Goídelc
Kiairishi cha kale
Kihindi-Ulaya (Kikelti, Goidelic) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Kiairishi cha kale ni hatua ya Kiairishi takriban kati ya 600 na 900, kilichohifadhiwa hasa katika maelezo ya Kilatini (Würzburg, Milan, Sankt Gallen) na maandiko ya kisheria. Maarufu kwa morfolojia changamano: mabadiliko ya konsonanti za awali za neno, makubaliano changamano ya vitenzi, na utofautisho wa aina ya ergatifu katika baadhi ya miundo.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiairishi cha kale
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kihindi-Ulaya (Kikelti, Goidelic)
| Maana | Kiairishi cha kale | Kiairishi cha kati | Kimanx | Kiayalandi | Kigaeli cha Skotlandi | Kiwelshi | Kibretoni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | usce /uske/ | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | dŵr /duːr/ | dour /duːɾ/ |
| Moto | tene /ˈtʲene/ | tene /tene/ | aile /ailʲ/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | teine /ˈtʃʰɛɲə/ | tân /tɑːn/ | tan /tɑ̃ːn/ |
| Jua | grían /ɡrian/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /ɡriən/ | grian /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/ | grian /kɾʲiən/ | haul /haɨl/ | heol /heːɔl/ |
| Mwezi | éscae /eːskai/ | ésca /eːska/ | eayst /eːst/ | gealach /ɟalˠax/ | gealach /ˈkʲal̪ˠəx/ | lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ | loar /lwaːɾ/ |
| Nyota | rétla /ˈrʲeːdla/ | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | reul /rˠeːl̪ˠ/ | seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ | steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ |
| Usiku | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | oie /ei/ | oíche /ˈiːçə/ | oidhche /ˈɤ̃ĩçə/ | nos /noːs/ | noz /noːs/ |
| Mvua | fras /fras/ | báitsech /ˈbaːtʲʃəx/ | fliaghey /ˈfljaːə/ | báisteach /ˈbˠaːʃtʲəx/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | glaw /ɡlau̯/ | glav /ɡlɑːw/ |
| Theluji | snechtae /sʲnʲexte/ | snechta /sʲnʲextə/ | sniaghtey /ˈsnʲaxðə/ | sneachta /ʃnʲaxt̪ˠə/ | sneachda /ʃɲɛxkə/ | eira /əɨra/ | erc'h /ɛrx/ |
| Upepo | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | geay /ɡjeː/ | gaoth /ɡeː/ | gaoth /kɯː/ | gwynt /ɡwɪnt/ | avel /ˈavɛl/ |
| Udongo | talam /ˈtalav/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | thalloo /ˈtalu/ | cré /cɾʲeː/ | talamh /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/ | pridd /priːð/ | douar /ˈduːar/ |
| Jiwe | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klox/ | clagh /klaːx/ | cloch /klˠɔx/ | clach /kʰl̪ˠax/ | carreg /ˈkarɛɡ/ | maen /mɛːn/ |
| Mlima | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slieau /slʲuː/ | sliabh /ʃlʲiəvˠ/ | beinn /peiɲː/ | mynydd /ˈmənɨð/ | menez /ˈmeːnɛs/ |
| Bahari | muir /murʲ/ | muir /murʲ/ | faarkey /ˈfaːrkʲə/ | farraige /ˈfˠaɾˠɪɟə/ | muir /muɾʲ/ | môr /moːr/ | mor /moːr/ |
| Mama | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /mˠɑːhəɾʲ/ | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | mam /mam/ | mamm /mɑ̃m/ |
| Baba | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | tad /tɑːd/ | tad /taːd/ |
| Binti | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | inneen /iˈneːn/ | iníon /ɪˈnʲiːn̪ˠ/ | nighean /ˈɲĩən/ | merch /mɛrx/ | merc'h /mɛrx/ |
| Mimi | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mi /mi/ | fi /viː/ | me /me/ |
| Wewe | tú /tuː/ | tú /tuː/ | oo /uː/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | thu /u/ | ti /tiː/ | te /te/ |
| Sisi | sní /snʲiː/ | sinn /sʲinʲ/ | shin /ʃin/ | muid /mˠidʲ/ | sinn /ʃiɲ/ | ni /niː/ | ni /ni/ |
| Jina | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ennym /ˈenəm/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | enw /ˈɛnu/ | anv /ˈãːno/ |
| Mtu | duine /ˈdunʲe/ | duine /dunʲe/ | peiagh /pʲaːx/ | duine /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/ | duine /ˈt̪ɯɲə/ | person /ˈpɛrsɔn/ | den /deːn/ |
| Kichwa | cenn /kʲen/ | cenn /kʲen/ | kione /kʲoːn/ | ceann /cɑːn̪ˠ/ | ceann /kʲʰãũn̪ˠ/ | pen /pɛn/ | penn /pɛn/ |
| Jicho | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /sˠuːlʲ/ | sùil /suːl/ | llygad /ɬəɡad/ | lagad /laɡat/ |
| Sikio | clúas /kluəs/ | ó /oː/ | cleaysh /klʲaːʒ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəsˠ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəs/ | clust /klɪst/ | skouarn /ˈskwarn/ |
| Pua | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sroːn/ | stroin /strɔinʲ/ | srón /sˠɾˠoːnˠ/ | sròn /s̪t̪ɾɔːn/ | trwyn /truːɨ̯n/ | fri /friː/ |
| Mdomo | gin /ɡʲin/ | bél /bʲeːl/ | beeal /biːl/ | béal /bʲeːl̪ˠ/ | beul /pial̪ˠ/ | ceg /keːɡ/ | genou /ˈɡeːnu/ |
| Jino | dét /dʲeːd/ | dét /deːd/ | feeackle /fiaxəl/ | fiacail /ˈfʲiəkəlʲ/ | fiacail /ˈfiəxkil/ | dant /dant/ | dant /dãnt/ |
| Ulimi | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | çhengey /tʃeŋə/ | teanga /ˈtʲaŋɡə/ | teanga /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/ | tafod /ˈtavɔd/ | teod /tɛwt/ |
| Mkono | lám /laːv/ | lám /laːv/ | laue /lɛːu/ | lámh /l̪ˠɑːvˠ/ | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | llaw /ɬaʊ/ | dorn /dɔɾn/ |
| Mguu | cos /kos/ | cos /kos/ | cass /kaːs/ | cos /kɔsˠ/ | cas /kʰas/ | troed /troːɨ̯d/ | troad /troat/ |
| Moyo | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cree /kɾiː/ | croí /kɾˠiː/ | cridhe /kʰɾʲiə/ | calon /kalɔn/ | kalon /kalɔ̃n/ |
| Mfupa | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | craue /kreu/ | cnámh /kn̪ˠaːw/ | cnàimh /kʰɾɛ̃ːv/ | asgwrn /ˈasɡʊrn/ | askorn /ˈaskorn/ |
| Damu | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuill /fuːl/ | fuil /fˠɪlʲ/ | fuil /ful/ | gwaed /ɡwaɨd/ | gwad /ɡwaːt/ |
| Kinyesi | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | keck /kek/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kʰaxk/ | cach /kaːx/ | kac'h /kax/ |
| Upendo | serc /serk/ | serc /serk/ | graih /ɡraːx/ | grá /ɡɾˠɑː/ | gaol /kɯːl̪ˠ/ | cariad /karjad/ | karantez /kaɾɑ̃ntes/ |
| Mti | crann /kran/ | crann /kran/ | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/ | craobh /kʰɾɯːv/ | coeden /kɔɨdɛn/ | gwezenn /ˈɡweːzɛn/ |
| Mbwa | cú /kuː/ | madra /madra/ | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /mˠɑd̪ˠɾˠə/ | cù /kʰuː/ | ci /kiː/ | ki /kiː/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | kayt /kat/ | cat /kɑt̪ˠ/ | cat /kʰaht̪/ | cath /kɑːθ/ | kazh /kaːs/ |
| Samaki | íasc /iːask/ | íasc /iːask/ | eeast /iːst/ | iasc /iəsˠk/ | iasg /iəsk/ | pysgodyn /pəsˈɡɔdɨn/ | pesk /pesk/ |
| Ndege | én /eːn/ | én /eːn/ | ushag /ˈuʒaɡ/ | éan /eːnˠ/ | eun /ian/ | aderyn /aˈdɛrɨn/ | evn /ẽːvn/ |
| Yai | og /oɣ/ | og /oɣ/ | ooh /uː/ | ubh /ʊvˠ/ | ugh /u/ | wy /uːɨ/ | vi /viː/ |
| Dubu | art /art/ | mathgamain /maθɣəvənʲ/ | maghouin /maˈɣuːnʲ/ | béar /bʲeːɾˠ/ | mathan /ˈmahan/ | arth /arθ/ | arzh /ars/ |
| Farasi | ech /ex/ | ech /ex/ | cabbyl /ˈkaːbəl/ | capall /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/ | each /ɛx/ | ceffyl /ˈkɛfɨl/ | marc'h /marx/ |
| Nyumba | tech /tʲex/ | tech /tex/ | thie /tai/ | teach /tʲax/ | taigh /tʰɤj/ | tŷ /tɨː/ | ti /tiː/ |
| Maziwa | as /as/ | as /as/ | bainney /ˈbanʲə/ | bainne /ˈbˠanʲə/ | bainne /ˈpaɲə/ | llaeth /ɬaːɨθ/ | laezh /leːs/ |
| Asali | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mill /mil/ | mil /mʲɪlʲ/ | mil /mil/ | mêl /meːl/ | mel /meːl/ |
| Chumvi | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | sollan /ˈsolan/ | salann /ˈsˠalˠən̪ˠ/ | salann /ˈs̪al̪ˠən̪ˠ/ | halen /ˈhalɛn/ | holen /ˈhoːlɛn/ |
| Mvinyo | fín /fʲiːn/ | fín /fiːn/ | feeyn /fiːn/ | fíon /ˈfʲiːn̪ˠ/ | fìon /fiən/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ |
| Chuma | íarn /iːarn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | yiarn /jaːrn/ | iarann /ˈiəɾˠən/ | iarann /ˈiərˠən̪ˠ/ | haearn /ˈheɨarn/ | houarn /ˈhuːaɾn/ |
| Gurudumu | roth /roθ/ | roth /roθ/ | queeyl /kwiːl/ | roth /ɾˠɔh/ | roth /rˠɔh/ | olwyn /ˈɔlʊɨn/ | rod /roːd/ |
| Hariri | síta /ˈsʲiːda/ | síta /ˈsʲiːdə/ | sheeidey /ˈʃiːðə/ | síoda /ˈʃiːd̪ˠə/ | sìoda /ˈʃiət̪ə/ | sidan /ˈsɪdan/ | seiz /sɛjs/ |
| Kitabu | lebor /ˈlʲeβor/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβər/ | lioar /lʲoːr/ | leabhar /ˈlʲauəɾˠ/ | leabhar /ˈʎɔəɾ/ | llyfr /ɬɪvr/ | levr /lɛvr/ |
| Kula | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ith /ɪ/ | ith /iç/ | bwyta /bʊɨta/ | debriñ /debɾĩː/ |
| Kunywa | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | ól /oːl/ | iu /juː/ | ól /oːlˠ/ | òl /ɔːl̪ˠ/ | yfed /əvɛd/ | evañ /eːvɑ̃/ |
| Kulala | con·tuili /konˈtulʲi/ | cotlaid /ˈkodləðʲ/ | cadley /ˈkaðlə/ | codail /ˈkɔd̪ˠəlʲ/ | caidil /ˈkʰatʲɪl/ | cysgu /ˈkəsɡɨ/ | kousket /ˈkuskət/ |
| Moja | oín /oːin/ | óen /oin/ | nane /nɛːn/ | aon /eːn̪ˠ/ | aon /ɯːn/ | un /ɨːn/ | unan /yːnɑ̃n/ |
| Mbili | dá /daː/ | dá /daː/ | jees /dʒiːs/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | dà /t̪aː/ | dau /daɨ/ | daou /dɔw/ |
| Tatu | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | tree /triː/ | trí /tʲɾʲiː/ | trì /tʰɾiː/ | tri /triː/ | tri /triː/ |
| Nne | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | kiare /kʲeːr/ | ceathair /ˈcahəɾʲ/ | ceithir /ˈkʲʰehiɾʲ/ | pedwar /ˈpɛdwar/ | pevar /ˈpɛːvar/ |
| Tano | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | queig /kweɡ/ | cúig /kuːɟ/ | còig /kʰoːkʲ/ | pump /pɨmp/ | pemp /pɛmp/ |
| Mia | cét /kʲeːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | keead /kʲiːd/ | céad /ceːd̪ˠ/ | ceud /kʰʲiət/ | cant /kant/ | kant /kãnt/ |
| Habari | fochen /foxʲen/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | dia duit /dʲiə d̪ˠɪtʲ/ | halò /haˈloː/ | helô /hɛˈloː/ | demat /deːmat/ |
| Asante | atlochur /atloxur/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾˠɛv mˠah aɡət̪ˠ/ | tapadh leat /tʰapə lɛt/ | diolch /diːɔlx/ | trugarez /tɾyɡaɾes/ |
| Nzuri | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | mie /maɪ/ | maith /mˠah/ | math /ma/ | da /dɑː/ | mat /maːt/ |
| Mpya | núae /ˈnuːe/ | núa /ˈnuːa/ | noa /noː/ | nua /n̪ˠuə/ | ùr /uːɾ/ | newydd /ˈnɛwɨð/ | nevez /ˈneːves/ |
| Nyekundu | derg /dʲerɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | jiarg /dʒarɡ/ | dearg /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/ | dearg /ˈtʲɛɾɛk/ | coch /koːx/ | ruz /ryːs/ |
| Nyeupe | bán /baːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bane /beːn/ | bán /bˠaːnˠ/ | geal /kʲal̪ˠ/ | gwyn /ɡwɪn/ | gwenn /ɡwɛn/ |
| Nyeusi | dub /duβ/ | dub /duβ/ | doo /duː/ | dubh /d̪ˠʊvˠ/ | dubh /t̪uh/ | du /dɨː/ | du /dyː/ |
| Kijani | glas /ɡlas/ | úaine /ˈuːənʲe/ | glass /ɡlaːs/ | glas /ɡlˠasˠ/ | uaine /ˈuəɲə/ | gwyrdd /ɡwɪrð/ | gwer /ɡwɛr/ |
| Buluu | glas /ɡlas/ | gorm /ɡorm/ | gorrym /ˈɡɔrəm/ | gorm /ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/ | gorm /ˈkɔɾɔm/ | glas /ɡlaːs/ | glas /ɡlɑːs/ |
| Kekeo | caí /kaːi/ | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cuach /kuəx/ | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | cog /koːɡ/ | koukoug /ˈkukuk/ |
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