sahsisk
Kisaxon cha kale
Familia ya Kihindi-Ulaya (Kijerumani cha Magharibi, Kijerumani cha Chini, Kisaksoni cha Kale) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Kisaxon cha kale (Kijerumani cha chini cha kale) ni umbo la kale zaidi la maandishi la Kijerumani cha chini, na kinatofautishwa na Kijerumani cha juu cha kale kwa kuwa hakikupita mabadiliko ya konsonanti za Kijerumani cha juu. Kazi yake muhimu zaidi ni "Heliand" (takriban 830), shairi la kishujaa la mistari yapata 6000 lenye uhusiano wa konsonanti za awali, linaloeleza upya hadithi za Injili — mojawapo ya kazi ndefu zaidi katika lugha za awali za Kijerumani.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kisaxon cha kale
Vyanzo
- Cathey (2002) Hêliand: Text and Commentary
- Holthausen (1900) Altsächsisches Elementarbuch
- Glottolog: olds1239
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Familia ya Kihindi-Ulaya (Kijerumani cha Magharibi, Kijerumani cha Chini, Kisaksoni cha Kale)
| Maana | Kisaxon cha kale | Kijerumani cha juu cha kale | Kifrisia cha Kale | Kiingereza cha Kale | Kijerumani cha juu cha kati | Kiingereza cha Kati | Kigothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | watar /ˈwatar/ | wazzar /ˈwatsar/ | wetir /wetir/ | wæter /wæter/ | wazzer /ˈwatser/ | water /watər/ | 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 /wɑtoː/ |
| Moto | fiur /fiur/ | fiur /fiur/ | fiur /fjuːɾ/ | fȳr /fyːr/ | viur /viur/ | fyr /fyːr/ | 𐍆𐍉𐌽 /foːn/ |
| Jua | sunna /ˈsunːa/ | sunna /ˈsunna/ | sunne /sunːe/ | sunne /sunːe/ | sunne /ˈzunːə/ | sonne /sɔnːə/ | 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 /sunːoː/ |
| Mwezi | māno /ˈmaːno/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | mōna /moːnɑ/ | mōna /moːnɑ/ | mâne /ˈmaːnə/ | mone /moːnə/ | 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 /meːnɑ/ |
| Nyota | sterro /ˈsterro/ | sterno /ˈsterno/ | stera /ˈstɛra/ | steorra /ˈsteorːɑ/ | sterne /ˈstɛrnə/ | sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 /stɛrnoː/ |
| Usiku | naht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | nacht /naxt/ | niht /niçt/ | naht /naxt/ | night /nixt/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 /naxts/ |
| Mvua | regan /reɣan/ | regan /ˈreɡan/ | rein /rɛin/ | regn /rejn/ | regen /ˈreɡən/ | reyn /rɛin/ | 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽 /riɡn/ |
| Theluji | snēo /ˈsneːo/ | snēo /sneːo/ | snē /sneː/ | snāw /snɑːw/ | snē /sneː/ | snow /snɔu/ | 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 /snɛːws/ |
| Upepo | wind /wind/ | wint /wint/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wint /wɪnt/ | wind /wind/ | 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 /winds/ |
| Udongo | ertha /erθa/ | erda /ˈɛrda/ | irthe /irθe/ | eorðe /eorðe/ | erde /ˈɛrdə/ | erthe /ɛrθə/ | 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 /ɛrθa/ |
| Jiwe | stēn /steːn/ | stein /stein/ | stēn /steːn/ | stān /stɑːn/ | stein /stɛin/ | ston /stɔːn/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /stɛːns/ |
| Mlima | berg /berɡ/ | berg /berɡ/ | berch /berx/ | beorg /beorɡ/ | berc /bɛrk/ | mountayne /ˈmuːntain/ | 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 /ˈfɛrɡuni/ |
| Bahari | seo /ˈseːo/ | meri /ˈmeri/ | sē /seː/ | sǣ /sæː/ | mer /mɛr/ | see /sɛː/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 /ˈmareː/ |
| Mama | modar /ˈmoːdar/ | muoter /ˈmuotɛr/ | moder /moːdeɾ/ | mōdor /moːdor/ | muoter /ˈmuoːtər/ | moder /moːdər/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 /aiθiː/ |
| Baba | fader /ˈfadər/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | feder /fedeɾ/ | fæder /fæder/ | vater /ˈfatər/ | fader /faːdər/ | 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 /ɑtːɑ/ |
| Binti | dohtar /ˈdoxtar/ | tohter /ˈtoxtɛr/ | dochter /ˈdoxteɾ/ | dohtor /ˈdoxtor/ | tohter /ˈtoxtər/ | doughter /ˈdouxtər/ | 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 /dɔːhtar/ |
| Mimi | ik /ik/ | ih /ix/ | ik /ik/ | ic /itʃ/ | ich /ix/ | I /iː/ | 𐌹𐌺 /ik/ |
| Wewe | thu /θuː/ | du /duː/ | thū /θuː/ | þū /θuː/ | dû /duː/ | thou /θuː/ | 𐌸𐌿 /θuː/ |
| Sisi | wī /wiː/ | wir /wir/ | wī /wiː/ | wē /weː/ | wir /wir/ | we /weː/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 /wiːs/ |
| Jina | namo /ˈnamo/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | nama /ˈnama/ | nama /ˈnɑma/ | name /ˈnamə/ | name /ˈnaːmə/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 /nɑmoː/ |
| Mtu | man /man/ | mennisco /ˈmenːisko/ | manniska /ˈmanːiska/ | mann /mɑnn/ | mensch /mɛnʃ/ | man /man/ | 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 /ˈmanːa/ |
| Kichwa | hōbid /ˈhoːβid/ | houbit /ˈhoubit/ | hāved /ˈhaːved/ | hēafod /ˈhæːɑvod/ | houbet /ˈhoubət/ | hed /hɛːd/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 /ˈhɔːβiθ/ |
| Jicho | ōga /ˈoːɡa/ | ouga /ˈouɡa/ | āge /aːɣe/ | ēage /æːɑɣe/ | ouge /ˈouɡə/ | eye /iːə/ | 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 /ɑuɣoː/ |
| Sikio | ōra /ˈoːra/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | are /ˈaːrə/ | ēare /æːɑre/ | ōre /ˈoːrə/ | ere /ɛːrə/ | 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 /ˈau̯soː/ |
| Pua | nasa /nasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | nose /nozə/ | nosu /nozu/ | nase /nazə/ | nose /nɔːzə/ | — |
| Mdomo | mūth /muːθ/ | mund /munt/ | mūth /muːθ/ | mūþ /muːθ/ | munt /munt/ | mouth /muːθ/ | 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 /munθs/ |
| Jino | tand /tand/ | zand /tsand/ | tōth /toːθ/ | tōþ /toːθ/ | zan /tsan/ | tooth /toːθ/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 /tunθus/ |
| Ulimi | tunga /ˈtuŋɡa/ | zunga /ˈtsuŋɡa/ | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | zunge /ˈtsuŋɡə/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋɡə/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 /tuŋɡoː/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hant /hant/ | hond /hond/ | hand /hɑnd/ | hant /hant/ | hand /hand/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 /hɑndus/ |
| Mguu | fōt /foːt/ | fuoz /fuo̯s/ | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | vuoz /ˈvuo̯s/ | fot /foːt/ | 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 /foːtus/ |
| Moyo | herta /ˈherta/ | herza /ˈhertsa/ | herte /heɾte/ | heorte /ˈheorte/ | herze /ˈhertsə/ | herte /hɛrtə/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 /hɛrtoː/ |
| Mfupa | bēn /beːn/ | bein /bein/ | bēn /beːn/ | bān /bɑːn/ | bein /bein/ | bon /bɔːn/ | — /—/ |
| Damu | blōd /bloːd/ | bluot /bluot/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | bluot /bluot/ | blood /bloːd/ | 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 /bloːθ/ |
| Upendo | minnea /ˈminːea/ | minna /ˈminna/ | minne /minːe/ | lufu /luvu/ | minne /ˈminːə/ | love /ˈluvə/ | 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 /friɑθwɑ/ |
| Mti | bōm /boːm/ | boum /boum/ | bām /baːm/ | trēow /treːow/ | boum /boum/ | tre /treː/ | 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 /bɑɣms/ |
| Mbwa | hund /hund/ | hunt /hunt/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hunt /hunt/ | hound /huːnd/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 /hunds/ |
| Paka | katta /ˈkatːa/ | kazza /ˈkatsa/ | katte /katːe/ | catt /kɑtt/ | katze /ˈkatsə/ | catte /katːə/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | fisk /fisk/ | fisc /fisk/ | fisk /fisk/ | fisc /fisk/ | visch /viʃ/ | fisch /fiʃ/ | 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 /fisks/ |
| Ndege | fugal /ˈfuɡal/ | fogal /ˈfoɡal/ | fugel /ˈfuɡəl/ | fugol /ˈfuɣol/ | vogel /ˈfoɡəl/ | brid /brid/ | 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 /fuɡls/ |
| Kipepeo | fīfoldara /ˈfiːfoldara/ | fifaltra /ˈfifaltra/ | — | butorflēoge /ˈbutorfleːoɣe/ | vīvalter /ˈfiːfalter/ | buterflie /ˈbutərfliː/ | — |
| Yai | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ǣġ /æːj/ | ei /ɛi/ | ey /ɛiː/ | — |
| Dubu | bero /ˈbero/ | bero /ˈbero/ | — | bera /ˈbera/ | ber /bɛr/ | bere /ˈbɛːrə/ | — |
| Farasi | hros /hros/ | ros /ros/ | hors /hors/ | hors /hors/ | ros /rɔs/ | hors /hɔrs/ | — |
| Nyumba | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hûs /huːs/ | hous /huːs/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌽 /rɑzn/ |
| Maziwa | miluk /ˈmiluk/ | miluh /ˈmilux/ | melok /ˈmelok/ | meoluc /ˈmeoluk/ | milch /milç/ | milk /milk/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 /miluks/ |
| Asali | huneg /ˈhunɛɣ/ | honag /ˈhonaɡ/ | hunich /ˈhunix/ | hunig /ˈhunij/ | honec /ˈhonɛk/ | hony /ˈhɔni/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 /miliθ/ |
| Chumvi | salt /salt/ | salz /salts/ | salt /salt/ | sealt /sæɑlt/ | salz /salts/ | salt /salt/ | 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 /salt/ |
| Mvinyo | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /viːn/ | wyn /wiːn/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 /wiːn/ |
| Chuma | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | īsen /ˈiːzən/ | iren /ˈiːrən/ | 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 /iːsarn/ |
| Gurudumu | rath /raθ/ | rad /rat/ | hwēl /hweːl/ | hwēol /ˈhweːol/ | rat /rat/ | whel /hweːl/ | — |
| Kitabu | bōk /boːk/ | buoh /buox/ | bōk /boːk/ | bōc /boːk/ | buoch /buox/ | bok /boːk/ | 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 /ˈboːkoːs/ |
| Kula | etan /ˈetan/ | ezzan /ˈetsan/ | eta /etɑ/ | etan /etɑn/ | ezzen /ˈetsən/ | eten /eːtən/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 /mɑtjɑn/ |
| Kunywa | drinkan /ˈdrinkan/ | trinkan /ˈtrinkan/ | drinka /dɾinkɑ/ | drincan /drinkɑn/ | trinken /ˈtrinkən/ | drinken /ˈdrinkən/ | 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 /driŋkɑn/ |
| Kulala | slāpan /ˈslɑːpan/ | slāfan /ˈslɑːfan/ | slēpa /ˈsleːpa/ | slǣpan /slæːpɑn/ | slāfen /ˈslɑːfən/ | slepen /ˈslɛːpən/ | 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 /sleːpan/ |
| Moja | ēn /eːn/ | ein /ein/ | ān /aːn/ | ān /aːn/ | ein /ein/ | oon /oːn/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /ains/ |
| Mbili | twēne /ˈtweːne/ | zwei /tswei/ | twā /twaː/ | twā /twɑː/ | zwei /tsweɪ/ | two /twɔː/ | 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹 /twai/ |
| Tatu | thrie /θriː/ | drī /driː/ | thrē /θreː/ | þrī /θriː/ | drî /driː/ | thre /θreː/ | 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 /θriːs/ |
| Nne | fiuwar /ˈfiuwar/ | fior /fioːr/ | fiuwer /ˈfiuwer/ | fēower /ˈfeːower/ | vier /fiːr/ | four /four/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 /fidwoːr/ |
| Tano | fīf /fiːf/ | fimf /fimf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | vünf /fynf/ | fyve /fiːvə/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 /fimf/ |
| Mia | hund /hund/ | hunt /hunt/ | hundred /hundred/ | hund /hund/ | hundert /ˈhundərt/ | hundred /ˈhundrəd/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 /hund/ |
| Habari | heil /heil/ | heil /heil/ | heil /heil/ | wes hāl /wes haːl/ | gegrüezet /ɡəˈɡryːətsət/ | hail /hɛːl/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 /hails/ |
| Asante | thank /θaŋk/ | danc /daŋk/ | thank /θank/ | þanc /θɑnk/ | danc /daŋk/ | thank /θank/ | 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 /θɑŋks/ |
| Nzuri | gōd /ɡoːd/ | guot /ɡuot/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | guot /ɡuoːt/ | good /ɡoːd/ | 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 /ɡoːθs/ |
| Mpya | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | nī /niː/ | nīwe /ˈniːwe/ | niuwe /ˈniuwə/ | newe /ˈniuə/ | 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 /ˈniujis/ |
| Nyekundu | rōd /roːd/ | rōt /roːt/ | rād /raːd/ | rēad /ræːɑd/ | rôt /roːt/ | reed /reːd/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 /rɔːθs/ |
| Nyeupe | hwīt /hwiːt/ | wīz /wiːts/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /ʍiːt/ | wīz /viːts/ | whit /hwiːt/ | 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 /ʍiːts/ |
| Nyeusi | swart /swart/ | swarz /swarts/ | swart /swart/ | blæc /blæk/ | swarz /svarts/ | blak /blak/ | 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 /swarts/ |
| Kijani | grōni /ˈɡroːni/ | gruoni /ɡruoni/ | grēne /ˈɡreːne/ | grēne /ɡreːne/ | grüene /ɡryənə/ | grene /ɡreːnə/ | — |
| Buluu | blāo /blaːo/ | blāo /blaːo/ | wêden /ˈweːdən/ | hǣwen /hæːwen/ | blā /blaː/ | bleu /blɛu̯/ | — |
| Kekeo | gôk /ɡoːk/ | gouh /ˈɡou̯x/ | — | ġēac /jæːɑk/ | gouch /ˈɡou̯x/ | cuccu /ˈkukuː/ | — |
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