuɾ/ | nawantur /nawantuɾ/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | tsumat /tsumat/ |
| Mimi | wi /wi/ | wi /wi/ | wi /wi/ | ea /ea/ | naya /naja/ | ine /ine/ | akit /akit/ |
| Wewe | amé /amé/ | ame /ame/ | ame /ame/ | mia /mia/ | juma /xuma/ | iwe /iwe/ | wix /wiʃ/ |
| Sisi | ii /iː/ | ii /iː/ | ii /iː/ | noa /noa/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | ife /ife/ | akinín /akinín/ |
| Jina | daaji /daːhi/ | naari /naːɾi/ | naari /naːɾi/ | jane /hanɨ/ | suti /suti/ | dzina /dzina/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ |
| Mtu | aents /aɨnts/ | aints /aints/ | aents /aents/ | joni /honi/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | — |
| Kichwa | buuk /buːk/ | muuk /muːk/ | muuk /muːk/ | mapo /mapo/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ |
| Jicho | jíi /híː/ | jii /hiː/ | jii /hiː/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | nayra /najɾa/ | diso /diso/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ |
| Sikio | kuwish /kuwiʃ/ | kuwish /kuwiʃ/ | kuish /kwiʃ/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | takgén /taqén/ |
| Pua | nuji /nuhi/ | nuji /nuhi/ | nuji /nuhi/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | — |
| Mdomo | wenu /wɨnu/ | wene /wene/ | wene /wene/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ |
| Jino | dai /dai/ | nai /nai/ | nai /nai/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | dzino /dzino/ | tatsán /tatsán/ |
| Ulimi | inai /inai/ | inai /inai/ | inai /inai/ | jana /hana/ | laxra /laχra/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | simakgat /simaqat/ |
| Mkono | uwéj /uwéh/ | uwej /uweh/ | uwej /uweh/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | nkono /nkono/ | makán /makán/ |
| Mguu | dawe /dawɨ/ | nawe /nawe/ | nawe /nawe/ | tae /taɨ/ | kayu /kaju/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | tantún /tantún/ |
| Moyo | anéntai /anɨ́ntai/ | enentai /enentai/ | enentai /enentai/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | ntima /ntima/ | naku /naku/ |
| Mfupa | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | xao /ʂao/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | lúkut /lúkut/ |
| Damu | numpa /numpa/ | numpa /numpã/ | numpa /numpã/ | jimi /himi/ | wila /wila/ | malopa /malopa/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ |
| Kinyesi | ija /iha/ | ija /iha/ | íjia /ˈihia/ | poi /poi/ | jama /xama/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | — |
| Upendo | wakejut /wakɨhut/ | anentin /anentin/ | anentaiti /anentaiti/ | noi /noi/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | númi /númi/ | numi /numi/ | numi /numi/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | quqa /quqa/ | muti /muti/ | kiwi /kiwi/ |
| Mbwa | yawá /jawá/ | yawa /jawa/ | yawá /jaˈwa/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | anu /anu/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ |
| Paka | bishu /biʃu/ | micha /mitʃa/ | míchik /ˈmitʃik/ | mishito /miʃito/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | paka /paka/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ |
| Samaki | namak /namak/ | namak /namak/ | namak /namak/ | yapa /japa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | omba /omba/ | skiti /skiti/ |
| Ndege | pishak /piʃak/ | chingki /tʃiŋki/ | chinki /tʃiŋki/ | isa /isa/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | spun /spun/ |
| Kipepeo | wámpishuk /wámpiʃuk/ | shimpiampu /ʃimpiampu/ | wámpishuk /ˈwampiʃuk/ | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | — |
| Yai | nujín /nuˈhin/ | nujin /nuhin/ | nujint /nuhint/ | bachi /batʃi/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | dzai /dzai/ | kálhwat /káɬwat/ |
| Dubu | chayú /tʃajú/ | chayu /tʃaju/ | chai /tʃai/ | oso /oso/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | urusu /urusu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | kawayu /kawaju/ | kawai /kawai/ | kawai /kawai/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | kawayu /kawaju/ |
| Nyumba | jega /hɨɡa/ | jea /hea/ | jea /hea/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | uta /uta/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | chiki /tʃiki/ |
| Maziwa | muntsu /muntsu/ | muntsu /muntsu/ | muntsu /muntsu/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | leche /letʃe/ |
| Asali | dapa yumiji /dapa jumihi/ | wapasa yumiri /wapasa jumiɾi/ | chinij /tʃinih/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | uci /utʃi/ | táxkat /táʃkat/ |
| Chumvi | wee /wɨː/ | wee /weː/ | wee /weː/ | tashi /taʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mátzat /mátsat/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | winiu /winiu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /vino/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vino /bino/ |
| Mchele | ajus /ahus/ | arrus /aɾus/ | arús /aˈɾus/ | aros /aɾos/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| Chuma | jiju /hihu/ | jiru /hiɾu/ | jiru /hiru/ | yami /jami/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | utale /utale/ | likán /likán/ |
| Gurudumu | rueda /rueda/ | — | tuntunk /tuntuŋk/ | karotae /kaɾotae/ | rueda /ɾweda/ | roda /roda/ | — |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | séta /ˈseta/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | papi /papi/ | papi /papi/ | papí /paˈpi/ | kirika /kiɾika/ | panka /panka/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | libro /libro/ |
| Kula | yuwámu /juwámu/ | yuata /juata/ | yuata /juata/ | piti /piti/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | kudya /kudja/ | wayán /waján/ |
| Kunywa | umut /umut/ | umarta /umaɾta/ | umarta /umaɾta/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ |
| Kulala | kanut /kanut/ | kanarta /kanaɾta/ | kanarta /kanaɾta/ | oxa /oʂa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ |
| Moja | makichik /makitʃik/ | kichik /kitʃik/ | chikichik /tʃikitʃik/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | maya /maja/ | posi /posi/ | aktum /aktum/ |
| Mbili | jimag /himaɡ/ | jimiar /himiaɾ/ | jimiará /himiaɾa/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | paya /paja/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | aktuy /aktuj/ |
| Tatu | kampatum /kampatum/ | kampatam /kampatam/ | menaintiu /menaintʲu/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | aktutu /aktutu/ |
| Nne | ipaksumat /ipaksumat/ | aintiuk /aintʲuk/ | aintiuk /aintʲuk/ | chosko /tʃosko/ | pusi /pusi/ | pinai /pinai/ | aktati /aktati/ |
| Tano | uweja amua /uwɨha amua/ | ewej /eweh/ | ewej /eweh/ | pichika /pitʃika/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | kitsis /kitsis/ |
| Mia | cien /sjen/ | pachak /patʃak/ | sian /sian/ | pacha /patʃa/ | pataka /pataka/ | dzana /dzana/ | ciento /sjento/ |
| Habari | pujámek /puhámɨk/ | pujamek /puhamek/ | pujamek /puhamek/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ |
| Asante | see /sɨː/ | mai-tikut /majtikut/ | yuminsajme /juminsahme/ | irake /iɾake/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ |
| Nzuri | pegkeg /pɨɡkɨɡ/ | pengker /peŋkeɾ/ | penker /peŋkeɾ/ | jakon /hakon/ | suma /suma/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | tlan /tɬan/ |
| Mpya | yamajam /jamaham/ | yamaram /jamaɾam/ | yamaram /jamaram/ | bena /bɨna/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ |
| Nyekundu | kapantu /kapantu/ | kapantin /kapantin/ | kapaku /kapaku/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | wila /wila/ | funga /funɡa/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ |
| Nyeupe | puju /puhu/ | puju /puhu/ | pujú /puˈhu/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | cena /tʃena/ | snapapa /snapapa/ |
| Nyeusi | bukusea /bukusɨa/ | shuwin /ʃuwin/ | mukusa /mukusa/ | wiso /wiso/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | psipa /psipa/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ |
| Kijani | samekbau /samɨkbau/ | samek /samek/ | sámek /ˈsamek/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | — |
| Buluu | wigka /wiɡka/ | — | sámek /ˈsamek/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | larama /laɾama/ | — | — |
| Kekeo | ikáncham /iˈkantʃam/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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