I-ñe' yiwö
Kibribri
Lugha za Chibcha
Bribri (kwa jina la kujiita I-ñe' yiwö, "lugha ya watu wangu mwenyewe") ni lugha ya Kichibcha ya tawi-dogo la Talamanca, inayozungumzwa na takriban watu wenyeji 7,000 wa Bribri katika nyanda za juu za Talamanca kusini-mashariki mwa Costa Rica na sehemu ndogo za Panama. Kiisimu, Bribri inahusiana kwa karibu zaidi na Cabécar (cjp) — lugha yake dada ya Talamanca — na kwa mbali zaidi na lugha nyingine za Kichibcha za eneo la Isthmo-Colombia. Bribri inaonyesha sifa za kawaida za Kichibcha: tofautiano za toni (chini/inayoshuka/juu), orodha isiyo ya kawaida ya sauti yenye konsonanti za retroflex na zilizolabia, mpangilio wa kisarufi wa ergative-absolutive, na ngeli za nomino kwa kuzingatia uhai. Wabribri wamedumisha utambulisho thabiti wa kitamaduni kupitia muundo wao wa ukoo wa kifuasi-mama na ushamani wa kimila (mapokeo ya awá), pamoja na juhudi kubwa za uhuishaji tangu Sheria ya Wenyeji ya Costa Rica ya 1977 ilipoanzisha ulinzi wa kimaeneo wa Bribri.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kibribri
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Lugha za Chibcha
| Maana | Kibribri | Kitotonaki cha Coyutla | Kiotomi | Ixil | Kitzeltal | Kichontal cha Tabasco | Kizapoteki cha Tlacolula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | díʼ /díʔ/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | dehe /dehe/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | nis /nis/ |
| Moto | böʼ /bøʔ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | tsibi /tsibi/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | bal /bal/ |
| Jua | diwö /diwø/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | hyadi /hjadi/ | qʼii /qʼiː/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | gubidx /ɡubidʒ/ |
| Mwezi | siʼwö /siʔwø/ | papá /papá/ | zänä /zãnã/ | ichʼ /itʃʼ/ | u /u/ | ä /æ/ | buu /buː/ |
| Nyota | bëkwö /bəkwø/ | staku /staku/ | tsøhø /tsøhø/ | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | balgui /balɡi/ |
| Usiku | nañewe /naɲewe/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | xui /ʃui/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | akʼäb /akʼɨb/ | gueel /ɡeːl/ |
| Mvua | ka̱li̱ /kãlĩ/ | sin /sin/ | däʼye /dãʔje/ | jabʼal /haɓal/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | — | nisguia /nisɡia/ |
| Theluji | mochka /motʃka/ | — | tse̲ /tsɛ/ | txuncheʼv /tʃuntʃeʔv/ | — | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | — |
| Upepo | siwa̱ʼ /siwãʔ/ | uún /uún/ | ndähi /ndãhi/ | kajiqʼ /kahiqʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | — | bi /bi/ |
| Udongo | íyök /íjøk/ | tíyat /tíjat/ | hai /hai/ | txʼavaʼ /tʃʼaʋaʔ/ | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | yiu /jiu/ |
| Jiwe | ák /ák/ | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | do /do/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ | ton /ton/ | jiʼtun /hiʔtun/ | guia /ɡia/ |
| Mlima | ka̱bata /kãbata/ | kestín /kestín/ | tʼøhø /tʼøhø/ | vitz /vits/ | wits /wits/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | dany /daɲ/ |
| Bahari | dayë /dajə/ | pupunú /pupunú/ | lamä /lamã/ | mar /mar/ | mar /mar/ | nab /nab/ | nisdoo /nisdoː/ |
| Mama | amiʼ /amiʔ/ | tzí /tsí/ | nänä /nãnã/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | xnan /ʃnan/ |
| Baba | yë́ /jə́/ | tlat /tɬat/ | dada /dada/ | baʼ /baʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | xtad /ʃtad/ |
| Binti | alà busi /ala busi/ | tsumat /tsumat/ | tʼixu /tʼiʃu/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | jixik chʼok /hiʃik tʃʼok/ | zhinyzhyap /ʒiɲʒjap/ |
| Mimi | yeʼ /jeʔ/ | akit /akit/ | nugä /nuɡã/ | in /in/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | noʼon /noʔon/ | naa /naː/ |
| Wewe | beʼ /beʔ/ | wix /wiʃ/ | nuʼi /nuʔi/ | axh /aʃ/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | neʼet /neʔet/ | liʼ /liʔ/ |
| Sisi | seʼ / saʼ /seʔ / saʔ/ | akinín /akinín/ | nugähʉ / nugähe /nuɡãhɨ / nuɡãhe/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | noʼonla /noʔonla/ | nuʼ /nuʔ/ |
| Jina | kie /kie/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | thuhu /tʰũhũ/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | laʼ /laʔ/ |
| Mtu | pëʼ /pəʔ/ | — | jäʼi /hãʔi/ | uxhchil /uʃtʃil/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | winik /winik/ | bniety /bnietj/ |
| Kichwa | wö́kir /wǿkiɾ/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | ñä /ɲã/ | viʼ /viʔ/ | jol /hol/ | pam /pam/ | guëcy /ɡəkʲ/ |
| Jicho | wöbla /wøbla/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | da /da/ | vusal /vusal/ | sit /sit/ | wich /witʃ/ | bsloo /bsloː/ |
| Sikio | kukuö̀ /kukuø/ | takgén /taqén/ | gu /ɡu/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | diaga /diaɡa/ |
| Mdomo | ajkö̀ /ahkø/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | ne /ne/ | tziʼ /tsiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | ruu /ɾuː/ |
| Jino | akà /aka/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | tsʼi /tsʼi/ | eh /eh/ | ehal /ehal/ | ej /eh/ | yalay /jalaj/ |
| Ulimi | kuʼ /kuʔ/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | jäne /hãne/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | ludxy /ludʒj/ |
| Mkono | ulà /ula/ | makán /makán/ | ʼye /ʔje/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼäb /kʼɨb/ | na /na/ |
| Mguu | klö̀ /klø/ | tantún /tantún/ | wa /wa/ | oj /oχ/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | nii /niː/ |
| Moyo | sûʼ /suʔ/ | naku /naku/ | mu̲i /mɨi/ | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | lazdoo /lazdoː/ |
| Mfupa | diché /ditʃé/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | ndoʼyo /ndoʔjo/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bak /ɓak/ | bak /ɓak/ | dxit /dʒit/ |
| Damu | pë́ /pə́/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | ji /hi/ | kaq /kaq/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | rén /ɾen/ |
| Upendo | shkö /ʃkø/ | — /—/ | mädi /mãdi/ | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | rcaaz /ɾkaːz/ |
| Mti | kál /kál/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | za /za/ | tze /tse/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | yag /jaɡ/ |
| Mbwa | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | ʼyo /ʔjo/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | wichuʼ /witʃuʔ/ | beecu /beːku/ |
| Paka | mishi /miʃi/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | mixi /miʃi/ | mees /meːs/ | mis /mis/ | ajmis /ahmis/ | mishu /miʃu/ |
| Samaki | nima /nima/ | skiti /skiti/ | hua /hwa/ | chay /tʃaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | buchʼ /butʃʼ/ | beld /beld/ |
| Ndege | dù /du/ | spun /spun/ | tsʼintsʼu̲ /tsʼintsʼɨ/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | — |
| Kipepeo | kuaʼkua /kuaʔkua/ | — | tu̲xu̲mu /tɨʃɨmu/ | naaviʼ /naːviʔ/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | ajpempem /ahpempem/ | beguidy /beɡidj/ |
| Yai | sia̱ʼ /siãʔ/ | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | mädo /mãdo/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ | tomut /tomut/ | säktokʼ /sɨktokʼ/ | — |
| Farasi | kabaio /kabaio/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | fani /fani/ | kaay /kaːj/ | kawu /kawu/ | tzimim /tsimim/ | cabay /kabaj/ |
| Nyumba | u /u/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | ngu /ŋɡu/ | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | na /na/ | otot /otot/ | yuu /juː/ |
| Maziwa | tsuʼdiö /tsuʔdiø/ | leche /letʃe/ | ʼba /ʔba/ | chʼuʼ /tʃʼuʔ/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ |
| Asali | bulali /bulali/ | táxkat /táʃkat/ | tʼafi /tʼafi/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | chab /tʃab/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — |
| Chumvi | dayë /dajə/ | mátzat /mátsat/ | u /u/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | zeidy /zeidj/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | vinu /ˈbinu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vin /vin/ |
| Mchele | àrros /aros/ | — | arros /aros/ | arus /arus/ | — | arroz /aros/ | rros /ros/ |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | sed /sed/ |
| Kitabu | ayë́jkuö /ajə́hkuø/ | libro /libro/ | he̲ʼmi /hɛʔmi/ | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | liebr /liebɾ/ |
| Kula | chkök /tʃkøk/ | wayán /waján/ | ñuni /ɲuni/ | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | rau /ɾau/ |
| Kunywa | yök /jøk/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | tsi /tsi/ | ucha /utʃa/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | re /ɾe/ |
| Kulala | kapö̀k /kapøk/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ | ähä /ãhã/ | wat /wat/ | way /waj/ | wäye /wɨje/ | rasi /ɾasi/ |
| Moja | ètöm /etøm/ | aktum /aktum/ | ʼna /ʔna/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | tuby /tubj/ |
| Mbili | bö́l /bǿl/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | yoho /joho/ | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | tiop /tiop/ |
| Tatu | mañál /maɲál/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | hñu /hɲu/ | oxvaʼl /oʃʋaʔl/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | ux /uʃ/ | chon /tʃon/ |
| Nne | tkë́l /tkə́l/ | aktati /aktati/ | goho /ɡoho/ | kajvaʼl /kahʋaʔl/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ | chan /tʃan/ | tap /tap/ |
| Tano | ske̱l /skẽl/ | kitsis /kitsis/ | kʉtʼa /kɨtʼa/ | oʼvaʼl /oʔʋaʔl/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | gai /ɡai/ |
| Mia | cien /sjen/ | ciento /sjento/ | nthebe /ntʰebe/ | oʼkʼalal /oʔkʼalal/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | cien /sjen/ | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ |
| Habari | iriʼ /iɾiʔ/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | hatsi /hatsi/ | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | padiux /padiuʃ/ |
| Asante | wëstela /wəstela/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | jamädi /hamãdi/ | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | xclen loʼ /ʃklen loʔ/ |
| Nzuri | buaʼ /buaʔ/ | tlan /tɬan/ | hño /hɲo/ | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | lek /lek/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | nazaac /nazaːk/ |
| Mpya | pa̱ʼa̱li̱ /pãʔãlĩ/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | ʼraʼyo /ʔɾaʔjo/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | tzijib /tsihib/ | cuby /kubj/ |
| Nyekundu | dölöí /døløí/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | the̲ni /tʰɛni/ | kaq /kaq/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | xnia /ʃnia/ |
| Nyeupe | saruru /saɾuɾu/ | snapapa /snapapa/ | tʼaxi /tʼaʃi/ | saj /saχ/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sæk/ | nguits /ŋɡits/ |
| Nyeusi | dalòlò /dalolo/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | ʼbo /ʔbo/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ngas /ŋas/ |
| Kijani | tsipátsipà /tsipátsipa/ | — | kʼantsʼi /kʼantsʼi/ | chaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | nga /ŋa/ |
| Buluu | siè̱ /siẽ̀/ | — | kʼangi /kʼaŋɡi/ | — | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | — |
| Chungwa | àsh balòbalo /aʃ balobalo/ | — | nanxa /nanʃa/ | — | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | aranxax /aranʃaʃ/ | — |
| 99 | dabom su̱li̱yök ki̱ su̱li̱tu /dabom sũlĩjøk kĩ sũlĩtu/ | — | — | bʼelelaval toʼkʼal /ɓelelaʋal toʔkʼal/ | — | — | — |
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