Xapagí
Kipirahã
Mura (isolate)
Kipirahã ni maarufu katika isimu kwa sababu ya sifa zake za kityipolojia za kupita kiasi: hakuna vifungu vilivyoingizwa, hakuna nambari sahihi (ni "kichache" na "kingi" tu), hakuna maneno ya rangi, na hakuna nyakati za kisarufi za mtindo wa Ulaya. Uchambuzi wa Daniel Everett umechochea mjadala mkubwa kuhusu sarufi ya jumla.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kipirahã
Vyanzo
- Everett, Daniel L. 1983, A Língua Pirahã e a Teoria da Sintaxe (PhD thesis, UNICAMP), Pirahã wordlist in the practical orthography as given in Johansson, Niklas Erben et al. 2020 sound-symbolism dataset (lexibank/johanssonsoundsymbolic, source everett1983a); ASJP PIRAHA (Sheldon) for confirmation
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Mura (isolate)
| Maana | Kipirahã | Kiyuchi | Proto-Maya | Kimakasae | Kineko | Kitotonaki cha Coyutla | Kipyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | pií /pií/ | tse /tse/ | *haʔ /haʔ/ | ira /ˈira/ | wai /wai/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | tduṃ /t.du(j)/ |
| Moto | hoaí /hoaí/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | ata /ˈata/ | titɛ /titɛ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | — /—/ |
| Jua | hisí /hisí/ | tso /tso/ | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | aatʌ /aːtʌ/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | kaháíxáii /kaháíʔáii/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | *uːh /uːh/ | uru /ˈuru/ | — /—/ | papá /papá/ | — /—/ |
| Nyota | — /—/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | *eʼq /eʼq/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | kumba /kumba/ | staku /staku/ | — /—/ |
| Usiku | xahoái /ʔahoái/ | pado /pado/ | *aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | — /—/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | — /—/ |
| Mvua | pii /pii/ | — | *nhabʼ /ŋaɓ/ | ae /ae/ | wai /wai/ | sin /sin/ | — |
| Upepo | xohói /ʔohói/ | — | *ʔiʔqʼ /ʔiʔqʼ/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | — | uún /uún/ | — |
| Udongo | bigí /biɡí/ | — | *chʼohchʼ /tʃʼohtʃʼ/ | maa /maa/ | — | tíyat /tíjat/ | — |
| Jiwe | xaxái /ʔaʔái/ | — | *ʔaʔbʼaj /ʔaʔbʼaj/ | apa /ˈapa/ | — | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | — |
| Bahari | piigiotigai /piiɡiotiɡai/ | — | — | meti /meti/ | — | pupunú /pupunú/ | — |
| Mama | baíxi /baíʔi/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | *naʔ /naʔ/ | ina /ˈina/ | — /—/ | tzí /tsí/ | — /—/ |
| Baba | baíxi /baíʔi/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | *taat /taat/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | — /—/ | tlat /tɬat/ | — /—/ |
| Binti | hoísai /hoísai/ | — | — | — | — | tsumat /tsumat/ | — |
| Mimi | ti /ti/ | di /di/ | *in /in/ | ani /ani/ | na /na/ | akit /akit/ | gaṁḥ /gä(j)H/ |
| Wewe | gixai /ɡiʔai/ | tse /tse/ | *ʔat /ʔat/ | ai /ai/ | ga /ɡa/ | wix /wiʃ/ | — /—/ |
| Sisi | tiatiso /tiatiso/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | — /—/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | — /—/ | akinín /akinín/ | — /—/ |
| Jina | karí /karí/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | *bʼih /bʼih/ | nai /nai/ | iwi /iwi/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | rmiṅ· /r.miŋ/ |
| Kichwa | xapapai /ʔapapai/ | — | — | dae /dae/ | pit /pit/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | — |
| Jicho | kosi /kosi/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | *Haty /hatʲ/ | nana /ˈnana/ | ta /ta/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | — /—/ |
| Sikio | xáooí /ʔáooí/ | — | *xikin /ʃikin/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | asipi /asipi/ | takgén /taqén/ | — |
| Pua | xitaoí /ʔitaoí/ | — | *nhiiʔ /ŋiːʔ/ | murikai /murikai/ | ura /ura/ | — | — |
| Mdomo | kao /kao/ | — | *tyiiʔ /tʲiːʔ/ | turukai /turuˈkai/ | mak /mak/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | — |
| Jino | aitoi /aitoi/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | *ʔeeh /ʔeːh/ | wasi /wasi/ | maati /maːti/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | — /—/ |
| Ulimi | ipopai /ipopai/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | *aaqʼ /aːqʼ/ | ipi /ipi/ | melepi /mɛlepi/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | xoái /ʔoái/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | tana /ˈtana/ | — /—/ | makán /makán/ | — /—/ |
| Mguu | xaaí /ʔaaí/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | *ʔooq /ʔoːq/ | iti /ˈiti/ | tar /tar/ | tantún /tantún/ | — |
| Moyo | — /—/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | naku /naku/ | — /—/ |
| Mfupa | xaí /ʔaí/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | *bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | — /—/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | ru /ru(C)/ |
| Damu | biipai /biipai/ | wi /wi/ | *kikʼ /kikʼ/ | wai /wai/ | — /—/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | xií /ʔií/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | *teʔ /teʔ/ | ate /ˈate/ | tei /tei/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | giopaíxi /ɡiopaíʔi/ | dzene /dzene/ | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | gonʌ /ɡonʌ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | xowí /ʔowí/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | tíxisi /tíʔisi/ | shu /ʃu/ | *kar /kar/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | nom /nom/ | skiti /skiti/ | — /—/ |
| Ndege | piibigi /piibiɡi/ | — | *tzʼikin /tzʼikin/ | asa /ˈasa/ | nuŋ /nuŋ/ | spun /spun/ | — |
| Kipepeo | sibíoí /sibíoí/ | — | *pehpen /pehpen/ | — | — | — | — |
| Yai | sitoí /sitoí/ | — | — | waa /waa/ | — | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | — |
| Nyumba | kaiíi /kaiíi/ | yufa /jufa/ | *nah /nah/ | oma /ˈoma/ | — /—/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | — /—/ |
| Maziwa | xíbogi /ʔíboɡi/ | — | — | amirae /amiˈrae/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | — |
| Asali | xaáhái /ʔaáhái/ | — | *kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | — | — | táxkat /táʃkat/ | — |
| Mchele | xahóikasí /ʔahóikasí/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kula | xohoái /ʔohoái/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | *waʔ /waʔ/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | nei /nei/ | wayán /waján/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | gao /ɡao/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | — /—/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | — /—/ |
| Kulala | xaití /ʔaití/ | — | *war /war/ | tae /tae/ | — | lhtata /ɬtata/ | — |
| Moja | hói /hói/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | *jun /jun/ | u /ʔu/ | — /—/ | aktum /aktum/ | taṁ /tä(k)/ |
| Mbili | hoí /hoí/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | iri /iri/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | kni /kni/ |
| Tatu | baágiso /baáɡiso/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | *ʼoxibʼ /ʔoʃiɓ/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | tabe /tabe/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | nhoḥ /n.ho(m)H/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | kapiíhií /kapiíhií/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | báaxáí /báaʔáí/ | sæle /sæle/ | *utz /utz/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | tlan /tɬan/ | ha /ha(k)/ |
| Mpya | xasí /ʔasí/ | — | *ʔa(a)kʼ /ʔakʼ/ | supa /ˈsupa/ | — | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | — |
| Nyekundu | biísi /biísi/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | *kaq /kaq/ | imiri /imiri/ | kanb /kanb/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | — /—/ |
| Nyeupe | kobiaí /kobiaí/ | — | *saq /saq/ | butiri /buˈtiri/ | — | snapapa /snapapa/ | — |
| Nyeusi | kopaíai /kopaíai/ | — | *ʔejqʼ /ʔejqʼ/ | metana /metana/ | — | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | — |
| Kijani | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | — | *raʔx /raʔʃ/ | lumuru /lumuru/ | — | — | — |
| Buluu | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | — | — | azul /azul/ | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | kapíi /kapíi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/8
Fungua ramani shirikishi: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.
Imetengenezwa na Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Mwanzo wa LangMap