Motu
Kimotu
familia ya Kiaustronesia (Kimalayo-Polinesia, Kioceania, Magharibi, Ncha ya Papua)
Kimotu ni lugha ya Kiaustronesia asilia ya watu wa Motu wa Mkoa wa Kati wa Papua New Guinea, iliyojikita katika vijiji vya Hanuabada karibu na Port Moresby. Umbo halisi lina wazungumzaji hai wapatao 14,000 tu, lakini Kimotu ndio chanzo cha msamiati cha Hiri Motu (hmo), lugha-mseto iliyorahisishwa iliyokuwa mojawapo ya lugha tatu rasmi za PNG. Kimotu kina mofolojia kamili ya Kiaustronesia ikijumuisha vialamisho vya nafsi ya kitenda/kitendwa, umiliki unaoweza kutengwa/usioweza kutengwa, na mfumo wa kipekee wa viwakilishi wa Kioceania, ambavyo vyote Hiri Motu iliirahisisha sana katika muktadha wa biashara ya kikoloni. Sarufi ya Lister-Turner na Clark ya mwaka 1931 bado ndiyo yenye mamlaka.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimotu
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kiaustronesia (Kimalayo-Polinesia, Kioceania, Magharibi, Ncha ya Papua)
| Maana | Kimotu | Kihiri Motu | Kifiji | Kituvalu | Kitonga | Kisamoa | Kimussau-Emira |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ranu /ɾanu/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | manu /manu/ |
| Moto | lahi /lahi/ | lahi /lahi/ | buka /mbuka/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | kuraa /kuraː/ |
| Jua | dina /dina/ | dina /dina/ | matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ | laa /laː/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | lā /laː/ | sinaka /sinaka/ |
| Mwezi | hua /hua/ | hua /hua/ | vula /βula/ | masina /masina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | māsina /maːsina/ | ulana /ulana/ |
| Nyota | hisiu /hisiu/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | kalokalo /kalokalo/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | katoto /katoto/ |
| Usiku | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | bogi /mboŋi/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | voo /voː/ |
| Mvua | medu /medu/ | medu /medu/ | uca /uða/ | ua /ua/ | ʻuha /ʔuha/ | ua /ua/ | vaoo /vaoo/ |
| Upepo | lai /lai/ | lai /lai/ | cagi /ðaŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | kuukuu /kuukuu/ |
| Udongo | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | qele /ᵑɡele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ | kosa /kosa/ |
| Jiwe | nadi /nadi/ | nadi /ˈnadi/ | vatu /vatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | maka /maka/ | maʻa /maʔa/ | atu /atu/ |
| Mlima | ororo /oɾoɾo/ | ororo /ororo/ | ulunivanua /uluniβanua/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | moʻunga /moʔuŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | motouru /motouru/ |
| Bahari | davara /davara/ | davara /davara/ | wasawasa /wasawasa/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /tahi/ | sami /sami/ | paamanu /paamanu/ |
| Mama | sinana /sinana/ | sina /sina/ | tina /tina/ | maatua /maːtua/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | tinā /tinaː/ | kina /kina/ |
| Baba | tamana /tamana/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamai /tamai/ | tamā /tamaː/ | tama /tama/ |
| Binti | natuna kekenina /natuna kekenina/ | natuna kekeni /natuna kekeni/ | luve yalewa /luβe jalewa/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | ʻofefine /ʔofefine/ | afafine /afafine/ | natuna vause /natuna vause/ |
| Mimi | lau /lau/ | lau /lau/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | aʻu /aʔu/ | aghi /aɣi/ |
| Wewe | oi /oi/ | oi /oi/ | iko /iko/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ | io /io/ |
| Sisi | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | keda / keimami /kenda / kejmami/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | kitautolu / kimautolu /kitautolu / kimautolu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | ita / ami /ita / ami/ |
| Jina | ladana /ladana/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | yaca /jaða/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | arari /arari/ |
| Mtu | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | tamata /tamata/ | tino /tino/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ | taumata /taumata/ |
| Kichwa | kwara /kʷaɾa/ | kwarana /kʷarana/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | uru /uru/ |
| Jicho | matana /matana/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | taiana /taiana/ | taiana /taiana/ | daliga /ndaliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | telinga /teliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ |
| Pua | udu-baubau /udubaubau/ | udubaubauna /udubaubauna/ | ucu /uðu/ | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | isu /isu/ | ngusu /ŋusu/ |
| Mdomo | udu /udu/ | uduna /uduna/ | gusu /ŋusu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | paa /paa/ |
| Jino | ise /ise/ | isena /isena/ | bati /mbati/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | ngalungalu /ŋaluŋalu/ |
| Ulimi | mala /mala/ | mala /mala/ | yame /jame/ | alelo /alelo/ | ʻelelo /ʔelelo/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ | ramuramuti paa /ramuramuti paa/ |
| Mkono | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | liga /liŋa/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ |
| Mguu | ae /ae/ | ae /ae/ | yava /java/ | vae /vae/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vae /vae/ | keke /keke/ |
| Moyo | kudouna /kudouna/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | uto /uto/ | fatu /fatu/ | loto /loto/ | loto /loto/ | urunguita /uruŋuita/ |
| Mfupa | turia /turia/ | turia /turia/ | sui /sui/ | ivi /ivi/ | hui /hui/ | ivi /ivi/ | riu /riu/ |
| Damu | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | dra /ndra/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | rae /rae/ |
| Kinyesi | taḡe /taɣe/ | kukuri /kukuri/ | de /nde/ | tae /tae/ | taʻe /taʔe/ | tae /tae/ | — |
| Upendo | lalokau /lalokau/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | loloma /loloma/ | alofa /alofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | aielousi /aielousi/ |
| Mti | au /au/ | au /au/ | kau /kau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | ai /ai/ |
| Mbwa | sisia /sisia/ | sisia /sisia/ | koli /koli/ | kuli /kuli/ | kulī /kuliː/ | maile /maile/ | paua /paua/ |
| Paka | gosi /ɡosi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | busi /busi/ |
| Samaki | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | iʻa /iʔa/ | kko /kːo/ |
| Ndege | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /manu/ | manumanu /manumanu/ | manu /manu/ | manupuna /manupuna/ | manu /manu/ | ghila /ɣila/ |
| Kipepeo | kaubebe /kaubebe/ | kaubebe /kaubebe/ | bēbē /ᵐbeːᵐbeː/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | kaubebe /kaubebe/ |
| Yai | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | yaloka /jaloka/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | foʻi moa /foʔi moa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | otolu /otolu/ |
| Dubu | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | bea /mbea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | beaa /beaː/ |
| Farasi | hosi /hosi/ | hosi /hosi/ | ose /ose/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | hoosi /hoːsi/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | ooso /ooso/ |
| Nyumba | ruma /ɾuma/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | vale /βale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | ale /ale/ |
| Maziwa | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | sucu /suðu/ | susu /susu/ | huʻakau /huʔakau/ | susu /susu/ | rarumi ssu /ɾarumi sːu/ |
| Asali | bada ranuna /bada ɾanuna/ | — | oni /oni/ | hani /hani/ | hone /hone/ | meli /meli/ | iruena /iɾuena/ |
| Chumvi | damena /damena/ | damena /damena/ | masima /masima/ | masima /masima/ | māsima /maːsima/ | masima /masima/ | uela /uela/ |
| Mvinyo | vine ranuna /vine ɾanuna/ | uaina /uaina/ | waini /waini/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaine /uaine/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaeni /uaeni/ |
| Mchele | raisi /raisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | laisi /laisi/ | laise /laise/ | alaisa /alaisa/ | — |
| Chuma | auri /ˈauɾi/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | kaukamea /kaukamea/ | fiti /fiti/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ | aeana /aeana/ |
| Gurudumu | ava-keikei /avakeikei/ | uili /uili/ | yava /java/ | teka /teka/ | veʻeteka /veʔeteka/ | uili /uili/ | — |
| Kitabu | buka /buka/ | buka /ˈbuka/ | ivola /ivola/ | tusi /tusi/ | tohi /tohi/ | tusi /tusi/ | vuku /vuku/ |
| Kula | aniani /aniani/ | ania /ania/ | kana /kana/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | nama /nama/ |
| Kunywa | inuinu /inuinu/ | inua /inua/ | gunu /ŋunu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | ropi /ropi/ |
| Kulala | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | moce /moðe/ | moe /moe/ | mohe /mohe/ | moe /moe/ | asekanue /asekanue/ |
| Moja | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | dua /ndua/ | tasi /tasi/ | taha /taha/ | tasi /tasi/ | sesa /sesa/ |
| Mbili | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ |
| Tatu | toi /toi/ | toi /toi/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | kotolu /kotolu/ |
| Nne | hani /hani/ | hani /hani/ | vā /vaː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | ghaata /ɣaata/ |
| Tano | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | sinahu /sinahu/ | handred /handred/ | drau /ndrau/ | selau /selau/ | teau /teau/ | selau /selau/ | kateva ai /kateva ai/ |
| Habari | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | namona /namona/ | bula /mbula/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | talofa /talofa/ | elue talaua /elue talaua/ |
| Asante | oi namo /oi namo/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | mālō /maːloː/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | kaili emasina /kaili emasina/ |
| Nzuri | namo /namo/ | namo /namo/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ | masina /masina/ |
| Mpya | matamata /matamata/ | matamata /matamata/ | vou /βou/ | fou /fou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | fou /fou/ | ouna /ouna/ |
| Nyekundu | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | damudamu /ndamundamu/ | kula /kula/ | kulokula /kulokula/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ | raeraeana /raeraeana/ |
| Nyeupe | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | vulavula /βulaβula/ | kena /kena/ | hinehina /hinehina/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ | usousoana /usousoana/ |
| Nyeusi | koremakorema /koɾemakoɾema/ | korema /korema/ | loaloa /loaloa/ | uli /uli/ | ʻuliʻuli /ʔuliʔuli/ | uliuli /uliuli/ | voovongiena /voovoŋiena/ |
| Kijani | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | drokadroka /ndrokandroka/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | lanu mata /lanu mata/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ | — |
| Buluu | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | karakarawa /karakarawa/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | — |
| Kompyuta | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | komupiuta /komupiuta/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ | — |
| Chai | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | — |
| Kahawa | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofe /kofe/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofe /kofe/ | — |
| Sukari | suga /suɡa/ | suga /suɡa/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | — |
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