Khoekhoegowab
Kinama
Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan)
Kinama (Khoekhoegowab) ni lugha kubwa zaidi ya kundi la Khoisan na lugha ya milio ya mdomo (click) inayozungumzwa zaidi katika familia ya Khoe (Khoisan) — ingawa lugha za Kibantu kama Kizulu na Kixhosa zina wazungumzaji wengi zaidi ambao usemi wao una milio ya mdomo ya kifonimu. Ni lugha rasmi ya jamii za Wakhoekhoe na Wadamara nchini Namibia na Jimbo la Cape Kaskazini nchini Afrika Kusini. Ina aina nne za milio ya mdomo ya kifonimu — ǀ (ya meno), ǁ (ya kando), ǂ (ya ufizi-kaakaa), ǃ (ya nyuma ya ufizi) — na kwa kawaida huandikwa kwa alama za milio za mtindo wa IPA. Kinama ni lugha ya kitaifa inayotambuliwa nchini Namibia na hutegemeza vyombo vya utangazaji, elimu ya shule, na desturi ya kutafsiri Biblia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinama
kofi-i
Vyanzo
- Khoekhoegowab Bible 2020 (KKG20), Bible Society of Namibia, bible.com version 548; Wiktionary Khoekhoe entries (ǁaub, ǀapa, ǀgôas, ǃgam)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan)
| Maana | Kinama | Kikorana | Kitaa | Kihausa | Kihiri Motu | Kimotu | Atoni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ǁgam-i /ǁɡamːi/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | ruwa /ɾuwaː/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | oe /oe/ |
| Moto | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | wuta /wuta/ | lahi /lahi/ | lahi /lahi/ | ai /ai/ |
| Jua | sores /sores/ | sores /sores/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | rana /ɾaːnaː/ | dina /dina/ | dina /dina/ | manas /manas/ |
| Mwezi | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | wata /wata/ | hua /hua/ | hua /hua/ | fun /fun/ |
| Nyota | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | tauraro /tauraːro/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | kfu /kfuʔ/ |
| Usiku | tsuxub /tsuxub/ | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | dare /dare/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | fai /fai/ |
| Mvua | ǀnanub /ǀnanub/ | tūs /tuːs/ | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | ruwan sama /ɾuwan sama/ | medu /medu/ | medu /medu/ | ulan /ˈulan/ |
| Theluji | tsâmaros /tsãːmaros/ | abas /abas/ | — | dusar ƙanƙara /dusaɾ kʼankʼara/ | sinou /sinou/ | — | — |
| Upepo | ǂoab /ǂoab/ | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | iska /ˈiska/ | lai /lai/ | lai /lai/ | anin /anin/ |
| Udongo | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːp/ | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | ƙasa /kʼasaː/ | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | afu /afu/ |
| Jiwe | ǀuib /ǀuib/ | ǀʼuis /ǀʔuis/ | — | dutse /ˈdutse/ | nadi /ˈnadi/ | nadi /nadi/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Mlima | ǃhommi /ǃʰomːi/ | ǃareb /ǃareb/ | — | tsauni /tsauniː/ | ororo /ororo/ | ororo /oɾoɾo/ | nuʼaf /nuʔaf/ |
| Bahari | hurib /hurib/ | huriǁamma /huriǁamːa/ | — | teku /teːku/ | davara /davara/ | davara /davara/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Mama | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | ĩs /ĩs/ | qáe /qae/ | uwa /uwaː/ | sina /sina/ | sinana /sinana/ | ainaf /ainaf/ |
| Baba | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | abob /abob/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | uba /ubaː/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | amat /amat/ |
| Binti | ôas /õas/ | õas /õas/ | — | ʼya /ʔja/ | natuna kekeni /natuna kekeni/ | natuna kekenina /natuna kekenina/ | anfeto /anfeto/ |
| Mimi | tita /titá/ | tita /tita/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | ni /niː/ | lau /lau/ | lau /lau/ | au /au/ |
| Wewe | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | kai /kai/ | oi /oi/ | oi /oi/ | ho /ho/ |
| Sisi | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | īh /iː/ | mu /muː/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | hit / hai /hit / hai/ |
| Jina | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | suna /suːnaː/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | ladana /ladana/ | kanan /ˈkanan/ |
| Mtu | khoe-i /kʰoei/ | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | tâa /taː/ | mutum /mutum/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | atoni /atoni/ |
| Kichwa | danas /danas/ | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | — | kwarana /kʷarana/ | kwara /kʷaɾa/ | nakaf /nakaf/ |
| Jicho | mûs /mũːs/ | mũb /mũb/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | ido /idoː/ | matana /matana/ | matana /matana/ | matan /matan/ |
| Sikio | ǂgaes /ǂɡaes/ | ǁnãub /ǁnãub/ | — | kunne /kunːe/ | taiana /taiana/ | taiana /taiana/ | luken /luken/ |
| Pua | ǂguis /ǂɡuis/ | ǂuib /ǂuib/ | — | hanci /hantʃi/ | udubaubauna /udubaubauna/ | udu-baubau /udubaubau/ | pana /pana/ |
| Mdomo | am-s /ams/ | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | ǂûe /ǂue/ | baki /baːkiː/ | uduna /uduna/ | udu /udu/ | fefan /fefan/ |
| Jino | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | haƙori /hakʼoːriː/ | isena /isena/ | ise /ise/ | nisi /nisi/ |
| Ulimi | nammi /namːi/ | tamma /tamːa/ | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | harshe /harʃeː/ | mala /mala/ | mala /mala/ | maaʼ /maːʔ/ |
| Mkono | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | hannu /hanːu/ | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | ʼniman /ʔniman/ |
| Mguu | ǂaidi /ǂaidi/ | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | ƙafa /kʼáfàː/ | ae /ae/ | ae /ae/ | haef /haef/ |
| Moyo | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | zuciya /zutʃija/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | nesa /nesa/ |
| Mfupa | ǂkhōb /ǂkʰoːb/ | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | ƙashi /kʼaʃiː/ | turia /turia/ | turia /turia/ | nuʼi /nuʔi/ |
| Damu | ǀaob /ǀaop/ | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | jini /dʒìníː/ | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Upendo | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | — /—/ | ƙauna /kʼauna/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | nekat /nekat/ |
| Mti | hai-s /hais/ | hais /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | bishiya /biʃija/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | hau /hau/ |
| Mbwa | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | kare /kaɾe/ | sisia /sisia/ | sisia /sisia/ | asu /asu/ |
| Paka | ǀores /ǀores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kyanwa /kʲanwa/ | pusi /pusi/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | meo /meo/ |
| Samaki | ǁaub /ǁaub/ | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | kifi /kiːfiː/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | ikaʼ /ikaʔ/ |
| Ndege | anis /anis/ | kxʼanis /kxʼanis/ | — | tsuntsu /tsúntsúː/ | manu /manu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Yai | ǃupus /ǃupus/ | — | ᶢǂúã /ᶢǂũã/ | ƙwai /kʼʷai/ | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | teko /teko/ |
| Dubu | bēr-i /beːri/ | — | — | beyar /bejar/ | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | — |
| Farasi | hāb /haːb/ | hāb /haːb/ | — | doki /ˈdoːki/ | hosi /hosi/ | hosi /hosi/ | bikase /bikase/ |
| Nyumba | oms /oms/ | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | — /—/ | gida /ɡida/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ume /ume/ |
| Maziwa | bis /bis/ | bīb /biːb/ | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | madara /madara/ | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | susu /susu/ |
| Asali | danis /danis/ | danis /danis/ | — | zuma /zuma/ | — | bada ranuna /bada ɾanuna/ | oni /oni/ |
| Chumvi | ǂōb /ǂoːp/ | ǂkxʼōb /ǂkxʼoːb/ | — | gishiri /ɡiʃiri/ | damena /damena/ | damena /damena/ | masiʼ /masiʔ/ |
| Mvinyo | ǂauxûi-i /ǂauxũĩi/ | ǀkxʼabaǃxarib /ǀkxʼabaǃxarib/ | — | ruwan inabi /ɾuwan inabi/ | uaina /uaina/ | vine ranuna /vine ɾanuna/ | — |
| Chuma | ǀurib /ǀurib/ | ǀkxʼurib /ǀkxʼurib/ | — | ƙarfe /kʼarfe/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | besi /besi/ |
| Gurudumu | ǀnūs /ǀnuːs/ | ǃnaris /ǃnaris/ | — | wili /wiːliː/ | uili /uili/ | ava-keikei /avakeikei/ | — |
| Hariri | saib /saib/ | — | — | alharini /alhaˈriːni/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | sutra /sutra/ |
| Kitabu | ǂkhanis /ǂkʰanis/ | ǂxanis /ǂxanis/ | — | littafi /ˈlitːafi/ | buka /ˈbuka/ | buka /buka/ | sulat /sulat/ |
| Kula | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | ci /tʃiː/ | ania /ania/ | aniani /aniani/ | ah /ah/ |
| Kunywa | ā /aː/ | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | sha /ʃaː/ | inua /inua/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | ninu /ninu/ |
| Kulala | ǁom /ǁom/ | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | ʘân /ʘã/ | yi barci /ji bartʃiː/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | tup /tup/ |
| Moja | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | ɗaya /ɗaja/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | mese /mese/ |
| Mbili | ǀgam /ǀɡàm/ | ǀam /ǀam/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | biyu /biju/ | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | nua /ˈnua/ |
| Tatu | ǃnona /ǃnoná/ | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | uku /ʔúkù/ | toi /toi/ | toi /toi/ | tenu /tenu/ |
| Nne | haka /haka/ | haka /haka/ | — | huɗu /huɗu/ | hani /hani/ | hani /hani/ | ha /ha/ |
| Tano | koro /koro/ | koro /koro/ | — | biyar /bijar/ | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | nim /nim/ |
| Mia | kaidisi /kaidisi/ | — | — | ɗari /ɗari/ | handred /handred/ | sinahu /sinahu/ | natun /natun/ |
| Habari | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sannu /sanːu/ | namona /namona/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | neut /neut/ |
| Asante | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | na gode /na ɡode/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | neno biluk /neno biluk/ |
| Nzuri | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | — /—/ | nagari /naɡaɾi/ | namo /namo/ | namo /namo/ | malaek /malaek/ |
| Mpya | ǀasa /ǀasa/ | ǀʼāsa /ǀʔaːsa/ | — | sabo /saːboː/ | matamata /matamata/ | matamata /matamata/ | feʼu /feʔu/ |
| Nyekundu | ǀapa /ǀapa/ | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | ja /dʒaː/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | mtasaʼ /mtasaʔ/ |
| Nyeupe | ǃuri /ǃuri/ | xati /xati/ | — | fari /faːriː/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | mutiʼ /mutiʔ/ |
| Nyeusi | ǂnu /ǂnu/ | ǂnū /ǂnuː/ | — | baƙi /bakʼiː/ | korema /korema/ | koremakorema /koɾemakoɾema/ | metan /metan/ |
| Kijani | ǃgam /ǃɡam/ | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | kore /ˈkoːre/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | mateʼ /mateʔ/ |
| Buluu | ǃhoa /ǃʰoa/ | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | shuɗi /ʃuːɗiː/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | — |
| Kompyuta | komputers /komputers/ | — | — | kwamfuta /kʷamfuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | — |
| Kahawa | kofi-i | — | — | kofi /koːfiː/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — |
| 99 | khoesedisikhoeseǀa /kʰoesedisikʰoeseǀa/ | — | — | casaʼin da tara /tʃasaʔin da tara/ | — | — | boʼsio am sio /boʔsio am sio/ |
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