Onoñdaʼgegáʼ nigaweñoʼdeñʼ
Onondaga
Kiiroquois (Kaskazini, Mataifa Matano)
Kionondaga (Onoñda’gegá’; ISO 639-3: ono) ni lugha ya Kiiroquoian cha Kaskazini ya Taifa la Onondaga, mojawapo ya mataifa ya Shirikisho la Haudenosaunee, na hutumiwa katikati mwa New York na katika Six Nations of the Grand River, Ontario. Wamebaki wazungumzaji fasaha wapatao 50, wengi wao wazee, hivyo lugha iko katika hatari kubwa sana ya kutoweka, ingawa wanajamii wanaijifunza kama lugha ya pili. Kionondaga ni lugha ya usanisi mwingi inayotawaliwa na kitenzi: vitenzi hubeba viambishi awali vya viwakilishi na viambishi tamati vya hali ya tendo na vinaweza kuingiza mizizi ya nomino, huku mpangilio wa vipashio ukiwa huru kwa kiasi. Tahajia za jamii zenye msingi wa Kilatini hutumia apostrofi kwa kizuiwa koo, ñ kwa unazali, nukta ya kati kwa urefu wa vokali na alama ya akuti kwa mkazo. Lugha bado ni kiini cha sherehe, sheria na maisha ya umma; Taifa la Onondaga lilifungua Kituo maalumu cha Lugha mwaka 2011, na madarasa, rekodi, kamusi na shughuli za uzamishaji huimarisha urithishaji wake.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Onondaga
Vyanzo
- Woodbury, Hanni (2003), Onondaga-English/English-Onondaga Dictionary, University of Toronto Press; Woodbury, Hanni (2018), A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto Press (both via en.wiktionary Onondaga lemmas)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiiroquois (Kaskazini, Mataifa Matano)
| Maana | Onondaga | Cayuga | Kimohawk | Kioneida | Tuscarora | Kikoyukon | Kiwichita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | too /toː/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ |
| Moto | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | kkunʼ /kːunʔ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ |
| Jua | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | so /so/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ |
| Mwezi | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ɛ̃hníʔdaːʔ/ | ehníta /ehníːta/ | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | dołtʼolee /doɬtʼoliː/ | waːh /waːh/ |
| Nyota | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | tłoonʼ /tɬoːnʔ/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ |
| Usiku | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | łida /ɬida/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ |
| Theluji | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | óniehte /ónjehte/ | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | — | tseetl /tsʰiːtɬʰ/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ |
| Upepo | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | — | — | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ |
| Mama | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | istá /istá/ | aknulha /aknũlha/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | eenaa /iːnaː/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ |
| Baba | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | — /—/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | eetaa /iːtaː/ | taːtah /taːtah/ |
| Binti | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | — | — | — |
| Mimi | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | see /siː/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ |
| Wewe | is /is/ | i:s /iːs/ | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | isé /isé/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | ninh /ninh/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ |
| Sisi | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jina | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | oos /oːs/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ |
| Mtu | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | ukwé /ũkwé/ | — | dinaa /dinaː/ | ihaas /ihaas/ |
| Jicho | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | okà:raʼ /okàːraʔ/ | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | -noghaʼ /noɣaʔ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ |
| Sikio | ohų́hdaʼ /ohṹhdaʔ/ | — | ohónhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohúhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Jino | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | aghoʼ /aɣoʔ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ |
| Ulimi | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | łolaʼ /ɬolaʔ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ |
| Mkono | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | -loʼ /loʔ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ |
| Mguu | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | -kkaaʼ /kːaːʔ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ |
| Moyo | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | -dzaayaʼ /tsaːjaʔ/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ |
| Mfupa | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | tlʼinh /tɬʼinh/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ |
| Damu | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | lakkona /lakːona/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ |
| Upendo | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | kʼoonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | kalu:tóteʼ /kalũːtóteʔ/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | kʼeyh /kʼejh/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ |
| Mbwa | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | érhar /érhar/ | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ |
| Paka | takó:s /takóːs/ | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takò:s /takòːs/ | takóhs /takóhs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | dotonh /dotonh/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | tookkʼa /toːkʼa/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ |
| Ndege | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | — | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ |
| Yai | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | — | — | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ |
| Farasi | gohsádę·s /ɡohsádɛ̃ːs/ | — | akohsá:tens /akohsáːtʌ̃s/ | kohsa:tʌ́s /kohsaːtʌ̃́s/ | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | kanúhsote /kanṹhsote/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | yah /jah/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ |
| Kula | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | í:keks /íːɡeks/ | — /—/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | kʼahonh /kʼahonh/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ |
| Kunywa | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | kahnek /kahnek/ | — /—/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | kʼisinoonh /kʼisinoːnh/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ |
| Moja | sgá:da /skáːda/ | sgá:t /skáːt/ | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | úskah /ṹskah/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | kʼeetakkʼee /kʼiːtakʼiː/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ |
| Mbili | dégni /déɡni/ | dekní: /dekníː/ | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | tékni /tékni/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | niteekkʼee /nitiːkʼiː/ | wic /wits/ |
| Tatu | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | tokkʼee /tokʼiː/ | taw /taw/ |
| Nne | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | géi /ɡéi/ | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | kayé: /kajéː/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | — | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ |
| Tano | hwíks /hwíks/ | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wisk/ | — | — |
| Habari | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | she:kú /sheːkṹ/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | baaseeʼ /baːseːʔ/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | ioiánere /jojánere/ | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | nizoonh /nizoːnh/ | acs /atss/ |
| Nyekundu | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | nełtseeyh /neɬtseːjh/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ |
| Nyeupe | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | karà:ken /kaɾàːken/ | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | — | — | — |
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