Hadzane
Kihadza
Lugha peke (or proposed Sandawe-Hadza)
Kihadza ni lugha ya pekee yenye umuhimu mkubwa, inayozungumzwa na jamii za jadi za wawindaji-wakusanyaji karibu na Ziwa Eyasi nchini Tanzania. Ingawa lina sauti za kufyatua (clicks), uhusiano wake na lugha nyingine za kufyatua haujathibitishwa, na huenda likawakilisha familia ya zamani na huru ya lugha.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kihadza
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Lugha peke (or proposed Sandawe-Hadza)
| Maana | Kihadza | Kiwichita | Kiaari | Kiandi | Kiyangkaal | Kiyuchi | Kilardil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | atibii /ʔatibiʔi/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | noqa /noˈkʼa/ | лъен /ɬen/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | tse /tse/ | nguka /ŋuka/ |
| Moto | zzoko /tsʼoko/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | noha /noˈha/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | ngida /ŋida/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ |
| Jua | ishoko /ʔiʃoko/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | háy /haj/ | миллӏи /milːi/ | warrku /waɾku/ | tso /tso/ | warrka /waɾka/ |
| Mwezi | sêta /seːta/ | waːh /waːh/ | arfi /arfi/ | борцӏцӏо /bortsʼːo/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ |
| Nyota | ntsa /ⁿtsʰa/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | manka /ˈmanka/ | цӏцӏа /tsʼːa/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ |
| Usiku | zzifi /tsʼifi/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | tumi /tʼumi/ | релъо /reɬo/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | pado /pado/ | nata /nata/ |
| Mvua | ati /ʔati/ | — | doobi /doːbi/ | цӏцӏа /tsʼːa/ | — | — | — |
| Upepo | zzutchibii /tsʼutʃʰibiʔi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | мочи /motʃi/ | — | — | — |
| Udongo | yamuabee /ʔiamuʔabeʔe/ | — | fechʼe /feˈtʃʼe/ | онщи /onʃːi/ | — | — | — |
| Jiwe | haqqako /ɦaᵑǃˀako/ | — | seeni /seːni/ | — | — | — | — |
| Mlima | xxudle /ᵑǁˀucʎʼe/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mama | ama /ama/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | inde /inde/ | ила /ila/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | ngama /ŋama/ |
| Baba | aba /aba/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | baba /baba/ | има /ima/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ |
| Mimi | ono /ʔono/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | ita /ʔiˈta/ | ден /dẽ/ | ngada /ŋada/ | di /di/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| Wewe | the /tʰe/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | ahna /ahˈna/ | мин /min/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | tse /tse/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ |
| Sisi | onebee / ôbee /onebeʔe / oːbeʔe/ | — /—/ | wota /woˈta/ | илӏил /itɬʼil/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ |
| Jina | akhanabee /ʔakʰanabeʔe/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | naami /naːˈmi/ | цӏер /tsʼeːr/ | nida /nida/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ |
| Mtu | unu /ʔunu/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | ed /ʔed/ | гьекӏа /hekʼa/ | — | — | — |
| Kichwa | dlomako /cʎʼomako/ | — | mata /maˈta/ | мийар /mijar/ | — | — | — |
| Jicho | akhwako /ʔakʷʰako/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | aafi /aːfi/ | гьаркӏо /harkʼo/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | kuwa /kuwa/ |
| Sikio | hajjapitchi /ɦatʃʼapitʃʰi/ | — | qaam /kʼaːm/ | гьантӏикӏа /hantʼikʼa/ | — | — | — |
| Pua | intawe /ʔintʰawe/ | — | nuki /ˈnuki/ | магьар /mahar/ | — | — | — |
| Mdomo | awanikako /ʔawanikako/ | — | afa /ʔaˈfa/ | кӏол /kʼol/ | — | — | — |
| Jino | aha /ʔaɦa/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | achʼi /atsʼi/ | сол /sol/ | damanda /damanda/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ |
| Ulimi | ncata /ᵑǀata/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | adim /adim/ | мицӏцӏи /mitsʼːi/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ |
| Mkono | ukhwa /ʔukʷʰa/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | aani /ʔaːni/ | рекьа /rekʼa/ | — /—/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | marlda /maɭda/ |
| Mguu | uphukwa /ʔupʰukʷa/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | duuti /duːti/ | чукӏа /tʃukʼa/ | — | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | jaa /dʒaː/ |
| Moyo | asatchiko /ʔasatʃʰiko/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | buudi /ˈbuːdi/ | рокӏо /rokʼo/ | — /—/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | bulja /buldʒa/ |
| Mfupa | midla /micʎʼa/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | lefi /lefi/ | рокьи /rotɬʼi/ | julda /ɟulda/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | kadma /kadma/ |
| Damu | athama /ʔatʰama/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | qase /ˈkʼase/ | гьин /hin/ | kandu /kandu/ | wi /wi/ | kanda /kanda/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | zziti /tsʼiti/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | ahqe /ahːˈkʼe/ | рикьва /riqʷːa/ | — /—/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | thungal /θuŋal/ |
| Mbwa | xhaano /ǁʰaʔano/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | aksi /ˈʔaksi/ | хвай /χʷaj/ | — /—/ | dzene /dzene/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ccama /ᵑǀˀama/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | toila /toila/ | хвами /χwami/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | shu /ʃu/ | yaka /jaka/ |
| Ndege | tîtiko /tiːtiko/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | afti /afti/ | щеким /ʃːekim/ | — | — | — |
| Yai | usleko /ʔuɬeko/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | muqa /muˈkʼa/ | кӏоркӏон /kʼorkʼon/ | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | — /—/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | — /—/ | хъоро /qʼoro/ | — /—/ | yufa /jufa/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ |
| Maziwa | iribabii /ʔiɺibabiʔi/ | — | — | шив /ʃiv/ | — | — | — |
| Kula | seme /seme/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | — /—/ | икъвин /iqʷːin/ | — /—/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ |
| Kunywa | fa /fa/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | — /—/ | игьин /ihin/ | — /—/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ |
| Kulala | ase /ʔase/ | — | — | кьихинну /tɬʼiχinːu/ | — | — | — |
| Moja | itchâme /ʔitʃʰaːme/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | wollaq /ˈwolːakʼ/ | цеб /tseb/ | — /—/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ |
| Mbili | piye /pije/ | wic /wits/ | qasken /kʼasˈken/ | чӏеди /tʃʼedi/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ |
| Tatu | samaka /samaka/ | taw /taw/ | makken /makːen/ | лъобгу /ɬobɡu/ | — /—/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ |
| Nne | bone /bone/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | oydi /ojdi/ | богъогу /boʁoɡu/ | — | — | — |
| Tano | bothâno /botʰaːno/ | — | donq /donkʼ/ | иншдугу /inʃːduɡu/ | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ | — |
| Habari | mtana /m̩tana/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | zzie /tsʼiʔe/ | acs /atss/ | laqami /lakʼaˈmi/ | шув /ʃuv/ | — /—/ | sæle /sæle/ | kuba /kuba/ |
| Mpya | zana /dzana/ | — | killa /kilːˈa/ | цӏив /tsʼiv/ | — | — | — |
| Nyekundu | tese /tese/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | zeymi /zejˈmi/ | гьири /hiri/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | kandukan /kandukan/ |
| Nyeupe | pedla /pecʎʼa/ | — | — | гьацӏа /hatsʼa/ | — | — | — |
| Nyeusi | tijji /titʃʼi/ | — | chʼelmi /tʃʼelˈmi/ | бечӏедир /betʃʼedir/ | — | — | — |
| Kijani | nxawejjene /ᵑǁawetʃʼene/ | — | — | хочи /χotʃi/ | — | — | — |
| Buluu | tikitʃe /tikitʃe/ | — | — | решинкьелӏи /reʃinkʼeˈlːi/ | — | — | — |
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