Aldfrysk
Kifrisia cha Kale
Kihindi-Ulaya · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Kifrisia cha Kale kilikuwa lugha ya Kijerumani cha Magharibi ya Wafrisia kutoka karibu mwaka 1100 hadi karibu mwaka 1500, babu wa kihistoria wa Kifrisia cha Magharibi cha kisasa (fy), Kifrisia cha Saterland (stq), na Kifrisia cha Kaskazini (frr). Ni lugha dada na Kiingereza cha Kale (ang) ndani ya kikundi kidogo cha Kianglo-Frisia, na uhusiano wa Kifrisia-Kiingereza ni miongoni mwa ile ya karibu zaidi ndani ya Kijerumani — Kifrisia cha Kale na Kiingereza cha Kale vinashiriki Ung'aaji wa pili wa Kianglo-Frisia (umlaut ya mbele), upotevu wa nazali ya Kijerumani cha Magharibi kabla ya fonimu za msuguano, na vipengele vingi vya msamiati. Kimejengwa upya hasa kutoka kanuni ya sheria ya Skeltana-Riucht na hati nyingine za enzi za kati. Baada ya mwishoni mwa karne ya 15, Kifrisia cha Kale kiliibuka taratibu kuwa Kifrisia cha Kati kisha aina za Kifrisia za kisasa.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kifrisia cha Kale
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Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kihindi-Ulaya
| Maana | Kifrisia cha Kale | Kisaxon cha kale | Kiingereza cha Kale | Kiingereza cha Kati | Kijerumani cha juu cha kale | Kigothi | Kiswidi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | wetir /wetir/ | watar /ˈwatar/ | wæter /wæter/ | water /watər/ | wazzar /ˈwatsar/ | 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 /wɑtoː/ | vatten /vatːɛn/ |
| Moto | fiur /fjuːɾ/ | fiur /fiur/ | fȳr /fyːr/ | fyr /fyːr/ | fiur /fiur/ | 𐍆𐍉𐌽 /foːn/ | eld /ɛld/ |
| Jua | sunne /sunːe/ | sunna /ˈsunːa/ | sunne /sunːe/ | sonne /sɔnːə/ | sunna /ˈsunna/ | 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 /sunːoː/ | sol /suːl/ |
| Mwezi | mōna /moːnɑ/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | mōna /moːnɑ/ | mone /moːnə/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 /meːnɑ/ | måne /moːnɛ/ |
| Nyota | stera /ˈstɛra/ | sterro /ˈsterro/ | steorra /ˈsteorːɑ/ | sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ | sterno /ˈsterno/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 /stɛrnoː/ | stjärna /ˈɧæːɳa/ |
| Usiku | nacht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | niht /niçt/ | night /nixt/ | naht /naxt/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 /naxts/ | natt /natː/ |
| Mvua | rein /rɛin/ | regan /reɣan/ | regn /rejn/ | reyn /rɛin/ | regan /ˈreɡan/ | 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽 /riɡn/ | regn /rɛŋn/ |
| Theluji | snē /sneː/ | snēo /ˈsneːo/ | snāw /snɑːw/ | snow /snɔu/ | snēo /sneːo/ | 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 /snɛːws/ | snö /snøː/ |
| Upepo | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wint /wint/ | 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 /winds/ | vind /vɪnd/ |
| Udongo | irthe /irθe/ | ertha /erθa/ | eorðe /eorðe/ | erthe /ɛrθə/ | erda /ˈɛrda/ | 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 /ɛrθa/ | jord /juːrd/ |
| Jiwe | stēn /steːn/ | stēn /steːn/ | stān /stɑːn/ | ston /stɔːn/ | stein /stein/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /stɛːns/ | sten /steːn/ |
| Mlima | berch /berx/ | berg /berɡ/ | beorg /beorɡ/ | mountayne /ˈmuːntain/ | berg /berɡ/ | 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 /ˈfɛrɡuni/ | berg /bærj/ |
| Bahari | sē /seː/ | seo /ˈseːo/ | sǣ /sæː/ | see /sɛː/ | meri /ˈmeri/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 /ˈmareː/ | hav /hɑːv/ |
| Mama | moder /moːdeɾ/ | modar /ˈmoːdar/ | mōdor /moːdor/ | moder /moːdər/ | muoter /ˈmuotɛr/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 /aiθiː/ | mamma /mamːa/ |
| Baba | feder /fedeɾ/ | fader /ˈfadər/ | fæder /fæder/ | fader /faːdər/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 /ɑtːɑ/ | pappa /papːa/ |
| Binti | dochter /ˈdoxteɾ/ | dohtar /ˈdoxtar/ | dohtor /ˈdoxtor/ | doughter /ˈdouxtər/ | tohter /ˈtoxtɛr/ | 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 /dɔːhtar/ | dotter /ˈdɔtːɛr/ |
| Mimi | ik /ik/ | ik /ik/ | ic /itʃ/ | I /iː/ | ih /ix/ | 𐌹𐌺 /ik/ | jag /jɑːɡ/ |
| Wewe | thū /θuː/ | thu /θuː/ | þū /θuː/ | thou /θuː/ | du /duː/ | 𐌸𐌿 /θuː/ | du /dʉː/ |
| Sisi | wī /wiː/ | wī /wiː/ | wē /weː/ | we /weː/ | wir /wir/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 /wiːs/ | vi /viː/ |
| Jina | nama /ˈnama/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | nama /ˈnɑma/ | name /ˈnaːmə/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 /nɑmoː/ | namn /namn/ |
| Mtu | manniska /ˈmanːiska/ | man /man/ | mann /mɑnn/ | man /man/ | mennisco /ˈmenːisko/ | 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 /ˈmanːa/ | människa /ˈmɛnːɪɧa/ |
| Kichwa | hāved /ˈhaːved/ | hōbid /ˈhoːβid/ | hēafod /ˈhæːɑvod/ | hed /hɛːd/ | houbit /ˈhoubit/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 /ˈhɔːβiθ/ | huvud /ˈhʉːvɵd/ |
| Jicho | āge /aːɣe/ | ōga /ˈoːɡa/ | ēage /æːɑɣe/ | eye /iːə/ | ouga /ˈouɡa/ | 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 /ɑuɣoː/ | öga /øːɡa/ |
| Sikio | are /ˈaːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | ēare /æːɑre/ | ere /ɛːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 /ˈau̯soː/ | öra /øːra/ |
| Pua | nose /nozə/ | nasa /nasa/ | nosu /nozu/ | nose /nɔːzə/ | nasa /nasa/ | — | näsa /ˈnɛːsa/ |
| Mdomo | mūth /muːθ/ | mūth /muːθ/ | mūþ /muːθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mund /munt/ | 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 /munθs/ | mun /mɵn/ |
| Jino | tōth /toːθ/ | tand /tand/ | tōþ /toːθ/ | tooth /toːθ/ | zand /tsand/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 /tunθus/ | tand /tand/ |
| Ulimi | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | tunga /ˈtuŋɡa/ | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋɡə/ | zunga /ˈtsuŋɡa/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 /tuŋɡoː/ | tunga /ˈtɵŋa/ |
| Mkono | hond /hond/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hɑnd/ | hand /hand/ | hant /hant/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 /hɑndus/ | hand /hand/ |
| Mguu | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | fot /foːt/ | fuoz /fuo̯s/ | 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 /foːtus/ | fot /fuːt/ |
| Moyo | herte /heɾte/ | herta /ˈherta/ | heorte /ˈheorte/ | herte /hɛrtə/ | herza /ˈhertsa/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 /hɛrtoː/ | hjärta /ˈjæʈːa/ |
| Mfupa | bēn /beːn/ | bēn /beːn/ | bān /bɑːn/ | bon /bɔːn/ | bein /bein/ | — /—/ | ben /beːn/ |
| Damu | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blood /bloːd/ | bluot /bluot/ | 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 /bloːθ/ | blod /bluːd/ |
| Kinyesi | skern /skern/ | — | tord /tord/ | tord /tord/ | mist /mist/ | 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 /ˈsmarna/ | bajs /bajs/ |
| Upendo | minne /minːe/ | minnea /ˈminːea/ | lufu /luvu/ | love /ˈluvə/ | minna /ˈminna/ | 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 /friɑθwɑ/ | kärlek /ɕæːɭɛk/ |
| Mti | bām /baːm/ | bōm /boːm/ | trēow /treːow/ | tre /treː/ | boum /boum/ | 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 /bɑɣms/ | träd /trɛːd/ |
| Mbwa | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hound /huːnd/ | hunt /hunt/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 /hunds/ | hund /hɵnd/ |
| Paka | katte /katːe/ | katta /ˈkatːa/ | catt /kɑtt/ | catte /katːə/ | kazza /ˈkatsa/ | — /—/ | katt /katː/ |
| Samaki | fisk /fisk/ | fisk /fisk/ | fisc /fisk/ | fisch /fiʃ/ | fisc /fisk/ | 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 /fisks/ | fisk /fɪsk/ |
| Ndege | fugel /ˈfuɡəl/ | fugal /ˈfuɡal/ | fugol /ˈfuɣol/ | brid /brid/ | fogal /ˈfoɡal/ | 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 /fuɡls/ | fågel /ˈfoːɡɛl/ |
| Yai | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ǣġ /æːj/ | ey /ɛiː/ | ei /ɛi/ | — | ägg /ɛɡː/ |
| Farasi | hors /hors/ | hros /hros/ | hors /hors/ | hors /hɔrs/ | ros /ros/ | — | häst /hɛst/ |
| Nyumba | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hous /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌽 /rɑzn/ | hus /hʉːs/ |
| Maziwa | melok /ˈmelok/ | miluk /ˈmiluk/ | meoluc /ˈmeoluk/ | milk /milk/ | miluh /ˈmilux/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 /miluks/ | mjölk /mjœlk/ |
| Asali | hunich /ˈhunix/ | huneg /ˈhunɛɣ/ | hunig /ˈhunij/ | hony /ˈhɔni/ | honag /ˈhonaɡ/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 /miliθ/ | honung /ˈhoːnɵŋ/ |
| Chumvi | salt /salt/ | salt /salt/ | sealt /sæɑlt/ | salt /salt/ | salz /salts/ | 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 /salt/ | salt /salt/ |
| Mvinyo | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wyn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 /wiːn/ | vin /viːn/ |
| Chuma | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | iren /ˈiːrən/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 /iːsarn/ | järn /jæːɳ/ |
| Gurudumu | hwēl /hweːl/ | rath /raθ/ | hwēol /ˈhweːol/ | whel /hweːl/ | rad /rat/ | — | hjul /juːl/ |
| Kitabu | bōk /boːk/ | bōk /boːk/ | bōc /boːk/ | bok /boːk/ | buoh /buox/ | 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 /ˈboːkoːs/ | bok /buːk/ |
| Kula | eta /etɑ/ | etan /ˈetan/ | etan /etɑn/ | eten /eːtən/ | ezzan /ˈetsan/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 /mɑtjɑn/ | äta /ɛːta/ |
| Kunywa | drinka /dɾinkɑ/ | drinkan /ˈdrinkan/ | drincan /drinkɑn/ | drinken /ˈdrinkən/ | trinkan /ˈtrinkan/ | 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 /driŋkɑn/ | dricka /drɪkːa/ |
| Kulala | slēpa /ˈsleːpa/ | slāpan /ˈslɑːpan/ | slǣpan /slæːpɑn/ | slepen /ˈslɛːpən/ | slāfan /ˈslɑːfan/ | 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 /sleːpan/ | sova /ˈsuːva/ |
| Moja | ān /aːn/ | ēn /eːn/ | ān /aːn/ | oon /oːn/ | ein /ein/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /ains/ | en /eːn/ |
| Mbili | twā /twaː/ | twēne /ˈtweːne/ | twā /twɑː/ | two /twɔː/ | zwei /tswei/ | 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹 /twai/ | två /tvoː/ |
| Tatu | thrē /θreː/ | thrie /θriː/ | þrī /θriː/ | thre /θreː/ | drī /driː/ | 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 /θriːs/ | tre /treː/ |
| Nne | fiuwer /ˈfiuwer/ | fiuwar /ˈfiuwar/ | fēower /ˈfeːower/ | four /four/ | fior /fioːr/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 /fidwoːr/ | fyra /ˈfyːra/ |
| Tano | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fyve /fiːvə/ | fimf /fimf/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 /fimf/ | fem /fɛmː/ |
| Mia | hundred /hundred/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hundred /ˈhundrəd/ | hunt /hunt/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 /hund/ | hundra /ˈhɵndra/ |
| Habari | heil /heil/ | heil /heil/ | wes hāl /wes haːl/ | hail /hɛːl/ | heil /heil/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 /hails/ | hej /hɛj/ |
| Asante | thank /θank/ | thank /θaŋk/ | þanc /θɑnk/ | thank /θank/ | danc /daŋk/ | 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 /θɑŋks/ | tack /takː/ |
| Nzuri | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | good /ɡoːd/ | guot /ɡuot/ | 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 /ɡoːθs/ | bra /brɑː/ |
| Mpya | nī /niː/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | nīwe /ˈniːwe/ | newe /ˈniuə/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 /ˈniujis/ | ny /nyː/ |
| Nyekundu | rād /raːd/ | rōd /roːd/ | rēad /ræːɑd/ | reed /reːd/ | rōt /roːt/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 /rɔːθs/ | röd /røːd/ |
| Nyeupe | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /ʍiːt/ | whit /hwiːt/ | wīz /wiːts/ | 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 /ʍiːts/ | vit /viːt/ |
| Nyeusi | swart /swart/ | swart /swart/ | blæc /blæk/ | blak /blak/ | swarz /swarts/ | 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 /swarts/ | svart /svart/ |
| Kijani | grēne /ˈɡreːne/ | grōni /ˈɡroːni/ | grēne /ɡreːne/ | grene /ɡreːnə/ | gruoni /ɡruoni/ | — | grön /ɡrøːn/ |
| Buluu | wêden /ˈweːdən/ | blāo /blaːo/ | hǣwen /hæːwen/ | bleu /blɛu̯/ | blāo /blaːo/ | — | blå /bloː/ |
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