Pemon
Kipemón
familia ya Kikaribu
Kipemón (ISO 639-3: aoc) ni lugha ya Kikaribi iliyo hatarini, inayozungumzwa hasa na Wapemón kusini-mashariki mwa Venezuela, hususan Gran Sabana na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Canaima katika Jimbo la Bolívar; jamii zinazohusiana nao zipo pia ng'ambo ya mipaka nchini Guyana na Brazil. Jina Pemón linamaanisha “mtu” au “watu” na hutumiwa na jamii kadhaa za kimaeneo. Kwa kawaida hutambuliwa aina 3 kuu zinazoelewana: Arekuna, Kamarakoto na Taurepan, ambazo zimesambaa katika maeneo ya mipaka ya Venezuela, Guyana na Brazil. Kipemón huandikwa kwa tahajia za matumizi zenye msingi wa herufi za Kilatini zinazotumika katika elimu, maandishi ya dini na uhifadhi wa kiisimu; shinikizo la Kihispania na Kireno hutofautiana kwa nchi, lakini lugha hii bado ni alama muhimu ya utambulisho na inaendelea kurithishwa baina ya vizazi katika jamii nyingi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kipemón
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kikaribu
| Maana | Kipemón | Lugha ya Akawaio | Makushi | Kikarib | Kimaquiritari | Kibororo | Asháninka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | pobo /pobo/ | nija /niha/ |
| Moto | apok /apok/ | apok /apok/ | apóó /apóó/ | wàto /wahto/ | waʼto /waʔto/ | joru /dʒoɾu/ | paamari /paːmaɾi/ |
| Jua | wei /wei/ | wïi /wɨi/ | wéi /wéi/ | weju /weju/ | shii /ʃiː/ | meri /meɾi/ | oorya /oːɾja/ |
| Mwezi | kapüi /kapɨi/ | kapïi /kapɨi/ | kapói /kapói/ | nuno /nuno/ | nuunö /nuːnə/ | ari /aɾi/ | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ |
| Nyota | chirikö /tʃiɾikə/ | sirikɨ /siɾikɨ/ | sírikɨ́ /sírikɨ́/ | siriko /siɾiko/ | shidiichö /ʃiɾ̠iːtʃə/ | kuieje /kuiedʒe/ | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ |
| Usiku | ewaron /ewaɾon/ | ewarupɨ /ewaɾupɨ/ | ewaron /ewaron/ | koko /koko/ | chomomüdü /tʃomomɨɾ̠ɨ/ | boečo /boetʃo/ | tsiteni /tsiteni/ |
| Mvua | konok /konok/ | — | konoʔ /konoʔ/ | konopo /konopo/ | konoojo /konoːho/ | bubutu /bubutu/ | inkani /iŋkani/ |
| Upepo | aʼchitun /aʔtʃitun/ | aʼsetun /aʔsetun/ | aʔsitun /aʔsitun/ | pepeito /pepeito/ | jejeenchö /heheːntʃə/ | bakuru /bakuɾu/ | tampea /tampea/ |
| Udongo | non /non/ | non /non/ | non /non/ | nono /nono/ | nono /nono/ | moto /moto/ | kipatsi /kipatsi/ |
| Jiwe | ötök /ətək/ | tɨʼ /tɨʔ/ | tɨʔ /tɨʔ/ | topu /topu/ | töʼju /təʔhu/ | tori /toɾi/ | mapi /mapi/ |
| Mlima | wük /wɨk/ | wïʼ /wɨʔ/ | wɨʔ /wɨʔ/ | wypy /wɨpɨ/ | jüü /hʷɨː/ | tori kurireu /toɾi kuɾiɾew/ | otishi /otiʃi/ |
| Mama | mamã /mamɑ̃/ | saŋ /saŋ/ | maʔmá /maʔmá/ | sano /sano/ | denü /denɨ/ | muga /mɨɡa/ | ina /ina/ |
| Baba | papai /papai/ | papai /papai/ | paʔpá /paʔpá/ | papa /papa/ | jaja /haha/ | iogwa /ioɡwa/ | apa /apa/ |
| Binti | ensi /ensi/ | ensi /ensi/ | yensi /jensi/ | emyiry /emɨiɾɨ/ | — | onaregody aredy /onaɾeɡodɨ aɾedɨ/ | noshinto /noʃinto/ |
| Mimi | yuurö /juːɾə/ | urɨ /uɾɨ/ | urɨ /urɨ/ | au /au/ | üwü /ɨwɨ/ | imi /imi/ | naaka /naːka/ |
| Wewe | amörö /aməɾə/ | amɨrɨ /amɨɾɨ/ | ámɨrɨ́ /ámɨrɨ́/ | amoro /amoɾo/ | amöödö /aməːɾ̠ə/ | aki /aki/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ |
| Sisi | urönokon / ina /uɾənokon / ina/ | urɨʼnokon / ina /uɾɨʔnokon / ina/ | uurɨʔnɨkon / anna /uurɨʔnɨkon / anna/ | kʉʼkaron / naʼna /kəʔkaɾon / naʔna/ | künwanno /kɨnwanːo/ | pagi / cegi /paɡi / tʃeɡi/ | arori / narori /aɾoɾi / naɾoɾi/ |
| Jina | itesek /itesek/ | eseʼ /eseʔ/ | yeseʔ /jeseʔ/ | eeti /eːti/ | eesedi /eːseɾ̠i/ | ie /ie/ | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ |
| Mtu | pemon /pemon/ | kaʼpon /kaʔpon/ | pemonkon /pemoŋkoŋ/ | kariʼna /kaɾiʔna/ | soto /soto/ | — | atiri /atiɾi/ |
| Kichwa | pupai /pupai/ | puʼpai /puʔpai/ | puʔpai /puʔpai/ | upuʼpo /upuʔpo/ | juʼhö /huʔhə/ | ao /ao/ | noito /noito/ |
| Jicho | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | énu /énu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | joku /dʒoku/ | noki /noki/ |
| Sikio | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | panari /panari/ | jaana /haːna/ | bija /bidʒa/ | noyempita /nojempita/ |
| Pua | yeuna /jeuna/ | enna /enna/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | anàta /anahta/ | önna /ənna/ | eno /eno/ | noirina /noiɾina/ |
| Mdomo | müta /mɨta/ | mïta /mɨta/ | mutá /mutá/ | pota /pota/ | önta /ənta/ | — | novante /noβante/ |
| Jino | ye /je/ | ɨ /ɨ/ | yé /jé/ | yerï /jelə/ | dedü /deɾ̠ɨ/ | o /o/ | nayi /naji/ |
| Ulimi | unu /unu/ | ani /ani/ | nu /nu/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ñudu /ɲuɾ̠u/ | eru /eɾu/ | nene /nene/ |
| Mkono | yenna /jenːa/ | emiyaʼ /emijaʔ/ | míá /míá/ | aina /aina/ | amoodü /amoːɾ̠ɨ/ | kera /keɾa/ | nako /nako/ |
| Mguu | pʉta /pɨta/ | pïta /pɨta/ | puu /puu/ | pupu /pupu/ | uju /uhu/ | ewure /ewɨɾe/ | noiti /noiti/ |
| Moyo | sïköpoka /sikəpoka/ | ewan /ewan/ | yewan /jewan/ | emanga /emaŋɡa/ | yeewanü /jeːwanɨ/ | bapo /bapo/ | nosanto /nosanto/ |
| Mfupa | epʉ /epɨ/ | eʼpï /eʔpɨ/ | yeʔpɨ /jeʔpɨ/ | yepo /jepo/ | yeʼhö /jeʔhə/ | ra /ɾa/ | tonki /tonki/ |
| Damu | mün /mɨn/ | mïn /mɨn/ | mɨ́ŋ /mɨ́ŋ/ | mʉnʉ /mənə/ | munu /munu/ | ku /ku/ | iraja /iɾaha/ |
| Kinyesi | watö /watə/ | — | — /—/ | — | weetü /weːtɨ/ | pe /pe/ | notia /notia/ |
| Upendo | kemenü /kemenɨ/ | — /—/ | saʔnama /saʔnama/ | kataneko /kataneko/ | hyummadü /hjumːadɨ/ | — /—/ | nonintsi /nonintsi/ |
| Mti | yöi /jəi/ | yïi /jɨi/ | yéi /jéi/ | wewe /wewe/ | dee /deː/ | i /i/ | inchato /intʃato/ |
| Mbwa | arimaraka /aɾimaɾaka/ | pero /peɾo/ | areimaraaká /areimaraaká/ | pero /peɾo/ | süʼna /sɨʔna/ | arigao /aɾiɡao/ | otsiti /otsiti/ |
| Paka | pichana /pitʃana/ | — /—/ | pisana /pisana/ | meu /meu/ | meeshi /meːʃi/ | gato /ɡato/ | mishito /miʃito/ |
| Samaki | morok /moɾok/ | moro /moɾo/ | moróʔ /moróʔ/ | woto /woto/ | nakukwano /nakukwano/ | karo /kaɾo/ | shima /ʃima/ |
| Ndege | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toron/ | tonoro /tonoɾo/ | jawi /hawi/ | kiogo /kioɡo/ | tsimeri /tsimeɾi/ |
| Kipepeo | wakau /wakau/ | wagau /waɡau/ | peppeʔ /pepːeʔ/ | palanpalan /palanpalan/ | matutu /matutu/ | baragadu /baɾaɡadu/ | tsampi /tsampi/ |
| Yai | pumoi /pumoi/ | pïmoi /pɨmoi/ | pomói /pomói/ | iʼmo /iʔmo/ | iʼmoi /iʔmoi/ | ba /ba/ | iitsoki /iːtsoki/ |
| Farasi | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kaware/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kawaayu /kawaːju/ | kuwaru /kuwaɾu/ | kavayo /kaβajo/ |
| Nyumba | tapüi /tapɨi/ | — /—/ | wɨttɨ /wɨttɨ/ | paty /pati/ | mmaa /mːaː/ | bai /bai/ | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ |
| Asali | wan /wan/ | teusan /teusan/ | wan /wan/ | wano /wano/ | wanö /wanə/ | meiawe eweguru /meiawe eweɡuɾu/ | ija pitsi /iha pitsi/ |
| Chumvi | inönek /inənek/ | waiyo /waijo/ | pan /pan/ | wajo /wajo/ | sayu /saju/ | sal /sal/ | tivi /tiβi/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /bino/ | waain /waːin/ | wuku /wuku/ | winu /winu/ | chööjedüüdü ekkudu /tʃəːheɾ̠ɨːɾ̠ɨ ekːuɾ̠u/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | ovaja /oβaha/ |
| Chuma | ipotü /ipotɨ/ | waʼka pun /waʔka pun/ | — | siparari /sipaɾaɾi/ | sejaadadi /sehaːɾ̠aɾ̠i/ | meriri /meɾiɾi/ | ashiro /aʃiɾo/ |
| Kula | manepotaro /manepotaɾo/ | — /—/ | entamoʔka /entamoʔka/ | onökö /onøkø/ | äsuukai /ɨsuːkai/ | ko /ko/ | noyaki /nojaki/ |
| Kunywa | atü /atɨ/ | ensi /ensi/ | enɨrɨ /enɨrɨ/ | ëne /ɘne/ | enku /enku/ | kudu /kudɨ/ | noiri /noiɾi/ |
| Moja | taukin /taukin/ | tikin /tikin/ | tiwíŋ /tiwíŋ/ | o:wi /oːwi/ | tooni /toːni/ | mito /mito/ | aparoni /apaɾoni/ |
| Mbili | saköne /sakəne/ | asaʼrɨ /asaʔɾɨ/ | sáákɨné /sáákɨné/ | oko /oko/ | aaʼkö /aːʔkə/ | pobe /pobe/ | apite /apite/ |
| Tatu | eseurau /eseuɾau/ | osorïwau /osoɾɨwau/ | séúruné /séúruné/ | oruwa /oɾuwa/ | aduwawö /aɾ̠uwawə/ | pobe metia bokware /pobe metia bokwaɾe/ | maava /maːβa/ |
| Nne | saköröroʼne /sakəɾəɾoʔne/ | — | saakɨrɨrɨ /saakɨrɨrɨ/ | okupaen /okupaen/ | aaʼköiʼchea /aːʔkəiʔtʃea/ | pobe puibiji /pobe puibidʒi/ | otsipasati /otsipasati/ |
| Habari | apî /api/ | kapon /kapon/ | — /—/ | mary /maɾi/ | etämä /etɨmɨ/ | are /aɾe/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ |
| Asante | waküpe man /wakɨpe man/ | tenki /tenki/ | — /—/ | irombo /iɾombo/ | enaña /enaɲa/ | iya /ija/ | naranki /naɾaŋki/ |
| Nzuri | mïratö /miɾatə/ | wagï /waɡɨ/ | morɨ /morɨ/ | epoja /epoja/ | aashicha /aːʃitʃa/ | pemegareu /pemeɡaɾew/ | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ |
| Mpya | amennak /amenːak/ | emennaʼ /emennaʔ/ | amenan /amenan/ | asery /aseɾɨ/ | eduuwaato /eɾ̠uːwaːto/ | maiwu /maiwu/ | iroakera /iɾoakeɾa/ |
| Nyekundu | suweyu /suweju/ | suweyu /suweju/ | suyú /sujú/ | tapyre /tapɨɾe/ | seweichato /seweitʃato/ | kujagureu /kuʒaɡuɾew/ | kitioncari /kitionkaɾi/ |
| Nyeupe | aimutun /aimutun/ | aimuʼnan /aimuʔnan/ | áímutun /áímutun/ | tamuʼne /tamuʔne/ | töʼkeʼne /təʔkeʔne/ | kigadureu /kiɡaduɾew/ | kitamaari /kitamaːɾi/ |
| Nyeusi | rikutun /ɾikutun/ | — | arikkɨtun /arikːɨtun/ | tykaraije /tɨkaɾaije/ | judumato /huɾ̠umato/ | — | potsitari /potsitaɾi/ |
| Kijani | rorape /ɾoɾape/ | — | rora /rora/ | — | sheene /ʃeːne/ | kaworureu /kawoɾuɾew/ | kenashi /kenaʃi/ |
| Kekeo | pika /ˈpika/ | pika /piˈka/ | — /—/ | pika /piˈka/ | — | — | tsiya /ˈtsija/ |
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