Tachiwíin
Kitotonaki cha Coyutla
Totonaka
Kitotonac cha Coyutla ni mojawapo ya aina kadhaa za Kitotonac zinazozungumzwa katika milima ya Sierra de Papantla kaskazini mwa Veracruz, Mexico. Familia ya lugha za Kitotonacan ni mojawapo ya ndogo zaidi za Mesoamerica, ikiwa na Kitotonac (~250,000 jumla katika aina zote) na Kitepehua kama matawi yake mawili pekee; haina uhusiano unaoweza kuthibitishwa na familia yoyote kubwa zaidi licha ya sifa za kieneo zinazoshirikiwa na lugha jirani za Kiotomangue na Kiuto-Azteki. Wazungumzaji wa Kitotonac wanajulikana ulimwenguni kote kwa sherehe ya Voladores — wachezaji wa angani wa kitamaduni wa kiasili wanaoshuka kwa kamba kutoka nguzo ya mita 30, jambo lililoandikishwa katika Orodha Wakilishi ya Urithi wa Kitamaduni Usioshikika wa Binadamu wa UNESCO (2009). Coyutla na aina nyingine za Sierra pia huhifadhi kilimo cha jadi cha vanila, mmea uliofugwa na Watotonac ambao ulipata umuhimu wa kimataifa kupitia biashara ya kikoloni ya Kihispania.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kitotonaki cha Coyutla
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Totonaka
| Maana | Kitotonaki cha Coyutla | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kiaguacateco | Kishipibo-Conibo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ |
| Moto | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | chii /tʃiː/ |
| Jua | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | bari /bari/ |
| Mwezi | papá /papá/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ |
| Nyota | staku /staku/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ |
| Usiku | tsisní /tsisní/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohuali /jowali/ | youali /jowali/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ | yame /jamɨ/ |
| Mvua | sin /sin/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | abʼal /aɓal/ | oi /oi/ |
| Upepo | uún /uún/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | kyeqʼeqʼ /kjeqʼeqʼ/ | niwe /niwɨ/ |
| Udongo | tíyat /tíjat/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | txʼotxʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | mai /mai/ |
| Jiwe | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ | makan /makan/ |
| Mlima | kestín /kestín/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | witz /wits/ | manan /manan/ |
| Bahari | pupunú /pupunú/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyi atl /weˈji atɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | pitzʼpuj aʼ /pitsʼpuh aʔ/ | aniparo /anipaɾo/ |
| Mama | tzí /tsí/ | nana /nana/ | nanan /nanan/ | mama /mama/ | nana /nana/ | naa /naː/ | tita /tita/ |
| Baba | tlat /tɬat/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | mam /mam/ | papa /papa/ |
| Binti | tsumat /tsumat/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ |
| Mimi | akit /akit/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | in /in/ | ea /ea/ |
| Wewe | wix /wiʃ/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | mia /mia/ |
| Sisi | akinín /akinín/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | noa /noa/ |
| Jina | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaitl /tokaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | jane /hanɨ/ |
| Kichwa | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | wiʼaj /wiʔah/ | mapo /mapo/ |
| Jicho | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | bero /bɨɾo/ |
| Sikio | takgén /taqén/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | xhchin /ʃtʃin/ | pabíki /pabiki/ |
| Mdomo | kilhni /kiɬni/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | tziʼaj /tsiʔah/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ |
| Jino | tatsán /tatsán/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | eʼ /eʔ/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ |
| Ulimi | simakgat /simaqat/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | jana /hana/ |
| Mkono | makán /makán/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | mayitl /majitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ |
| Mguu | tantún /tantún/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | aqan /aqan/ | tae /taɨ/ |
| Moyo | naku /naku/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ |
| Mfupa | lúkut /lúkut/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | xao /ʂao/ |
| Damu | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | chichʼ /tʃitʃʼ/ | jimi /himi/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | noi /noi/ |
| Mti | kiwi /kiwi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | jiwi /hiwi/ |
| Mbwa | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ |
| Paka | mishtu /miʃtu/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | mizto /misto/ | misto /misto/ | mis /mis/ | mishito /miʃito/ |
| Samaki | skiti /skiti/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | kay /kaj/ | yapa /japa/ |
| Ndege | spun /spun/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | chʼuʼl /tʃʼuʔl/ | isa /isa/ |
| Yai | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ | bachi /batʃi/ |
| Dubu | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | chej /tʃeh/ | kabayo /kabajo/ |
| Nyumba | chiki /tʃiki/ | cali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | cali /kali/ | kali /kali/ | nya /ɲa/ | xobo /ʂobo/ |
| Maziwa | leche /letʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lech /letʃ/ | xoma /ʂoma/ |
| Asali | táxkat /táʃkat/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ |
| Chumvi | mátzat /mátsat/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | aatzʼum /aːtsʼum/ | tashi /taʃi/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /bino/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | win /win/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Chuma | likán /likán/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | yami /jami/ |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | libro /libro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amatl /amatɬ/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | liwr /liwr/ | kirika /kiɾika/ |
| Kula | wayán /waján/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | wii /wiː/ | piti /piti/ |
| Kunywa | kgotnún /qotnún/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | uuk /uːk/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ |
| Kulala | lhtata /ɬtata/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | watl /waːtl/ | oxa /oʂa/ |
| Moja | aktum /aktum/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | jun /hun/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ |
| Mbili | aktuy /aktuj/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ |
| Tatu | aktutu /aktutu/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | oxox /oʃoʃ/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ |
| Nne | aktati /aktati/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | kyaj /kjah/ | chosko /tʃosko/ |
| Tano | kitsis /kitsis/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | pichika /pitʃika/ |
| Mia | ciento /sjento/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ | pacha /patʃa/ |
| Habari | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | niltze /niltse/ | panolti /panolti/ | pialli /pialːi/ | niltze /niltse/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ |
| Asante | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | irake /iɾake/ |
| Nzuri | tlan /tɬan/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuali /kʷali/ | balaj /balah/ | jakon /hakon/ |
| Mpya | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | akʼaj /aːkʼah/ | bena /bɨna/ |
| Nyekundu | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | kyaq /kjaq/ | joshin /hoʃin/ |
| Nyeupe | snapapa /snapapa/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | saq /saq/ | joxo /hoʂo/ |
| Nyeusi | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | wiso /wiso/ |
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