Taa
Kitaa
familia ya Kituu (zamani Khoisan ya Kusini)
Lugha ya Kitaa (!Xóõ) ni mashuhuri kwa kuwa na fonimu nyingi zaidi kuliko lugha yoyote inayoishi: Anthony Traill (1985, 1994) alielezea takriban fonimu 159, ikiwa ni pamoja na aina tano za sauti za click zilizoendelea kikamilifu — meno ǀ, mfumo wa fizi ǃ, pembeni ǁ, kaakaa gumu ǂ, na click ya midomo miwili ʘ adimu. Kila click huweza kuunganishwa na sifa nyingi za ziada. Wazungumzaji takriban 2,500 wapo mpakani mwa Botswana na Namibia, lugha ya familia ya Tuu.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kitaa
Vyanzo
- Traill (1985) Phonetic and Phonological Studies of !XÓÕ Bushman. Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Traill (1994) A !Xóõ Dictionary. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- Glottolog: Taa (taaa1242)
- Ethnologue: nmn
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kituu (zamani Khoisan ya Kusini)
| Maana | Kitaa | Kidamin | Kiyangkaal | Kikorana | Kifrigia | Kiumbria | Proto-Kijaponi-Kikorea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | n!2u /ŋ͡ǃŋ͡ǃu/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | bedu /ˈbedu/ | utur /ˈutur/ | — /—/ |
| Moto | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | — /—/ | ngida /ŋida/ | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | — /—/ | pir /pir/ | — /—/ |
| Jua | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | — /—/ | warrku /waɾku/ | sores /sores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | — /—/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | masê /maˈseː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyota | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | — /—/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Usiku | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | — /—/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mvua | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | — | — | tūs /tuːs/ | — | — | — |
| Upepo | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | — | — | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | — | — | — |
| Udongo | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | — | — | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | — | — | — |
| Mama | qáe /qae/ | — /—/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | ĩs /ĩs/ | mater /ˈmater/ | matrer /ˈmatrer/ | *əma /əma/ |
| Baba | a̰a /a̰a/ | — /—/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | abob /abob/ | atas /aˈtas/ | patre /ˈpatre/ | *əpa /əpa/ |
| Mimi | ń /ŋ̩/ | n!aa /ŋ͡ǃaː/ | ngada /ŋada/ | tita /tita/ | az /az/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Wewe | a /aː/ | n!uu /ŋ͡ǃuː/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | sats /sats/ | — /—/ | tu /tuː/ | — /—/ |
| Sisi | īh /iː/ | n!aa /ŋ͡ǃaː/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jina | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | — /—/ | nida /nida/ | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | onoman /ˈonoman/ | nome /ˈnome/ | — /—/ |
| Mtu | tâa /taː/ | ngaajpu /ŋaːt̠ʲpu/ | — | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | — | — | — |
| Kichwa | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | nguu /ŋuː/ | — | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | — | — | — |
| Jicho | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | k'uu /kʼuː/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | mũb /mũb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mdomo | ǂûe /ǂue/ | — | — | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | — | — | — |
| Jino | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | — /—/ | damanda /damanda/ | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ulimi | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | — /—/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | tamma /tamːa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | zeira /ˈzeːra/ | manuv-e /maˈnuwe/ | — /—/ |
| Mguu | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | nguuwii /ŋuːwiː/ | — | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | petes /ˈpetes/ | persi /ˈpersi/ | — |
| Moyo | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mfupa | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | — /—/ | julda /ɟulda/ | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Damu | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | — /—/ | kandu /kandu/ | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | wiijpu /wiːt̠ʲpu/ | — /—/ | hais /hais/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | nh!2u /ŋ͡ǀŋ͡ǀu/ | — /—/ | arib /arib/ | kan /kan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | l*i /ɬʔi/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Yai | ᶢǂúã /ᶢǂũã/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Maziwa | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | — | — | bīb /biːb/ | — | — | — |
| Kula | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kulala | ʘân /ʘã/ | — | — | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | — | — | — |
| Moja | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | thuuku /t̻uːku/ | — /—/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | — /—/ | unu /ˈunu/ | — /—/ |
| Mbili | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | kurrijpi /kuɾit̠ʲpi/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | ǀam /ǀam/ | — /—/ | dur /dur/ | — /—/ |
| Tatu | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | — /—/ | trif /trif/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyekundu | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | — /—/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | — /—/ | rofa /ˈrofa/ | — /—/ |
| Kijani | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | — | — | — |
| Buluu | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | — | — | — |
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