Bahasa Mandar
Mandar
Kiaustronesia (Malayo-Polynesian, South Sulawesi)
Kimandar (Bahasa Mandar) ni lugha ya Kiaustronesia ya kusini mwa Sulawesi inayohusiana kwa karibu na Kibugis (bug) na Kimakassar (mak), inayozungumzwa katika jimbo la Sulawesi Magharibi (Sulawesi Barat, lililotenganishwa na Sulawesi Kusini mwaka 2004). Watu wa Mandar ni mabaharia mashuhuri ambao kwa kijadi hujenga mashua za matanga zenye tegemeo la pembeni za pekee aina ya sandeq zinazotumika kuvua samaki kwenye kina kirefu cha bahari ya Pasifiki. Kama Kibugis na Kimakassar, Kimandar kihistoria kilitumia abugida ya Lontara iliyotokana na hati ya Kibrahmi; sasa hati ya Kilatini ndiyo inayotawala.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Mandar
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia (Malayo-Polynesian, South Sulawesi)
| Maana | Mandar | Kitoraja-Saʼdan | Kibugis | Kibatak cha Angkola | Kimalay cha Ambon | Kitausug | Kibatak cha Simalungun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | uai /uai/ | uai /uai/ | wae /wae/ | aek /aek/ | aer /aer/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | bah /bah/ |
| Moto | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | kāyu /kaːju/ | apuy /apuj/ |
| Jua | mata allo /mata alːo/ | mata allo /mataʔalːo/ | mata esso /mata esːo/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ |
| Mwezi | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | uleng /uleŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Nyota | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | bintoen /bintoen/ | wittoing /wittoiŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bituun /bituʔun/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Usiku | bongi /boŋi/ | bongi /boŋi/ | wenni /wənːi/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malang /malaŋ/ | dūm /duːm/ | borngin /borŋin/ |
| Mvua | urang /uˈraŋ/ | uran /uˈran/ | bosi /ˈbosi/ | udan /uˈdan/ | ujang /udʒaŋ/ | ulan /ˈulan/ | udan /uˈdan/ |
| Upepo | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | hangin /haŋin/ | logou /loɡou/ |
| Udongo | litaq /litaʔ/ | litak /litak/ | tana /tana/ | tano /tano/ | tana /tana/ | lupaꞌ /lupaʔ/ | tanoh /tanoh/ |
| Jiwe | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mlima | buttu /butːu/ | buntu /buntu/ | bulu /bulu/ | dolok /dolok/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | būd /buːd/ | dolog /doloɡ/ |
| Bahari | sasiq /sasiʔ/ | tasik /tasik/ | tasiʼ /tasiʔ/ | laut /laut/ | lau /lau/ | dagat /daɡat/ | laut /laut/ |
| Mama | indoq /indoʔ/ | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | inang /inaŋ/ | mama /mama/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | inang /inaŋ/ |
| Baba | ama /ama/ | ambeʼ /ambeʔ/ | amboʼ /amboʔ/ | amang /amaŋ/ | papa /papa/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Mimi | iyau /ijau/ | aku /aku/ | iyyaʼ /ijːaʔ/ | au /au/ | beta /beta/ | aku /aku/ | ahu /ahu/ |
| Wewe | io /iʔo/ | iko /iko/ | iko /iko/ | ho /ho/ | ose /ose/ | ikaw /ikaw/ | ho /ho/ |
| Sisi | ikiq / ingkaiq /ikiʔ / iŋkaiʔ/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | idiʼ /idiʔ/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | katong /katoŋ/ | kitaniyu / kami /kitaniju / kami/ | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ |
| Jina | sanga /saŋa/ | sanga /saŋa/ | aseng /asəŋ/ | goar /ɡoar/ | nama /nama/ | ngan /ŋan/ | goran /ɡoran/ |
| Mtu | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | halak /halak/ | orang /oraŋ/ | tau /taʔu/ | halak /halak/ |
| Kichwa | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | ū /ʔuː/ | ulu /ulu/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | talinga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | doccili /dotʃːili/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | taynga /tajŋa/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ |
| Pua | pudzung /puðuŋ/ | illong /ilːoŋ/ | ingeʼ /iŋəʔ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ | ilung /ˈʔiluŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ |
| Mdomo | nganga /ŋaŋa/ | sadang /sadaŋ/ | timu /timu/ | baba /baba/ | mulu /mulu/ | simud /simud/ | babah /babah/ |
| Jino | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipun /ipun/ | ipon /ipon/ |
| Ulimi | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | dila /dila/ | lida /lida/ | dilaꞌ /dilaʔ/ | dilah /dilah/ |
| Mkono | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Moyo | ate /ate/ | penaa /penaː/ | ati /ati/ | roha /roha/ | hati /hati/ | jantung /dʒantuŋ/ | uhur /uhur/ |
| Mfupa | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | bukug /ˈbukuɡ/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ |
| Damu | ceraq /tʃɛraʔ/ | rara /rara/ | dara /dara/ | mudar /mudar/ | dara /dara/ | duguꞌ /duɡuʔ/ | daroh /daroh/ |
| Kinyesi | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | — | tai /tai/ | tayꞌ /tajʔ/ | tois /tois/ |
| Upendo | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | maʼpaʼiya /maʔpaʔija/ | poji /podʒi/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | lasa /lasa/ | holong /holoŋ/ |
| Mti | kaju /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | aju /adʒu/ | hayu /haju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | hayu /haju/ |
| Mbwa | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | baliang /baliaŋ/ |
| Paka | mio /mio/ | serre /serːe/ | meong /meoŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ |
| Samaki | bau /ˈbau/ | bale /ˈbale/ | bale /ˈbale/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | istaꞌ /ʔisˈtaʔ/ | ihan /ˈihan/ |
| Ndege | manu-manuq /manu manuʔ/ | manuk-manuk /manuʔmanuʔ/ | manuʼ-manuʼ /manuʔmanuʔ/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk-manuk /manukmanuk/ | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ |
| Yai | talloq /talːoʔ/ | talloʼ /talːoʔ/ | tello /təlːo/ | pira /pira/ | talor /talor/ | iklug /ʔikluɡ/ | tinaruh /tinaruh/ |
| Nyumba | boyang /bojaŋ/ | banua /banua/ | bola /bola/ | bagas /baɡas/ | ruma /ruma/ | bāy /baːj/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Chumvi | sia /sia/ | sia /sia/ | pejje /pədʒːe/ | sira /sira/ | garang /ɡaraŋ/ | asin /asin/ | sira /sira/ |
| Mchele | baras /baras/ | barraʼ /barːaʔ/ | werreʼ /wərːeʔ/ | — | baras /baras/ | bugas /buɡas/ | boras /boras/ |
| Chokoleti | sikolaq /sikolaʔ/ | — | sikolaʼ /sikolaʔ/ | — | — | sakulati /sakulaˈti/ | coklat |
| Chuma | bassi /basːi/ | bassi /basːi/ | bessi /bəsːi/ | bosi /bosi/ | besi /besi/ | basiꞌ /basiʔ/ | bosi /bosi/ |
| Kitabu | suraq /suraʔ/ | suraʼ /suraʔ/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | būk /buːk/ | buku /buku/ |
| Kula | maʼande /maʔande/ | kumande /kumande/ | manré /manˈre/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makang /makaŋ/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | mangan /maŋan/ |
| Kunywa | minung /minuŋ/ | maʼiru /maʔiru/ | minung /minuŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Kulala | matindro /matindro/ | mammaʼ /mamːaʔ/ | matinro /matinro/ | modom /modom/ | tidor /tidor/ | matūg /maˈtuːɡ/ | modom /modom/ |
| Moja | mesa /mesa/ | misaʼ /misaʔ/ | séddi /sedːi/ | sada /sada/ | satu /satu/ | isa /isa/ | sada /sada/ |
| Mbili | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /duwa/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duwa /duwa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Tatu | tallu /talːu/ | tallu /talːu/ | tellu /təlːu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tū /tuː/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Nne | appe /apːe/ | aʼpaʼ /ʔapːaʔ/ | eppa /əpːa/ | opat /opat/ | ampa /ampa/ | upat /upat/ | opat /opat/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | sangatus /saŋatus/ | saratu /saratu/ | sératu /seratu/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | hanggatus /haŋɡaˈtus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Habari | salamaʼ maʼondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | tabe /tabe/ | tabeʼ /tabeʔ/ | horas /horas/ | tabea /tabea/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | horas /horas/ |
| Asante | kuruʼ sumangaʼ /kuruʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | kurre sumangaʼ /kurːe sumaŋaʔ/ | kurru sumange /kurːu sumaŋe/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | dangke /daŋke/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | diatebei /diatebei/ |
| Nzuri | macoa /matʃoa/ | melo /melo/ | makanja /makandʒa/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bae /bae/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | dear /dear/ |
| Mpya | baru /baru/ | baʼru /baʔru/ | baru /baru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | baru /baru/ | baꞌgu /baʔɡu/ | baru /baru/ |
| Nyekundu | mamea /mamea/ | mararang /mararaŋ/ | cella /tʃəlːa/ | rara /rara/ | mera /ˈmera/ | pula /puˈla/ | gerger /ɡerɡer/ |
| Nyeupe | mapute /mapute/ | mabusa /mabusa/ | puté /pute/ | bontar /bontar/ | puti /puti/ | maputiꞌ /mapuˈtiʔ/ | lopak /lopak/ |
| Nyeusi | malotong /malotoŋ/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | lotong /lotoŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | itang /itaŋ/ | itum /ʔiˈtum/ | birong /biroŋ/ |
| Kijani | mekurarraq /mekurarːaʔ/ | maido /maido/ | kudara /kudara/ | rata /rata/ | ijo /idʒo/ | gaddung /ɡadduŋ/ | ratah /ratah/ |
| Buluu | magavu /maɡavu/ | lango-lango /laŋolaŋo/ | gawu /ɡawu/ | rata langit /rata laŋit/ | biru /biru/ | bilu /biˈlu/ | — |
| Kompyuta | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsusi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Sukari | golla /ɡolːa/ | — | golla /ɡolːa/ | — | — | sukal /sukal/ | gula /ɡula/ |
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