Rumai
Rumai De'ang
Austroasiatic (Palaungic)
De'ang, also called Ta'ang, is an Austroasiatic language of the Palaungic branch. The De'ang nationality of China numbers about 20,000 in the 2010 census and lives in Dehong and Lincang prefectures in western Yunnan; the same people, called Ta'ang or Palaung, are far more numerous across the border in Shan State, Myanmar. Their speech falls into three main varieties that are not readily mutually intelligible: Rumai, Bulei and Raojin. This row is Rumai, recorded in Nan Sang village in Ruili, Dehong. The language has no writing system in everyday use, and the survey this row comes from records no tone, though tone has been reported for neighbouring Rumai villages; De'ang people commonly also use Dai and Chinese. The De'ang were known historically as the Benglong and were renamed at their own request in 1985. They are a tea-growing people, and a De'ang village is built around its Buddhist temple, the zangfang, which stands on the highest ground and is the village's most prominent landmark.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Rumai De'ang
Sources
- Deepadung, S. et al. — Palaung dialect survey, doculect Nan Sang (Ruili, Dehong), via lexibank/deepadungpalaung
- Glottolog: Rumai Palaung
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austroasiatic (Palaungic)
| Meaning | Rumai De'ang | Shwe Palaung | Nicaraguan Sign Language | Scythian | Tartessian | Liburnian | Iberian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Ɂəm /ʔəm/ | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fire | ŋaiɁ /ŋaiʔ/ | ŋal /ŋal/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sun | saŋaj /saŋaj/ | saŋi /saŋi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moon | pakjəː /pakjəː/ | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Star | laːw /laːw/ | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Night | kasəm /kasəm/ | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Rain | klaːj /klaːj/ | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wind | khuː /kʰuː/ | khuːr /kʰuːr/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Earth | kataːj /kataːj/ | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stone | maːw /maːw/ | mo /mo/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mountain | kɔŋ /kɔŋ/ | sor /sor/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mother | — /—/ | ma /ma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Father | — /—/ | kun /kun/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| I | Ɂaw /ʔaw/ | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| You | maj /maj/ | mi /miː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| We | — /—/ | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Name | ʨɨː /tɕɨː/ | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Person | taɁiː /taʔiː/ | bi /bi/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Head | kən /kən/ | kiŋ /kiŋ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eye | ŋaːj /ŋaːj/ | ŋai /ŋai/ | — /—/ | spou /spu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ear | ʨhok /tɕʰok/ | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nose | kaduŋmuh /kaduŋmuh/ | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mouth | mojɁ /mojʔ/ | mur /mur/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tooth | xaːŋ /xaːŋ/ | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tongue | sataɁ /sataʔ/ | kərdaʼ /kərɗaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | taiɁ /taiʔ/ | tiː /tiː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Foot | ʥɔːn /dʑɔːn/ | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Heart | poŋkanɔh /poŋkanɔh/ | nuər /nuər/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bone | kaɁaːŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | kaʼang /kaʔaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Blood | n̥aːm /n̥aːm/ | hnam /n̥aːm/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Love | — /—/ | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | taŋhɔj /taŋhɔj/ | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | sow /sow/ | sɔ /sɔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | kaː /kaː/ | ka /kaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bird | siːm /siːm/ | sim /sim/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Egg | bəːn /bəːn/ | kadam /kaɗam/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| House | — /—/ | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Eat | hoːm /hoːm/ | hɔm /hɔm/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Drink | ʨoŋ /tɕoŋ/ | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sleep | ɁiɁ /ʔiʔ/ | ʔit /ʔit/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| One | Ɂuː /ʔuː/ | ʔu /ʔu/ | — /—/ | arima /arima/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ban /ban/ |
| Two | Ɂaː /ʔaː/ | ar /ʔar/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | bi /bi/ |
| Three | Ɂoj /ʔoj/ | ʼuai /ʔuaj/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | irur /irur/ |
| Four | phon /pʰon/ | phon /pʰon/ | — | — | — | — | laur /laur/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | — /—/ | laʔ /laʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| New | tamaːj /tamaːj/ | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Red | — /—/ | kho /kho/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| White | Ɂiluj /ʔiluj/ | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Black | Ɂivɔŋ /ʔivɔŋ/ | yim /jim/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Green | niɨ /niɨ/ | ɲər /ɲər/ | — | — | — | — | — |
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