Akawaio
Lugha ya Akawaio
familia ya Kikaribu
Kiakawaio (pia huitwa Kapon au Kapóng) ni lugha ya Kikaribia inayozungumzwa hasa katika eneo la Upper Mazaruni nchini Guyana, na jamii zinazohusiana nchini Venezuela na Brazil. Glottolog hukijumuisha na Kiingkarikó kama Akawaio–Ingarikó, huku ainisho nyingine zikitumia Kapóng kwa kundi pana ambalo linaweza pia kuhusisha Kipatamona, kwa hiyo majina na mipaka hutofautiana. Mofolojia yake ni changamano na hasa hutumia viambishi tamati: vitenzi vinaweza kubeba alama kadhaa za washiriki, njeo, dhamira, mwelekeo na maana nyingine, na mpangilio wa msingi kwa kawaida huelezwa kuwa kiima–yambwa–kitenzi. Kiakawaio huandikwa kwa tahajia za matumizi zinazotegemea Kilatini; kazi ya jamii imetokeza vitabu vya mwanzo, tafsiri na kamusi ya Kiakawaio–Kiingereza iliyochapishwa mwaka 2014. Lugha bado inatumika katika jamii za Upper Mazaruni na maisha ya kitamaduni na kidini, lakini Glottolog huiainisha kuwa imehatarishwa kwa kuwa Kiingereza, Kireno na Kihispania vinazidi kutawala shule na mawasiliano mapana.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Lugha ya Akawaio
Vyanzo
- Akawaio New Testament, Wycliffe Bible Translators (ebible.org akeNT)
- confirmation: ASJP AKAWAIO and AKAWAIO_2 (Velupillai; Epps & Wichmann)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Kikaribu
| Maana | Lugha ya Akawaio | Kipemón | Makushi | Kikarib | Kimaquiritari | Kiyangkaal | Kimatsés |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | acte /aʔte/ |
| Moto | apok /apok/ | apok /apok/ | apóó /apóó/ | wàto /wahto/ | waʼto /waʔto/ | ngida /ŋida/ | cuëte /kwɨte/ |
| Jua | wïi /wɨi/ | wei /wei/ | wéi /wéi/ | weju /weju/ | shii /ʃiː/ | warrku /waɾku/ | ushë /uʃɨ/ |
| Mwezi | kapïi /kapɨi/ | kapüi /kapɨi/ | kapói /kapói/ | nuno /nuno/ | nuunö /nuːnə/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | inchëshën ushë /intʃɨʃɨn uʃɨ/ |
| Nyota | sirikɨ /siɾikɨ/ | chirikö /tʃiɾikə/ | sírikɨ́ /sírikɨ́/ | siriko /siɾiko/ | shidiichö /ʃiɾ̠iːtʃə/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | uispa /wispa/ |
| Usiku | ewarupɨ /ewaɾupɨ/ | ewaron /ewaɾon/ | ewaron /ewaron/ | koko /koko/ | chomomüdü /tʃomomɨɾ̠ɨ/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | inchësh /intʃɨʃ/ |
| Theluji | sino /sino/ | — | — /—/ | — | — | — | — |
| Upepo | aʼsetun /aʔsetun/ | aʼchitun /aʔtʃitun/ | aʔsitun /aʔsitun/ | pepeito /pepeito/ | jejeenchö /heheːntʃə/ | — | cunquequid /kunkekid/ |
| Udongo | non /non/ | non /non/ | non /non/ | nono /nono/ | nono /nono/ | — | nidaid /nidaid/ |
| Jiwe | tɨʼ /tɨʔ/ | ötök /ətək/ | tɨʔ /tɨʔ/ | topu /topu/ | töʼju /təʔhu/ | — | cuënote /kwɨnote/ |
| Mlima | wïʼ /wɨʔ/ | wük /wɨk/ | wɨʔ /wɨʔ/ | wypy /wɨpɨ/ | jüü /hʷɨː/ | — | macuësh /makwɨʃ/ |
| Bahari | parau /paɾau/ | — | pɨranna /pɨranːa/ | parana /paɾana/ | dama /dama/ | — | — |
| Mama | saŋ /saŋ/ | mamã /mamɑ̃/ | maʔmá /maʔmá/ | sano /sano/ | denü /denɨ/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | tita /tita/ |
| Baba | papai /papai/ | papai /papai/ | paʔpá /paʔpá/ | papa /papa/ | jaja /haha/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | papa /paˈpa/ |
| Binti | ensi /ensi/ | ensi /ensi/ | yensi /jensi/ | emyiry /emɨiɾɨ/ | — | — | champi /tʃamˈpi/ |
| Mimi | urɨ /uɾɨ/ | yuurö /juːɾə/ | urɨ /urɨ/ | au /au/ | üwü /ɨwɨ/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ubi /uβi/ |
| Wewe | amɨrɨ /amɨɾɨ/ | amörö /aməɾə/ | ámɨrɨ́ /ámɨrɨ́/ | amoro /amoɾo/ | amöödö /aməːɾ̠ə/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | mibi /miβi/ |
| Sisi | urɨʼnokon / ina /uɾɨʔnokon / ina/ | urönokon / ina /uɾənokon / ina/ | uurɨʔnɨkon / anna /uurɨʔnɨkon / anna/ | kʉʼkaron / naʼna /kəʔkaɾon / naʔna/ | künwanno /kɨnwanːo/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | nuqui /nuki/ |
| Jina | eseʼ /eseʔ/ | itesek /itesek/ | yeseʔ /jeseʔ/ | eeti /eːti/ | eesedi /eːseɾ̠i/ | nida /nida/ | — /—/ |
| Mtu | kaʼpon /kaʔpon/ | pemon /pemon/ | pemonkon /pemoŋkoŋ/ | kariʼna /kaɾiʔna/ | soto /soto/ | — | matses /matses/ |
| Kichwa | puʼpai /puʔpai/ | pupai /pupai/ | puʔpai /puʔpai/ | upuʼpo /upuʔpo/ | juʼhö /huʔhə/ | — | mapi /maˈpi/ |
| Jicho | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | énu /énu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | ëshë /ɨʃɨ/ |
| Sikio | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | pana /pana/ | panari /panari/ | jaana /haːna/ | — | pabiate /pabiate/ |
| Pua | enna /enna/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | anàta /anahta/ | önna /ənna/ | — | dëbiate /dɨbjatɪ/ |
| Mdomo | mïta /mɨta/ | müta /mɨta/ | mutá /mutá/ | pota /pota/ | önta /ənta/ | — | ana /ana/ |
| Jino | ɨ /ɨ/ | ye /je/ | yé /jé/ | yerï /jelə/ | dedü /deɾ̠ɨ/ | damanda /damanda/ | shëta /ʃɨta/ |
| Ulimi | ani /ani/ | unu /unu/ | nu /nu/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ñudu /ɲuɾ̠u/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | ana /ana/ |
| Mkono | emiyaʼ /emijaʔ/ | yenna /jenːa/ | míá /míá/ | aina /aina/ | amoodü /amoːɾ̠ɨ/ | — /—/ | mëdante /mɨdante/ |
| Mguu | pïta /pɨta/ | pʉta /pɨta/ | puu /puu/ | pupu /pupu/ | uju /uhu/ | — | taë /taˈɨ/ |
| Moyo | ewan /ewan/ | sïköpoka /sikəpoka/ | yewan /jewan/ | emanga /emaŋɡa/ | yeewanü /jeːwanɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mfupa | eʼpï /eʔpɨ/ | epʉ /epɨ/ | yeʔpɨ /jeʔpɨ/ | yepo /jepo/ | yeʼhö /jeʔhə/ | julda /ɟulda/ | canite /kanite/ |
| Damu | mïn /mɨn/ | mün /mɨn/ | mɨ́ŋ /mɨ́ŋ/ | mʉnʉ /mənə/ | munu /munu/ | kandu /kandu/ | intac /intaʔ/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | kemenü /kemenɨ/ | saʔnama /saʔnama/ | kataneko /kataneko/ | hyummadü /hjumːadɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | yïi /jɨi/ | yöi /jəi/ | yéi /jéi/ | wewe /wewe/ | dee /deː/ | — /—/ | cuëte /kwɨte/ |
| Mbwa | pero /peɾo/ | arimaraka /aɾimaɾaka/ | areimaraaká /areimaraaká/ | pero /peɾo/ | süʼna /sɨʔna/ | — /—/ | opa /oˈpa/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | pichana /pitʃana/ | pisana /pisana/ | meu /meu/ | meeshi /meːʃi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | moro /moɾo/ | morok /moɾok/ | moróʔ /moróʔ/ | woto /woto/ | nakukwano /nakukwano/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | nuëcquid /nuɨkkid/ |
| Ndege | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toɾon/ | toron /toron/ | tonoro /tonoɾo/ | jawi /hawi/ | — | uicchun /wiktʃun/ |
| Kipepeo | wagau /waɡau/ | wakau /wakau/ | peppeʔ /pepːeʔ/ | palanpalan /palanpalan/ | matutu /matutu/ | — | podochued /podotʃued/ |
| Yai | pïmoi /pɨmoi/ | pumoi /pumoi/ | pomói /pomói/ | iʼmo /iʔmo/ | iʼmoi /iʔmoi/ | — | bacuë /bakwɨ/ |
| Farasi | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kaware/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kawaayu /kawaːju/ | — | cabayo /kabajo/ |
| Nyumba | — /—/ | tapüi /tapɨi/ | wɨttɨ /wɨttɨ/ | paty /pati/ | mmaa /mːaː/ | — /—/ | shubu /ʂobo/ |
| Asali | teusan /teusan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wano /wano/ | wanö /wanə/ | — | bacun /bakun/ |
| Chumvi | waiyo /waijo/ | inönek /inənek/ | pan /pan/ | wajo /wajo/ | sayu /saju/ | — | sa /sa/ |
| Mvinyo | waain /waːin/ | vino /bino/ | wuku /wuku/ | winu /winu/ | chööjedüüdü ekkudu /tʃəːheɾ̠ɨːɾ̠ɨ ekːuɾ̠u/ | — | uba chinaid /uba tʃinaid/ |
| Chuma | waʼka pun /waʔka pun/ | ipotü /ipotɨ/ | — | siparari /sipaɾaɾi/ | sejaadadi /sehaːɾ̠aɾ̠i/ | — | shocosh /ʃokoʃ/ |
| Kitabu | kareta /kaɾeta/ | — | kaareta /kaareta/ | kareta /kaɾeta/ | jajeeda /haheːɾ̠a/ | — | — |
| Kula | — /—/ | manepotaro /manepotaɾo/ | entamoʔka /entamoʔka/ | onökö /onøkø/ | äsuukai /ɨsuːkai/ | — /—/ | pe- /pe/ |
| Kunywa | ensi /ensi/ | atü /atɨ/ | enɨrɨ /enɨrɨ/ | ëne /ɘne/ | enku /enku/ | — /—/ | ac- /ak/ |
| Moja | tikin /tikin/ | taukin /taukin/ | tiwíŋ /tiwíŋ/ | o:wi /oːwi/ | tooni /toːni/ | — /—/ | abentsëc /aβentsɨk/ |
| Mbili | asaʼrɨ /asaʔɾɨ/ | saköne /sakəne/ | sáákɨné /sáákɨné/ | oko /oko/ | aaʼkö /aːʔkə/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | daëd /daɨd/ |
| Tatu | osorïwau /osoɾɨwau/ | eseurau /eseuɾau/ | séúruné /séúruné/ | oruwa /oɾuwa/ | aduwawö /aɾ̠uwawə/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | kapon /kapon/ | apî /api/ | — /—/ | mary /maɾi/ | etämä /etɨmɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | tenki /tenki/ | waküpe man /wakɨpe man/ | — /—/ | irombo /iɾombo/ | enaña /enaɲa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | wagï /waɡɨ/ | mïratö /miɾatə/ | morɨ /morɨ/ | epoja /epoja/ | aashicha /aːʃitʃa/ | — /—/ | bëda /bɨˈda/ |
| Mpya | emennaʼ /emennaʔ/ | amennak /amenːak/ | amenan /amenan/ | asery /aseɾɨ/ | eduuwaato /eɾ̠uːwaːto/ | — | chuca /tʃuka/ |
| Nyekundu | suweyu /suweju/ | suweyu /suweju/ | suyú /sujú/ | tapyre /tapɨɾe/ | seweichato /seweitʃato/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | piumbo /piumbo/ |
| Nyeupe | aimuʼnan /aimuʔnan/ | aimutun /aimutun/ | áímutun /áímutun/ | tamuʼne /tamuʔne/ | töʼkeʼne /təʔkeʔne/ | — | ushu /uˈʃu/ |
| Kekeo | pika /piˈka/ | pika /ˈpika/ | — /—/ | pika /piˈka/ | — | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/8
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