Asháninka
Arawak (Kusini, Kampa)
Kiasháninka ndiyo lugha ya Kiarawak inayozungumzwa zaidi nchini Peru na mojawapo ya lugha kuu za wenyeji za Amazoni ya Peru. Watu wa Asháninka, wenye majoho yao maalum ya kushma, ni mojawapo ya makundi ya wenyeji yenye watu wengi zaidi katika Amazoni. Kama lugha nyingine za Kiarawak, ina viambishi vya viwakilishi vya marejeleo mtambuka na mofolojia ya viainishi vya nomino. Ilinusurika mauaji ya halaiki wakati wa mzozo wa Sendero Luminoso (miaka ya 1980-90) na bado inatumika kikamilifu kati ya vizazi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Asháninka
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Arawak (Kusini, Kampa)
| Maana | Asháninka | Lugha ya Mojeño Trinitario | Kishipibo-Conibo | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kichoctaw | Kiwixarika | Kiwarao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | nija /niha/ | une /une/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | atl /atɬ/ | oka /oka/ | ha /ha/ | ho /ho/ |
| Moto | paamari /paːmaɾi/ | yuku /juku/ | chii /tʃiː/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | luak /luak/ | tai /tai/ | hekunu /hekunu/ |
| Jua | oorya /oːɾja/ | sache /satʃe/ | bari /bari/ | tonati /tonati/ | hashi /haʃi/ | tau /tau/ | ya /ja/ |
| Mwezi | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ | koje /kohe/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | hashi ninak /haʃi ninak/ | metsa /metsa/ | waniku /waniku/ |
| Nyota | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ | jreegi /hreːçi/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | fichik /fitʃik/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | kura /kuɾa/ |
| Usiku | tsiteni /tsiteni/ | yoti /joti/ | yame /jamɨ/ | youali /jowali/ | ninak /ninak/ | tikari /tikari/ | ima /ima/ |
| Mvua | inkani /iŋkani/ | tgiwo /tçiwo/ | oi /oi/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | umba /omba/ | wiyeri /wijeri/ | naha /naha/ |
| Theluji | sharaka /ʃaɾaka/ | — | — | sital set /sital set/ | oktosha /oktoʃa/ | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | — |
| Upepo | tampea /tampea/ | tektikwo /tektikwo/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | mahli /mahli/ | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | ahaka /ahaka/ |
| Udongo | kipatsi /kipatsi/ | moteji /motehi/ | mai /mai/ | tlali /tɬali/ | yakni /jaːkni/ | kwie /kʷie/ | hobahi /hobahi/ |
| Jiwe | mapi /mapi/ | mari /maɾi/ | makan /makan/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tali /ˈtali/ | tete /tete/ | hoyo /hojo/ |
| Mlima | otishi /otiʃi/ | ʼnugʼe mari /ʔnuçʔe maɾi/ | manan /manan/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | nanih /nanih/ | yemuri /jemuri/ | hota /hota/ |
| Bahari | inkajare /iŋkahaɾe/ | — | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | okhata /okhata/ | haramara /haramara/ | nabautu /nabautu/ |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | meme /meme/ | tita /tita/ | nana /nana/ | ishki /iʃki/ | nana /nana/ | dani /dani/ |
| Baba | apa /apa/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | tata /tata/ | inki /inki/ | yawe /jawe/ | dima /dima/ |
| Binti | noshinto /noʃinto/ | chicha /tʃitʃa/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | ushetik /uʃitik/ | — | ukatira /ukatiɾa/ |
| Mimi | naaka /naːka/ | nuti /nuti/ | ea /ea/ | na /na/ | ano /ano/ | nee /neː/ | ine /ine/ |
| Wewe | aviro /aβiɾo/ | piti /piti/ | mia /mia/ | ta /ta/ | chishno /tʃiʃno/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | ihi /ihi/ |
| Sisi | arori / narori /aɾoɾi / naɾoɾi/ | witi /witi/ | noa /noa/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | pishno /piʃno/ | tame /ˈtame/ | oko /oko/ |
| Jina | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ | ijare /ihaɾe/ | jane /hanɨ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | hohchifo /hohtʃifo/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | wai /wai/ |
| Mtu | atiri /atiɾi/ | ʼchane /ʔtʃane/ | joni /honi/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | hattak /hatːak/ | tewi /tewi/ | arao /aɾao/ |
| Kichwa | noito /noito/ | chuti /tʃuti/ | mapo /mapo/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | nushkobo /noʃkobo/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | kua /kua/ |
| Jicho | noki /noki/ | ugʼa /uçʔa/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | nishkin /niʃkin/ | tukite /tukite/ | mu /mu/ |
| Sikio | noyempita /nojempita/ | choka /tʃoka/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | haksobish /haksobiʃ/ | naka /naka/ | kohoko /kohoko/ |
| Pua | noirina /noiɾina/ | siri /siɾi/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | ibishakni /ibiʃakni/ | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | hikari /hikaɾi/ |
| Mdomo | novante /noβante/ | jaka /haka/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | iti /iti/ | téni /teni/ | doko /doko/ |
| Jino | nayi /naji/ | oʼe /oʔe/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | noti /noti/ | tame /tame/ | i /i/ |
| Ulimi | nene /nene/ | nene /nene/ | jana /hana/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | isunlash /isunlaʃ/ | neni /neni/ | hono /hono/ |
| Mkono | nako /nako/ | wupe /wupe/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | ibbak /ibbak/ | mama /mama/ | moho /moho/ |
| Mguu | noiti /noiti/ | iype /ijpe/ | tae /taɨ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | iyyi /ijji/ | keta /keta/ | omu /omu/ |
| Moyo | nosanto /nosanto/ | samre /samɾe/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | chunkash /tʃunkaʃ/ | iyari /ijari/ | kobe /kobe/ |
| Mfupa | tonki /tonki/ | ʼyopege /ʔʲopeçe/ | xao /ʂao/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | foni /foni/ | ume /ume/ | muhu /muhu/ |
| Damu | iraja /iɾaha/ | iti /iti/ | jimi /himi/ | estli /estɬi/ | issish /isːiʃ/ | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | hotu /hotu/ |
| Kinyesi | notia /notia/ | — | poi /poi/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | yalhki /jaɬki/ | kwita /kʷita/ | so /so/ |
| Upendo | nonintsi /nonintsi/ | emnako /emnako/ | noi /noi/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | hullo /hulːo/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | anaubu /anaubu/ |
| Mti | inchato /intʃato/ | wkugi /wkuçi/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | itti /itti/ | kiyé /kije/ | dau /daw/ |
| Mbwa | otsiti /otsiti/ | paku /paku/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | ofi /ofi/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | beroro /beɾoɾo/ |
| Paka | mishito /miʃito/ | mitsi /mitsi/ | mishito /miʃito/ | misto /misto/ | katos /katos/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mishi /miʃi/ |
| Samaki | shima /ʃima/ | jimo /himo/ | yapa /japa/ | michi /mitʃi/ | nani /nani/ | kesi /kesi/ | homakaba /homakaba/ |
| Ndege | tsimeri /tsimeɾi/ | koyre /kojɾe/ | isa /isa/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | hushi /hoʃiʔ/ | wiki /wiki/ | domu /domu/ |
| Kipepeo | tsampi /tsampi/ | — | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | hatapushik /hatapoʃik/ | kipï /kipɨ/ | warowaro /waɾowaɾo/ |
| Yai | iitsoki /iːtsoki/ | wrayʼa /wɾajʔa/ | bachi /batʃi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | akankushi /akankoʃi/ | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | ahi /ahi/ |
| Dubu | meeni /meːni/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | nita /nita/ | hutse /hutse/ | — |
| Farasi | kavayo /kaβajo/ | kwoyu /kwoju/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | issuba /issuba/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | kawayo /kawajo/ |
| Nyumba | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ | peti /peti/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | kali /kali/ | chukka /tʃukka/ | ki /ki/ | hanoko /hanoko/ |
| Maziwa | tsomitsi /tsomitsi/ | chenyomo /tʃenʲomo/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | lechi /letʃi/ | pishukchi /piʃoktʃi/ | retsi /ɾetsi/ | amiho /amiho/ |
| Asali | ija pitsi /iha pitsi/ | mopomo /moˈpomo/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | necti /nekti/ | foi bila /foi bila/ | xiete /ʃiete/ | — |
| Chumvi | tivi /tiβi/ | ʼchewe /ʔtʃewe/ | tashi /taʃi/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | hapi /hapi/ | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | bamu /bamu/ |
| Mvinyo | ovaja /oβaha/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | oka pa̱ki /oka pãki/ | winuyari /winujaɾi/ | — |
| Mchele | aroso /aɾoso/ | arusu /aɾusu/ | aros /aɾos/ | arroz /aˈros/ | onush lakchi /onoʃ laktʃi/ | — | arisi /aɾisi/ |
| Chuma | ashiro /aʃiɾo/ | gero /çeɾo/ | yami /jami/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | — | tepɨa /tepɨa/ | — /—/ |
| Kitabu | sankenarentsi /saŋkenaɾentsi/ | — | kirika /kiɾika/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | holisso /holisso/ | xapa /ʃapa/ | karata /kaɾata/ |
| Kula | noyaki /nojaki/ | niko /niko/ | piti /piti/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | impa /impa/ | kuye /kuje/ | nahoro /nahoɾo/ |
| Kunywa | noiri /noiɾi/ | ero /ero/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | atli /atɬi/ | ishko /iʃko/ | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hobi /hobi/ |
| Kulala | nomai /nomai/ | imko /imko/ | oxa /oʂa/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | nusi /nosi/ | kutsu /kutsu/ | uba /uba/ |
| Moja | aparoni /apaɾoni/ | etona /etona/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | ce /se/ | achafa /atʃafa/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | hisaka /hisaka/ |
| Mbili | apite /apite/ | apina /apina/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | ome /ˈome/ | tuklo /toklo/ | huta /huˈta/ | manamo /manamo/ |
| Tatu | maava /maːβa/ | mopona /mopona/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | eyi /ejiː/ | tuchchina /totʃːina/ | haika /haika/ | dihanamo /dihanamo/ |
| Nne | otsipasati /otsipasati/ | — | chosko /tʃosko/ | nahui /naːwi/ | ushta /oʃta/ | nauka /nauka/ | orabakaya /oɾabakaja/ |
| Tano | apapacoroni /apapakoɾoni/ | — | pichika /pitʃika/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | tahlápi /taɬaːpi/ | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | mohabasi /mohabasi/ |
| Habari | aviro /aβiɾo/ | pejamikpo /pehaˈmikpo/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | niltze /niltse/ | halito /halito/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | yakerara /jakeɾaɾa/ |
| Asante | naranki /naɾaŋki/ | rusrupaya /ɾusɾuˈpaja/ | irake /iɾake/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | yakoke /jakoke/ | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | kase /kase/ |
| Nzuri | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ | tyuri /curi/ | jakon /hakon/ | kuali /kʷali/ | chukma /tʃukma/ | waxa /waʃa/ | yakera /jakeɾa/ |
| Mpya | iroakera /iɾoakeɾa/ | ʼrajru /ʔɾahɾu/ | bena /bɨna/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | himona /himona/ | hekwa /hekʷa/ | hido /hido/ |
| Nyekundu | kitioncari /kitionkaɾi/ | titsi /titsi/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | homma /homːa/ | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | símo /ˈsimo/ |
| Nyeupe | kitamaari /kitamaːɾi/ | tjopu /thopu/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | istak /istak/ | tohbi /tohbi/ | tuxame /tuʃame/ | hoko /hoko/ |
| Nyeusi | potsitari /potsitaɾi/ | siso /siso/ | wiso /wiso/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | lusa /losa/ | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | ana /ana/ |
| Kijani | kenashi /kenaʃi/ | jeʼchu /heʔtʃu/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | okchamali /oktʃamali/ | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | hebuɾa /hebuɾa/ |
| Kekeo | tsiya /ˈtsija/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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