Basa Toraya
Kitoraja-Saʼdan
Kiaustronesia (South Sulawesi, Toraja-Sa'dan)
Toraja-Sa'dan ndilo lugha kuu ya watu wa Toraja katika nyanda za juu za Sulawesi Kusini (Indonesia), yenye wasemaji wapatao 750,000 katika wilaya za Tana Toraja na Toraja Kaskazini. Inajulikana ulimwenguni kote kwa sherehe za mazishi za Aluk-Todolo zenye fahari (Rambu Solo' zinazodumu hadi wiki moja), nyumba za Tongkonan zenye umbo la mashua zilizojengwa juu ya nguzo ndefu, na maghala ya maziko yanayoning'inia kwenye majabali yenye sanamu za tau-tau. Ni ya tawi la Sulawesi Kusini la lugha za Kiaustronesia pamoja na Kibugini na Kimakasari. Maandishi ya Kilatini; tafsiri ya Biblia ilikamilika mwaka 1996. Ina hadhi ya lugha ya kimkoa nchini Indonesia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kitoraja-Saʼdan
teh
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Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia (South Sulawesi, Toraja-Sa'dan)
| Maana | Kitoraja-Saʼdan | Mandar | Kibugis | Kitausug | Kibatak cha Angkola | Kingaju | Kimakasari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | uai /uai/ | uai /uai/ | wae /wae/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | aek /aek/ | danum /danum/ | jeʼneʼ /ˈdʒeʔneʔ/ |
| Moto | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | kāyu /kaːju/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | pepeʼ /ˈpepeʔ/ |
| Jua | mata allo /mataʔalːo/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ | mata esso /mata esːo/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | mata allo /mata ˈʔallo/ |
| Mwezi | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | uleng /uleŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /buˈlaŋ/ |
| Nyota | bintoen /bintoen/ | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | wittoing /wittoiŋ/ | bituun /bituʔun/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintoeng /bintoeŋ/ |
| Usiku | bongi /boŋi/ | bongi /boŋi/ | wenni /wənːi/ | dūm /duːm/ | borngin /borŋin/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ | bangngi /baŋːi/ |
| Mvua | uran /uˈran/ | urang /uˈraŋ/ | bosi /ˈbosi/ | ulan /ˈulan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | ujan /udʒan/ | bosi /ˈbosi/ |
| Theluji | ambun makko /ambun makːo/ | — | salejju /salədʒːu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — |
| Upepo | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | hangin /haŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | riwut /riwut/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ |
| Udongo | litak /litak/ | litaq /litaʔ/ | tana /tana/ | lupaꞌ /lupaʔ/ | tano /tano/ | petak /petak/ | butta /butːa/ |
| Jiwe | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mlima | buntu /buntu/ | buttu /butːu/ | bulu /bulu/ | būd /buːd/ | dolok /dolok/ | bukit /bukit/ | moncong /moɲtʃoŋ/ |
| Bahari | tasik /tasik/ | sasiq /sasiʔ/ | tasiʼ /tasiʔ/ | dagat /daɡat/ | laut /laut/ | tasik /tasik/ | tamparang /tamˈparaŋ/ |
| Mama | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | indoq /indoʔ/ | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | inang /inaŋ/ | indu /indu/ | ammaʼ /ˈʔammaʔ/ |
| Baba | ambeʼ /ambeʔ/ | ama /ama/ | amboʼ /amboʔ/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | amang /amaŋ/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapaʼ /ˈbapaʔ/ |
| Binti | anak baine /anak baine/ | — | anaʼ makkunrai /anaʔ makːunrai/ | anak babai /anak babai/ | boru /boru/ | anak bawi /anak bawi/ | anaʼ baine /ʔanaʔ baine/ |
| Mimi | aku /aku/ | iyau /ijau/ | iyyaʼ /ijːaʔ/ | aku /aku/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ | nakke /naʔke/ |
| Wewe | iko /iko/ | io /iʔo/ | iko /iko/ | ikaw /ikaw/ | ho /ho/ | ikau /ikau/ | ikau /ikau/ |
| Sisi | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ikiq / ingkaiq /ikiʔ / iŋkaiʔ/ | idiʼ /idiʔ/ | kitaniyu / kami /kitaniju / kami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ | ikatte / ikambe /ikaʔte / ikambe/ |
| Jina | sanga /saŋa/ | sanga /saŋa/ | aseng /asəŋ/ | ngan /ŋan/ | goar /ɡoar/ | aran /aran/ | areng /areŋ/ |
| Mtu | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | tau /taʔu/ | halak /halak/ | uluh /uluh/ | tau /tau/ |
| Kichwa | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ū /ʔuː/ | ulu /ulu/ | takuluk /takuluk/ | ulu /ˈulu/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ | mata /maˈta/ |
| Sikio | talinga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | doccili /dotʃːili/ | taynga /tajŋa/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinding /pindiŋ/ | toli /ˈtoli/ |
| Pua | illong /ilːoŋ/ | pudzung /puðuŋ/ | ingeʼ /iŋəʔ/ | ilung /ˈʔiluŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | urung /uruŋ/ | kaʼmuru /kaʔˈmuru/ |
| Mdomo | sadang /sadaŋ/ | nganga /ŋaŋa/ | timu /timu/ | simud /simud/ | baba /baba/ | nyama /ɲama/ | bawa /ˈbawa/ |
| Jino | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | ipun /ipun/ | ipon /ipon/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Ulimi | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | dilaꞌ /dilaʔ/ | dila /dila/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ | lila /lila/ |
| Mkono | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | lima /liˈma/ |
| Mguu | lentek /lentek/ | — | ajé /adʒe/ | siki /siki/ | pat /pat/ | pai /pai/ | bangkeng /ˈbaŋkəŋ/ |
| Moyo | penaa /penaː/ | ate /ate/ | ati /ati/ | jantung /dʒantuŋ/ | roha /roha/ | atei /atei/ | ati /ˈʔati/ |
| Mfupa | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | bukug /ˈbukuɡ/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | buku /buku/ |
| Damu | rara /rara/ | ceraq /tʃɛraʔ/ | dara /dara/ | duguꞌ /duɡuʔ/ | mudar /mudar/ | daha /dahaʔ/ | ceraʼ /tʃeraʔ/ |
| Kinyesi | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tayꞌ /tajʔ/ | — | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ |
| Upendo | maʼpaʼiya /maʔpaʔija/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | poji /podʒi/ | lasa /lasa/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sinta /sinta/ | mangngai /maŋˈŋai/ |
| Mti | kayu /kaju/ | kaju /kaju/ | aju /adʒu/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | hayu /haju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pokoʼ kayu /pokoʔ kaˈju/ |
| Mbwa | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | kongkong /koŋˈkoŋ/ |
| Paka | serre /serːe/ | mio /mio/ | meong /meoŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | posa /posa/ | ngeong /ŋeˈʔoŋ/ |
| Samaki | bale /ˈbale/ | bau /ˈbau/ | bale /ˈbale/ | istaꞌ /ʔisˈtaʔ/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | juku /dʒukuʔ/ |
| Ndege | manuk-manuk /manuʔmanuʔ/ | manu-manuq /manu manuʔ/ | manuʼ-manuʼ /manuʔmanuʔ/ | manuk-manuk /manukmanuk/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ | jangang-jangang /dʒaŋaŋdʒaŋaŋ/ |
| Kipepeo | kalubambang /kalubambaŋ/ | — | kalubampa /kalubampa/ | kabaꞌ-kabaꞌ /kabaʔkabaʔ/ | — | kakupu /kakupuʔ/ | — |
| Yai | talloʼ /talːoʔ/ | talloq /talːoʔ/ | tello /təlːo/ | iklug /ʔikluɡ/ | pira /pira/ | tanteluh /tantəluh/ | bayao /bajao/ |
| Dubu | beruang /beruaŋ/ | — | baruang /baruaŋ/ | baluwang /baluwaŋ/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | bahuang /bahuaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ |
| Farasi | darang /daraŋ/ | — | anyarang /aɲaraŋ/ | kuraꞌ /kuraʔ/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ | jarang /ɟaraŋ/ |
| Nyumba | banua /banua/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ | bola /bola/ | bāy /baːj/ | bagas /baɡas/ | huma /huma/ | ballaʼ /ˈballaʔ/ |
| Maziwa | bumbungan /bumbuŋan/ | — | susu /susu/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | dadiʼ /ˈdadiʔ/ |
| Asali | taniʼ enoan /taniʔ enoan/ | — | cani /tʃani/ | tunub /tunub/ | aer ni loba /aer ni loba/ | madu /madu/ | jeʼneʼ bani /dʒeʔneʔ bani/ |
| Chumvi | sia /sia/ | sia /sia/ | pejje /pədʒːe/ | asin /asin/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ | ceʼla /ˈtʃeʔla/ |
| Mvinyo | uai anggoroʼ /uai aŋɡoroʔ/ | — | anggoroʼ /aŋɡoroʔ/ | tubig anggul /tubiɡ aŋɡul/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggor /aŋɡor/ | anggoroʼ /aŋˈɡoroʔ/ |
| Mchele | barraʼ /barːaʔ/ | baras /baras/ | werreʼ /wərːeʔ/ | bugas /buɡas/ | — | behas /behas/ | berasaʼ /ˈberasaʔ/ |
| Chuma | bassi /basːi/ | bassi /basːi/ | bessi /bəsːi/ | basiꞌ /basiʔ/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /wasi/ | bassi /ˈbasːi/ |
| Gurudumu | lentenan /lentenan/ | — | roda /roda/ | silikan /silikan/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /ˈɾoda/ |
| Hariri | saʼbe /saʔbe/ | — | sabbe /sabːe/ | sutlaꞌ /sutlaʔ/ | surto /surto/ | sutra /sutra/ | saʼbe /ˈsaʔbe/ |
| Kitabu | suraʼ /suraʔ/ | suraq /suraʔ/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | būk /buːk/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | boʼboʼ /ˈboʔboʔ/ |
| Kula | kumande /kumande/ | maʼande /maʔande/ | manré /manˈre/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kuman /kuman/ | angnganre /ʔaŋˈŋanɾe/ |
| Kunywa | maʼiru /maʔiru/ | minung /minuŋ/ | minung /minuŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | mihop /mihop/ | angnginung /ʔaŋˈŋinuŋ/ |
| Kulala | mammaʼ /mamːaʔ/ | matindro /matindro/ | matinro /matinro/ | matūg /maˈtuːɡ/ | modom /modom/ | batiruh /batiruh/ | attinro /attinro/ |
| Moja | misaʼ /misaʔ/ | mesa /mesa/ | séddi /sedːi/ | isa /isa/ | sada /sada/ | ije /ije/ | seʼre /ˈseʔɾe/ |
| Mbili | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /duwa/ | duwa /duwa/ | dua /dua/ | due /ˈdue/ | rua /ruwa/ |
| Tatu | tallu /talːu/ | tallu /talːu/ | tellu /təlːu/ | tū /tuː/ | tolu /tolu/ | telo /təlo/ | tallu /talːu/ |
| Nne | aʼpaʼ /ʔapːaʔ/ | appe /apːe/ | eppa /əpːa/ | upat /upat/ | opat /opat/ | epat /əpat/ | appaʼ /apːaʔ/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | saratu /saratu/ | sangatus /saŋatus/ | sératu /seratu/ | hanggatus /haŋɡaˈtus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | sibilangngang /sibilaŋːaŋ/ |
| Habari | tabe /tabe/ | salamaʼ maʼondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | tabeʼ /tabeʔ/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | horas /horas/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamaʼ /saˈlamaʔ/ |
| Asante | kurre sumangaʼ /kurːe sumaŋaʔ/ | kuruʼ sumangaʼ /kuruʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | kurru sumange /kurːu sumaŋe/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kasi /taɾima ˈkasi/ |
| Nzuri | melo /melo/ | macoa /matʃoa/ | makanja /makandʒa/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | bajiʼ /ˈbadʒiʔ/ |
| Mpya | baʼru /baʔru/ | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | baꞌgu /baʔɡu/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | taheta /taheta/ | beru /ˈberu/ |
| Nyekundu | mararang /mararaŋ/ | mamea /mamea/ | cella /tʃəlːa/ | pula /puˈla/ | rara /rara/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ | eja /eja/ |
| Nyeupe | mabusa /mabusa/ | mapute /mapute/ | puté /pute/ | maputiꞌ /mapuˈtiʔ/ | bontar /bontar/ | baputi /baputi/ | keboʼ /keboʔ/ |
| Nyeusi | malotong /malotoŋ/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | lotong /lotoŋ/ | itum /ʔiˈtum/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | babilem /babiləm/ | leʼleng /leʔleŋ/ |
| Kijani | maido /maido/ | mekurarraq /mekurarːaʔ/ | kudara /kudara/ | gaddung /ɡadduŋ/ | rata /rata/ | bahijau /bahidʒau/ | moncong bulo /moɲtʃoŋ bulo/ |
| Buluu | lango-lango /laŋolaŋo/ | magavu /maɡavu/ | gawu /ɡawu/ | bilu /biˈlu/ | rata langit /rata laŋit/ | biru /biru/ | gauʼ /ɡauʔ/ |
| Kompyuta | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsusi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /suˈsi/ |
| Chai | teh | — | — | tī /tiː/ | — | teh /teh/ | te /te/ |
| Kahawa | kopi | — | kopi /kopi/ | kahawa /kahawa/ | — | kopi /kopi/ | kopi /ˈkopi/ |
| 99 | kasera pulona ngkasera /kasera pulona ŋkasera/ | — | aséra pulona aséra /asera pulona asera/ | kasiyaman tagsiyam /kasijaman taɡsijam/ | sambilan pulu sambilan /sambilan pulu sambilan/ | jalatien puluh jalatien /dʒalatien puluh dʒalatien/ | salapampulo assalapang /salapampulo asːalapaŋ/ |
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