!Ora
Kikorana
Khoe-Kwadi (Kikhoekhoe)
Korana (!Ora) ni lugha ya Khoekhoe iliyo hatarini kutoweka kabisa katika Rasi ya Kaskazini, ambayo zamani ilizungumzwa na koo za wafugaji wa ng'ombe kando ya mito ya Orange na Vaal. Kama lugha dada yake Nama, hutumia aina nne za milio ya kubonyeza (clicks) na ina viambishi-tegemezi (clitics) vya nafsi-jinsia-idadi (PGN) vilivyowekewa alama ya jinsia, lakini huhifadhi msamiati wa kale wa Khoekhoe uliopotea katika Nama ya kisasa. Ni wazee wachache tu wanaoikumbuka waliosalia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kikorana
Vyanzo
- Maingard, Louis F. (1962) Korana Folktales: Grammar and Texts. Witwatersrand University Press.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2018) Korana: An Outline of the Phonology and Grammar of an All-but-forgotten Khoekhoe Language. UCT Press, Cape Town.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2019) New Data Concerning the Khoekhoe Language Once Spoken by the Korana. South African Journal of African Languages 39(2).
- Glottolog: Korana
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Khoe-Kwadi (Kikhoekhoe)
| Maana | Kikorana | Kinama | Kitaa | Kiyuchi | Kiwichita | Kiluvian | Kihiti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǁgam-i /ǁɡamːi/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | tse /tse/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | wār /waːr/ | 𒉿𒀀𒋻 /waːtar/ |
| Moto | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | pāḫur /ˈpaːxur/ | 𒉺𒄴𒄯 /paxːur/ |
| Jua | sores /sores/ | sores /sores/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | tso /tso/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | waːh /waːh/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | 𒀀𒅈𒈠 /arma/ |
| Nyota | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | — /—/ | 𒄩𒀸𒋼𒅕𒍝 /xasterts/ |
| Usiku | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | tsuxub /tsuxub/ | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | pado /pado/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | — /—/ | 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 /ispants/ |
| Mvua | tūs /tuːs/ | ǀnanub /ǀnanub/ | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | — | — | — | 𒄭𒂊𒍑 /xeːus/ |
| Theluji | abas /abas/ | tsâmaros /tsãːmaros/ | — | sta /sta/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | — | — |
| Upepo | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | ǂoab /ǂoab/ | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | — | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | 𒄷𒌋𒉿𒀭𒍝 /xuwants/ |
| Udongo | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːp/ | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | — | — | tiyamma- /tijamma/ | 𒋼𒂊𒅗𒀭 /teːkan/ |
| Jiwe | ǀʼuis /ǀʔuis/ | ǀuib /ǀuib/ | — | — | — | assu- /ˈasːu/ | 𒉺𒀸𒅆𒆷𒀸 /pasːilas/ |
| Mlima | ǃareb /ǃareb/ | ǃhommi /ǃʰomːi/ | — | — | — | watti- /ˈwatːi/ | — |
| Bahari | huriǁamma /huriǁamːa/ | hurib /hurib/ | — | — | — | — | 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 /arunas/ |
| Mama | ĩs /ĩs/ | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | qáe /qae/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | 𒀭𒈾 /anːa/ |
| Baba | abob /abob/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | 𒀜𒋫 /atːa/ |
| Binti | õas /õas/ | ôas /õas/ | — | — | — | duttariyati- /ˈdutːarijati/ | — |
| Mimi | tita /titá/ | tita /titá/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | di /di/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | 𒌑𒊌 /uːk/ |
| Wewe | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | tse /tse/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | tu /tu/ | 𒍣𒅅 /tsik/ |
| Sisi | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | īh /iː/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | — /—/ | anzāš /ˈantsaːs/ | 𒌑𒂊𒌍 /weːs/ |
| Jina | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 /laːman/ |
| Mtu | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | khoe-i /kʰoei/ | tâa /taː/ | — | ihaas /ihaas/ | ziti- /ˈtsiti/ | 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒀪𒄩𒀸 /antuwaxːas/ |
| Kichwa | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | danas /danas/ | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | — | — | ḫarmaḫi- /ˈxarmaxi/ | 𒄩𒅈𒊭𒅈 /xarsar/ |
| Jicho | mũb /mũb/ | mûs /mũːs/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | 𒊭𒆪𒉿 /sakuwa/ |
| Sikio | ǁnãub /ǁnãub/ | ǂgaes /ǂɡaes/ | — | — | — | tummant- /ˈtumːant/ | 𒅖𒋫𒈠𒀭 /istaman/ |
| Pua | ǂuib /ǂuib/ | ǂguis /ǂɡuis/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mdomo | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | am-s /ams/ | ǂûe /ǂue/ | — | — | āssa- /ˈaːsːa/ | 𒀀𒄿𒅖 /ajs/ |
| Jino | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | — /—/ | 𒅗𒀀𒂵 /kaːɡa/ |
| Ulimi | tamma /tamːa/ | nammi /namːi/ | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | lāli- /ˈlaːli/ | 𒆷𒀀𒆷 /laːla/ |
| Mkono | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | 𒆠𒅖𒊭𒅈 /kesːar/ |
| Mguu | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | ǂaidi /ǂaidi/ | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | pāta- /ˈpaːta/ | 𒉺𒋫 /pata/ |
| Moyo | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | zārt- /tsaːrt/ | 𒆠𒅕 /ker/ |
| Mfupa | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | ǂkhōb /ǂkʰoːb/ | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | ḫāssa- /ˈxaːsːa/ | 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿 /xastaːi/ |
| Damu | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | ǀaob /ǀaop/ | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | wi /wi/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | āšḫar- /ˈaːsxar/ | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 /eːsxar/ |
| Upendo | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | azza- /ˈatsːa/ | 𒀀𒀸𒅆𒅀𒋻 /aːsːijatar/ |
| Mti | hais /hais/ | hai-s /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | — /—/ | 𒋫𒊒 /taru/ |
| Mbwa | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | dzene /dzene/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | 𒆪𒉿𒀭 /kuwan/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | ǀores /ǀores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | ǁaub /ǁaub/ | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | shu /ʃu/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ndege | kxʼanis /kxʼanis/ | anis /anis/ | — | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | — |
| Farasi | hāb /haːb/ | hāb /haːb/ | — | — | — | azzu- /ˈatsːu/ | — |
| Nyumba | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | oms /oms/ | — /—/ | yufa /jufa/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | 𒂍 /peːr/ |
| Maziwa | bīb /biːb/ | bis /bis/ | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Asali | danis /danis/ | danis /danis/ | — | — | — | malli- /ˈmalːi/ | 𒈪𒇷𒀉 /milit/ |
| Chumvi | ǂkxʼōb /ǂkxʼoːb/ | ǂōb /ǂoːp/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mvinyo | ǀkxʼabaǃxarib /ǀkxʼabaǃxarib/ | ǂauxûi-i /ǂauxũĩi/ | — | — | — | maddu- /ˈmatːu/ | 𒉿𒅀𒈾𒀸 /wijanas/ |
| Chuma | ǀkxʼurib /ǀkxʼurib/ | ǀurib /ǀurib/ | — | — | — | — | 𒄩𒉺𒀠𒆠 /xapalki/ |
| Gurudumu | ǃnaris /ǃnaris/ | ǀnūs /ǀnuːs/ | — | — | — | — | 𒄷𒌨𒆠𒅖 /xurkis/ |
| Kitabu | ǂxanis /ǂxanis/ | ǂkhanis /ǂkʰanis/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kula | ǂʼũ /ǂʼũ/ | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ad- /ad/ | 𒂊𒄑𒍝𒊍𒍣 /eːtsːatsːi/ |
| Kunywa | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | ā /aː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ū- /uː/ | 𒂊𒆪𒍣 /ekutsi/ |
| Kulala | ǁūm /ǁʔuːm/ | ǁom /ǁom/ | ʘân /ʘã/ | — | — | — | 𒊺𒌍𒍣 /sestsi/ |
| Moja | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | — /—/ | 𒀸 /as/ |
| Mbili | ǀam /ǀam/ | ǀgam /ǀɡàm/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | wic /wits/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tatu | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | ǃnona /ǃnoná/ | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | taw /taw/ | tarri- /ˈtarːi/ | 𒋼𒊑 /teri/ |
| Nne | haka /haka/ | haka /haka/ | — | — | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | māuwa- /ˈmaːuwa/ | 𒈪𒂊𒉿𒀸 /miewas/ |
| Tano | koro /koro/ | koro /koro/ | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ | — | panta /ˈpanta/ | — |
| Habari | — /—/ | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | ǃãĩ /ǃãĩ/ | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | — /—/ | sæle /sæle/ | acs /atss/ | 𔖢 /ˈwaːsu/ | 𒀸𒋗 /asːu/ |
| Mpya | ǀʼāsa /ǀʔaːsa/ | ǀasa /ǀasa/ | — | — | — | nāwa- /ˈnaːwa/ | 𒉈𒂊𒉿𒀸 /neːwas/ |
| Nyekundu | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | ǀapa /ǀapa/ | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | — /—/ | 𒈪𒄿𒋾𒅖 /miːtis/ |
| Nyeupe | xati /xati/ | ǃuri /ǃuri/ | — | — | — | — | 𒄯𒆠𒅖 /xarkis/ |
| Nyeusi | ǂnū /ǂnuː/ | ǂnu /ǂnu/ | — | — | — | — | 𒁕𒀭𒆪𒅖 /dankuis/ |
| Kijani | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | ǃgam /ǃɡam/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Buluu | ǃnoā /ǃnoaː/ | ǃhoa /ǃʰoa/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/9
Fungua ramani shirikishi: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.
Imetengenezwa na Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Mwanzo wa LangMap