Mayangna
Kisumo
Misumalpa
Kisumo (Mayangna) ni mojawapo ya lugha mbili za Kimisumalpan zilizosalia, dada wa Kimiskito (msu/miq). Familia ya Kimisumalpan ni familia ndogo ya lugha iliyojitenga ya Amerika ya Kati (Nikaragua, Honduras), ikijumuisha Kisumo na Kimiskito pekee kama lugha hai pamoja na aina kadhaa zilizotoweka. Watu wa Kisumo (au Mayangna, jina la asili) wamejilimbikizia katika pembetatu ya uchimbaji madini ya Bonanza-Rosita-Siuna ya Eneo Linalojitawala la Pwani ya Karibea ya Nikaragua, wakiwa na makundi madogo zaidi katika Mosquitia ya Honduras. Kiisimu, Kisumo hushiriki sifa za Kimisumalpan na Kimiskito: mpangilio wa viambajengo SOV, viambishi vya nyuma, mofolojia changamano ya vitenzi yenye watu wengi, na mfumo wa toni. Utambulisho wa Mayangna umekuwa kitovu cha uhuishaji unaoongozwa na jamii tangu miaka ya 1990, huku Shirikisho la Wenyeji la Mayangna Yamni likiunga mkono uhifadhi wa lugha.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kisumo
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Misumalpa
| Maana | Kisumo | Kihiri Motu | Kimussau-Emira | Kimotu | Kibunun | Kituvalu | Kifaiwol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | was /was/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | manu /manu/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | danum /danum/ | vai /vai/ | ok /ok/ |
| Moto | kuh /kuh/ | lahi /lahi/ | kuraa /kuraː/ | lahi /lahi/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | afi /afi/ | baal /baːl/ |
| Jua | ma /ma/ | dina /dina/ | sinaka /sinaka/ | dina /dina/ | vali /vali/ | laa /laː/ | kibel /kibel/ |
| Mwezi | waikuh /waikuh/ | hua /hua/ | ulana /ulana/ | hua /hua/ | buan /buan/ | masina /masina/ | ulup /ulup/ |
| Nyota | sirihma /siɾihma/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | katoto /katoto/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | fetū /fetuː/ | milum /milum/ |
| Usiku | pukta /pukta/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | voo /voː/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | labian /labian/ | pō /poː/ | am midla /am midla/ |
| Theluji | mukus pihni /mukus pihni/ | sinou /sinou/ | — | — | paav /paav/ | kiona /kiona/ | — |
| Upepo | wing /wiŋ/ | lai /lai/ | kuukuu /kuukuu/ | lai /lai/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | gedul /ɡedul/ |
| Udongo | sau /sau/ | tano /tano/ | kosa /kosa/ | tano /tano/ | dalah /dalah/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | bakan /bakan/ |
| Jiwe | kipala /kipala/ | nadi /ˈnadi/ | atu /atu/ | nadi /nadi/ | batu /batu/ | fatu /fatu/ | tum /tum/ |
| Mlima | asang /asaŋ/ | ororo /ororo/ | motouru /motouru/ | ororo /oɾoɾo/ | ludun /ludun/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | amgu /amɡu/ |
| Bahari | kuma /kuma/ | davara /davara/ | paamanu /paamanu/ | davara /davara/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | tai /tai/ | yol wok /jol wok/ |
| Mama | nuh /nuh/ | sina /sina/ | kina /kina/ | sinana /sinana/ | tina /tina/ | maatua /maːtua/ | anim /anim/ |
| Baba | papang /papaŋ/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | atim /atim/ |
| Mimi | yang /jaŋ/ | lau /lau/ | aghi /aɣi/ | lau /lau/ | saikin /saikin/ | au /au/ | na /na/ |
| Wewe | man /man/ | oi /oi/ | io /io/ | oi /oi/ | suu /suʔu/ | koe /koe/ | kaba /kaba/ |
| Sisi | mayang / yangna /majaŋ / jaŋna/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | ita / ami /ita / ami/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | nu /nu/ |
| Jina | pani /paˈni/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | arari /arari/ | ladana /ladana/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | win /win/ |
| Mtu | muih /muih/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | taumata /taumata/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | bunun /bunun/ | tino /tino/ | kinim /kinim/ |
| Kichwa | tuna /tuna/ | kwarana /kʷarana/ | uru /uru/ | kwara /kʷaɾa/ | bungu /buŋu/ | ulu /ulu/ | gebom /ɡebom/ |
| Jicho | nakra /nakɾa/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | nin /nin/ |
| Sikio | tapan /tapan/ | taiana /taiana/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | taiana /taiana/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | kalun /kalun/ |
| Pua | nantak /nantak/ | udubaubauna /udubaubauna/ | ngusu /ŋusu/ | udu-baubau /udubaubau/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | isu /isu/ | mutum /mutum/ |
| Mdomo | tinpas /tinpas/ | uduna /uduna/ | paa /paa/ | udu /udu/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | bon /bon/ |
| Jino | an /an/ | isena /isena/ | ngalungalu /ŋaluŋalu/ | ise /ise/ | nipun /nipun/ | nifo /nifo/ | kail /kaʔil/ |
| Ulimi | tû /tuː/ | mala /mala/ | ramuramuti paa /ramuramuti paa/ | mala /mala/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | alelo /alelo/ | falang /falaŋ/ |
| Mkono | ting /tiŋ/ | ima /ima/ | nima /nima/ | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | miim /miːm/ |
| Mguu | kal /kal/ | ae /ae/ | keke /keke/ | ae /ae/ | bantas /bantas/ | vae /vae/ | jɑn /jɑn/ |
| Moyo | mâ /maː/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | urunguita /uruŋuita/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | fatu /fatu/ | kayem /kajem/ |
| Mfupa | wakal /wakal/ | turia /turia/ | riu /riu/ | turia /turia/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | ivi /ivi/ | kun /kun/ |
| Damu | â /aː/ | rara /rara/ | rae /rae/ | rara /rara/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | toto /toto/ | kaim /kaim/ |
| Upendo | walai /walai/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | aielousi /aielousi/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | alofa /alofa/ | kunum /kunum/ |
| Mti | âu /aːu/ | au /au/ | ai /ai/ | au /au/ | kahu /kahu/ | laakau /laːkau/ | biin /biːn/ |
| Mbwa | suluk /suluk/ | sisia /sisia/ | paua /paua/ | sisia /sisia/ | asu /asu/ | kuli /kuli/ | kuyak /kujak/ |
| Paka | mistuh /mistuh/ | pusi /pusi/ | busi /busi/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | pusi /pusi/ | kit /kit/ |
| Samaki | waspa /waspa/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | kko /kːo/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | iskan /iskan/ | ika /ika/ | takam /takam/ |
| Ndege | di lawani /di lawani/ | manu /manu/ | ghila /ɣila/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | hazam /hazam/ | manu /manu/ | awon /awon/ |
| Farasi | aras /aɾas/ | hosi /hosi/ | ooso /ooso/ | hosi /hosi/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | auos /auos/ |
| Nyumba | utla /utla/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ale /ale/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | fale /fale/ | am /am/ |
| Maziwa | tāwas /taːwas/ | rata /rata/ | rarumi ssu /ɾarumi sːu/ | rata /rata/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | muk /muk/ |
| Asali | amak /amak/ | — | iruena /iɾuena/ | bada ranuna /bada ɾanuna/ | vanu /vanu/ | hani /hani/ | kin wok /kin wok/ |
| Chumvi | kuma /kuma/ | damena /damena/ | uela /uela/ | damena /damena/ | hasila /hasila/ | masima /masima/ | yol /jol/ |
| Mvinyo | wain /wain/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaeni /uaeni/ | vine ranuna /vine ɾanuna/ | — | uaina /uaina/ | wain /wain/ |
| Chuma | ayan /ajan/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | aeana /aeana/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | fiti /fiti/ | ayen /ajen/ |
| Kitabu | wauhtaya /wauhtaja/ | buka /ˈbuka/ | vuku /vuku/ | buka /buka/ | patasan /patasan/ | tusi /tusi/ | buk /buk/ |
| Kula | piru /piɾu/ | ania /ania/ | nama /nama/ | aniani /aniani/ | maun /maun/ | kai /kai/ | nemin /nemin/ |
| Kunywa | di /di/ | inua /inua/ | ropi /ropi/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | muqun /muqun/ | inu /inu/ | ok ne /ok ne/ |
| Kulala | kami /kami/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | asekanue /asekanue/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | masabah /masabah/ | moe /moe/ | akál /akɑl/ |
| Moja | as /as/ | ta /ta/ | sesa /sesa/ | ta /ta/ | tasa /tasa/ | tasi /tasi/ | makuw /makuw/ |
| Mbili | bu /bu/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | rua /rua/ | dusa /dusa/ | lua /lua/ | alew /alew/ |
| Tatu | bas /bas/ | toi /toi/ | kotolu /kotolu/ | toi /toi/ | tau /tau/ | tolu /tolu/ | alewbino /alewbino/ |
| Nne | arungka /aɾuŋka/ | hani /hani/ | ghaata /ɣaata/ | hani /hani/ | paat /paːt/ | fā /faː/ | alalew /alalew/ |
| Tano | singka /siŋka/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | ima /ima/ | hima /hima/ | lima /lima/ | auok kal /auok kal/ |
| Habari | naksa /naksa/ | namona /namona/ | elue talaua /elue talaua/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | ben kaba /ben kaba/ |
| Asante | yaisi /jaisi/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | kaili emasina /kaili emasina/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | ngam ngam /ŋam ŋam/ |
| Nzuri | pain /pain/ | namo /namo/ | masina /masina/ | namo /namo/ | masial /masial/ | lei /lei/ | kanim /kanim/ |
| Mpya | wisam /wisam/ | matamata /matamata/ | ouna /ouna/ | matamata /matamata/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | fou /fou/ | alokso /alokso/ |
| Nyekundu | bahna /bahna/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | raeraeana /raeraeana/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | kula /kula/ | kaim /kʰaim/ |
| Nyeupe | pihni /pihni/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | usousoana /usousoana/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | kena /kena/ | namal /namal/ |
| Nyeusi | sani /sani/ | korema /korema/ | voovongiena /voovoŋiena/ | koremakorema /koɾemakoɾema/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | uli /uli/ | mitik /mitik/ |
| Kijani | sangni /saŋni/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | — | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | — |
| Buluu | sangni /saŋni/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | — | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | — |
Ukurasa 1/8
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