Ye'kwana
Kimaquiritari
familia ya Kikaribu
Kiye’kwana, kinachoitwa pia Kimaquiritari na Kide’kwana, ni lugha ya Kikaribu inayozungumzwa na jamii za Ye’kwana kusini mwa Venezuela, hasa majimbo ya Amazonas na Bolívar, na katika jimbo la Roraima kaskazini mwa Brazili. Jamii zimesambaa karibu na vijito vya sehemu za juu za Orinoco na Rio Negro, kuvuka mpaka wa kimataifa unaosababisha mifumo tofauti ya mawasiliano na Kihispania na Kireno. Maelezo ya kiisimu hukitaja Kiye’kwana kuwa hasa na kichwa mwishoni: yambwa hutangulia vitenzi, vishazi vyenye kiima kinachotajwa huelekea kuwa na mpangilio wa kiima–yambwa–kitenzi, na vihusishi huja baada ya nomino. Vitenzi vina mofolojia tajiri inayoweka alama washiriki, wakati, njeo na hali. Sehemu za sarufi zina mifumo ya kergatibu pamoja na aina nyingine za upatanisho, hivyo kueleza mfumo wote kuwa wa kergatibu-kabisa kwa namna moja kungekuwa kurahisisha kupita kiasi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimaquiritari
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kikaribu
| Maana | Kimaquiritari | Kikarib | Lugha ya Akawaio | Kipemón | Makushi | Kiwolaytta | Kicora |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | haatta /haːtːa/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ |
| Moto | waʼto /waʔto/ | wàto /wahto/ | apok /apok/ | apok /apok/ | apóó /apóó/ | tama /tama/ | taʼai /taʔai/ |
| Jua | shii /ʃiː/ | weju /weju/ | wïi /wɨi/ | wei /wei/ | wéi /wéi/ | awa /awa/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ |
| Mwezi | nuunö /nuːnə/ | nuno /nuno/ | kapïi /kapɨi/ | kapüi /kapɨi/ | kapói /kapói/ | aginaa /aɡinaː/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ |
| Nyota | shidiichö /ʃiɾ̠iːtʃə/ | siriko /siɾiko/ | sirikɨ /siɾikɨ/ | chirikö /tʃiɾikə/ | sírikɨ́ /sírikɨ́/ | xoolinttee /tʼoːlintːeː/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ |
| Usiku | chomomüdü /tʃomomɨɾ̠ɨ/ | koko /koko/ | ewarupɨ /ewaɾupɨ/ | ewaron /ewaɾon/ | ewaron /ewaron/ | qamma /kʼamːa/ | tika /tika/ |
| Mvua | konoojo /konoːho/ | konopo /konopo/ | — | konok /konok/ | konoʔ /konoʔ/ | iraa /iraː/ | biite /biːte/ |
| Upepo | jejeenchö /heheːntʃə/ | pepeito /pepeito/ | aʼsetun /aʔsetun/ | aʼchitun /aʔtʃitun/ | aʔsitun /aʔsitun/ | carkko /tsʼarkːo/ | eeca /eːka/ |
| Udongo | nono /nono/ | nono /nono/ | non /non/ | non /non/ | non /non/ | saʼaa /saʔaː/ | chuej /tʃweh/ |
| Jiwe | töʼju /təʔhu/ | topu /topu/ | tɨʼ /tɨʔ/ | ötök /ətək/ | tɨʔ /tɨʔ/ | shuchcha /ʃutʃːa/ | teté /teˈte/ |
| Mlima | jüü /hʷɨː/ | wypy /wɨpɨ/ | wïʼ /wɨʔ/ | wük /wɨk/ | wɨʔ /wɨʔ/ | deriya /derija/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ |
| Bahari | dama /dama/ | parana /paɾana/ | parau /paɾau/ | — | pɨranna /pɨranːa/ | abbaa /abːaː/ | muájete /mwaˈhete/ |
| Mama | denü /denɨ/ | sano /sano/ | saŋ /saŋ/ | mamã /mamɑ̃/ | maʔmá /maʔmá/ | aayyiyo /aːjːijo/ | naana /naːna/ |
| Baba | jaja /haha/ | papa /papa/ | papai /papai/ | papai /papai/ | paʔpá /paʔpá/ | aawa /aːwa/ | hahuá /hahwa/ |
| Mimi | üwü /ɨwɨ/ | au /au/ | urɨ /uɾɨ/ | yuurö /juːɾə/ | urɨ /urɨ/ | taani /taːni/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ |
| Wewe | amöödö /aməːɾ̠ə/ | amoro /amoɾo/ | amɨrɨ /amɨɾɨ/ | amörö /aməɾə/ | ámɨrɨ́ /ámɨrɨ́/ | neeni /neːni/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ |
| Sisi | künwanno /kɨnwanːo/ | kʉʼkaron / naʼna /kəʔkaɾon / naʔna/ | urɨʼnokon / ina /uɾɨʔnokon / ina/ | urönokon / ina /uɾənokon / ina/ | uurɨʔnɨkon / anna /uurɨʔnɨkon / anna/ | nuuni /nuːni/ | ta /ta/ |
| Jina | eesedi /eːseɾ̠i/ | eeti /eːti/ | eseʼ /eseʔ/ | itesek /itesek/ | yeseʔ /jeseʔ/ | sunttaa /suntːaː/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ |
| Mtu | soto /soto/ | kariʼna /kaɾiʔna/ | kaʼpon /kaʔpon/ | pemon /pemon/ | pemonkon /pemoŋkoŋ/ | asaa /asaː/ | tebi /tebi/ |
| Kichwa | juʼhö /huʔhə/ | upuʼpo /upuʔpo/ | puʼpai /puʔpai/ | pupai /pupai/ | puʔpai /puʔpai/ | huuphiya /huːpʼija/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ |
| Jicho | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | énu /énu/ | ayfee /ajfeː/ | húi /hwi/ |
| Sikio | jaana /haːna/ | panari /panari/ | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | hayttaa /hajtːaː/ | naxai /naʃai/ |
| Pua | önna /ənna/ | anàta /anahta/ | enna /enna/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | siiriya /siːrija/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ |
| Mdomo | önta /ənta/ | pota /pota/ | mïta /mɨta/ | müta /mɨta/ | mutá /mutá/ | doonaa /doːnaː/ | teni /teni/ |
| Jino | dedü /deɾ̠ɨ/ | yerï /jelə/ | ɨ /ɨ/ | ye /je/ | yé /jé/ | achcha /atʃːa/ | tame /tame/ |
| Ulimi | ñudu /ɲuɾ̠u/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ani /ani/ | unu /unu/ | nu /nu/ | inxxarssa /intʼarsːa/ | nanu /nanu/ |
| Mkono | amoodü /amoːɾ̠ɨ/ | aina /aina/ | emiyaʼ /emijaʔ/ | yenna /jenːa/ | míá /míá/ | kushiyaa /kuʃijaː/ | mam /mam/ |
| Mguu | uju /uhu/ | pupu /pupu/ | pïta /pɨta/ | pʉta /pɨta/ | puu /puu/ | tohuwa /tohuwa/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ |
| Moyo | yeewanü /jeːwanɨ/ | emanga /emaŋɡa/ | ewan /ewan/ | sïköpoka /sikəpoka/ | yewan /jewan/ | wozanaa /wozanaː/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ |
| Mfupa | yeʼhö /jeʔhə/ | yepo /jepo/ | eʼpï /eʔpɨ/ | epʉ /epɨ/ | yeʔpɨ /jeʔpɨ/ | meqetta /mekʼetːa/ | ɨka /ɨka/ |
| Damu | munu /munu/ | mʉnʉ /mənə/ | mïn /mɨn/ | mün /mɨn/ | mɨ́ŋ /mɨ́ŋ/ | suutta /suːtːa/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ |
| Kinyesi | weetü /weːtɨ/ | — | — | watö /watə/ | — /—/ | shiyaa /ʃijaː/ | — |
| Upendo | hyummadü /hjumːadɨ/ | kataneko /kataneko/ | — /—/ | kemenü /kemenɨ/ | saʔnama /saʔnama/ | siiqaa /siːqaː/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ |
| Mti | dee /deː/ | wewe /wewe/ | yïi /jɨi/ | yöi /jəi/ | yéi /jéi/ | mittaa /mitːaː/ | kɨré /kɨre/ |
| Mbwa | süʼna /sɨʔna/ | pero /peɾo/ | pero /peɾo/ | arimaraka /aɾimaɾaka/ | areimaraaká /areimaraaká/ | kanaa /kanaː/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ |
| Paka | meeshi /meːʃi/ | meu /meu/ | — /—/ | pichana /pitʃana/ | pisana /pisana/ | gaaduwaa /ɡaːduwaː/ | mistú /mistu/ |
| Samaki | nakukwano /nakukwano/ | woto /woto/ | moro /moɾo/ | morok /moɾok/ | moróʔ /moróʔ/ | moliya /molija/ | sasa /sasa/ |
| Ndege | jawi /hawi/ | tonoro /tonoɾo/ | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toron/ | kafo /kafo/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ |
| Kipepeo | matutu /matutu/ | palanpalan /palanpalan/ | wagau /waɡau/ | wakau /wakau/ | peppeʔ /pepːeʔ/ | muqo /mukʼo/ | átzipaʼu /ˈatsipaʔu/ |
| Yai | iʼmoi /iʔmoi/ | iʼmo /iʔmo/ | pïmoi /pɨmoi/ | pumoi /pumoi/ | pomói /pomói/ | phuuphulliya /pʼuːpʼulːija/ | taʼu /taʔu/ |
| Farasi | kawaayu /kawaːju/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kaware/ | paraa /paraː/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ |
| Nyumba | mmaa /mːaː/ | paty /pati/ | — /—/ | tapüi /tapɨi/ | wɨttɨ /wɨttɨ/ | keettaa /keːtːaː/ | kíh /kih/ |
| Maziwa | shuushu /ʃuːʃu/ | manaty aikuru /manatɨ aikuɾu/ | — | — | paaka manatɨ yekku /paaka manatɨ jekːu/ | maatta /maːtːa/ | léechi /ˈleːtʃi/ |
| Asali | wanö /wanə/ | wano /wano/ | teusan /teusan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | eessaa /eːsːaː/ | sarate /saɾate/ |
| Chumvi | sayu /saju/ | wajo /wajo/ | waiyo /waijo/ | inönek /inənek/ | pan /pan/ | maxiniyaa /matʼinijaː/ | unáj /unah/ |
| Mvinyo | chööjedüüdü ekkudu /tʃəːheɾ̠ɨːɾ̠ɨ ekːuɾ̠u/ | winu /winu/ | waain /waːin/ | vino /bino/ | wuku /wuku/ | woine eessa /woine eːsːa/ | viinu /ˈbiːnu/ |
| Mchele | ado /aɾ̠o/ | — | — | — | arosi /arosi/ | ruuziya /ruːzija/ | — |
| Chuma | sejaadadi /sehaːɾ̠aɾ̠i/ | siparari /sipaɾaɾi/ | waʼka pun /waʔka pun/ | ipotü /ipotɨ/ | — | birataa /birataː/ | tepuústiʼi /tepuːstiʔi/ |
| Kitabu | jajeeda /haheːɾ̠a/ | kareta /kaɾeta/ | kareta /kaɾeta/ | — | kaareta /kaareta/ | maxaafaa /matʼaːfaː/ | liibru /ˈliːbɾu/ |
| Kula | äsuukai /ɨsuːkai/ | onökö /onøkø/ | — /—/ | manepotaro /manepotaɾo/ | entamoʔka /entamoʔka/ | miya /miːja/ | kuá /kwa/ |
| Kunywa | enku /enku/ | ëne /ɘne/ | ensi /ensi/ | atü /atɨ/ | enɨrɨ /enɨrɨ/ | uyiya /ujija/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ |
| Kulala | ünükü /ɨnɨːkɨ/ | ònyky /ohnɨkɨ/ | — | — | wetun /wetun/ | xiskkiya /tʼiskːija/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ |
| Moja | tooni /toːni/ | o:wi /oːwi/ | tikin /tikin/ | taukin /taukin/ | tiwíŋ /tiwíŋ/ | issuwa /isːuwa/ | cei /tsei/ |
| Mbili | aaʼkö /aːʔkə/ | oko /oko/ | asaʼrɨ /asaʔɾɨ/ | saköne /sakəne/ | sáákɨné /sáákɨné/ | naaʼʼa /naːʔːa/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ |
| Tatu | aduwawö /aɾ̠uwawə/ | oruwa /oɾuwa/ | osorïwau /osoɾɨwau/ | eseurau /eseuɾau/ | séúruné /séúruné/ | heezza /heːzːa/ | waika /waika/ |
| Nne | aaʼköiʼchea /aːʔkəiʔtʃea/ | okupaen /okupaen/ | — | saköröroʼne /sakəɾəɾoʔne/ | saakɨrɨrɨ /saakɨrɨrɨ/ | oydda /ʔoidːa/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ |
| Tano | hyaatodea /hjaːtoɾ̠ea/ | ainatone /ainatone/ | — | — | miaʔtaikin /miaʔtaikin/ | ichchasha /itʃːaʃa/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ |
| Mia | hyaatodea soto /hjaːtoɾ̠ea soto/ | ainatone-kariʼna /ainatone kaɾiʔna/ | — | — | — | xeeta /tʼeːta/ | anxɨ́te /anˈʃɨte/ |
| Habari | etämä /etɨmɨ/ | mary /maɾi/ | kapon /kapon/ | apî /api/ | — /—/ | saro /saro/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ |
| Asante | enaña /enaɲa/ | irombo /iɾombo/ | tenki /tenki/ | waküpe man /wakɨpe man/ | — /—/ | galatay /ɡalataj/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ |
| Nzuri | aashicha /aːʃitʃa/ | epoja /epoja/ | wagï /waɡɨ/ | mïratö /miɾatə/ | morɨ /morɨ/ | loʼo /loʔo/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ |
| Mpya | eduuwaato /eɾ̠uːwaːto/ | asery /aseɾɨ/ | emennaʼ /emennaʔ/ | amennak /amenːak/ | amenan /amenan/ | ooratta /oːratːa/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ |
| Nyekundu | seweichato /seweitʃato/ | tapyre /tapɨɾe/ | suweyu /suweju/ | suweyu /suweju/ | suyú /sujú/ | zoʼo /zoʔo/ | sabí /saˈbi/ |
| Nyeupe | töʼkeʼne /təʔkeʔne/ | tamuʼne /tamuʔne/ | aimuʼnan /aimuʔnan/ | aimutun /aimutun/ | áímutun /áímutun/ | bootta /boːtːa/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ |
| Nyeusi | judumato /huɾ̠umato/ | tykaraije /tɨkaɾaije/ | — | rikutun /ɾikutun/ | arikkɨtun /arikːɨtun/ | karetta /karetːa/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ |
| Kijani | sheene /ʃeːne/ | — | — | rorape /ɾoɾape/ | rora /rora/ | — | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ |
| Buluu | sheene /ʃeːne/ | tupulu /tupulu/ | — | — | rora /rora/ | — | — |
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