isiNdebele
Kindebele cha Kaskazini
Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Nguni)
Kindebele cha Kaskazini (isiNdebele) ni lugha kuu ya Kinguni cha Kibantu nchini Zimbabwe, kinachozungumzwa zaidi katika Matabeleland huku Bulawayo ikiwa kitovu chake cha kitamaduni. Kinatokana na uhamiaji wa karne ya 19 wa watu wa Kinguni wa Mzilikazi kutoka kaskazini mwa Afrika Kusini, jambo linalokifanya kuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Kizulu (zu). Kinatofautiana na Kindebele cha Kusini (nbl) cha Afrika Kusini, ambacho kilijitenga mapema zaidi na kukua chini ya mazingira tofauti ya mguso. Kinatambuliwa kama mojawapo ya lugha rasmi 16 za Zimbabwe chini ya katiba ya mwaka 2013.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kindebele cha Kaskazini
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Nguni)
| Maana | Kindebele cha Kaskazini | Kindebele cha Kusini | Kizulu | Kiswati | Kixhosa | Kitsonga | Kilozi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | emanti /emanti/ | amanzi /amaːnzi/ | mati /mati/ | mezi /mezi/ |
| Moto | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| Jua | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | lizazi /lizazi/ |
| Mwezi | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyezi /iɲezi/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | kweli /kweli/ |
| Nyota | inkanyezi /iŋkaɲezi/ | ikwekwezi /ikʷekʷezi/ | inkanyezi /iŋkaˈɲeːzi/ | inkhanyeti /iŋkʰaɲeti/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | naleli /naleli/ |
| Usiku | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | ubusuku /uɓusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | busuku /ɓusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | busihu /busihu/ |
| Mvua | imvula /imˈvula/ | izulu /izulu/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | pula /ˈpula/ |
| Theluji | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iqhwa /iǃʰwa/ | lichwa /liǀʰwa/ | ikhephu /ikʰepʰu/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ |
| Upepo | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | moya /moja/ | moya /moja/ |
| Udongo | inhlabathi /inɬaɓaːtʰi/ | ihlabathi /iɬaɓatʰi/ | inhlabathi /inɬaɓatʰi/ | umhlabatsi /umɬaɓatsi/ | umhlabathi /umɬaɓatʰi/ | misava /misava/ | mubu /mubu/ |
| Jiwe | ilitshe /iliˈtʃe/ | ilitje /iˈlitʃe/ | itshe /ˈiːtʃʼe/ | litje /liˈtʃe/ | ilitye /iˈlitʼje/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ |
| Mlima | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intsaba /intsaɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | lilundu /lilundu/ |
| Bahari | ulwandle /ulwandɮe/ | ilwandle /ilwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | liwate /liwate/ |
| Mama | umama /umama/ | umma /umma/ | umama /umama/ | make /make/ | umama /umaːma/ | manana /manana/ | ma /ma/ |
| Baba | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | babe /ɓaɓe/ | utata /utaːta/ | tatana /tatana/ | ndate /ndate/ |
| Binti | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodaˈkazi/ | indvodzakati /indvodzakaːti/ | intombi /inˈtombi/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ |
| Mimi | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ | mina /ˈmiːna/ | mine /míne/ | mna /mna/ | mina /mina/ | na /na/ |
| Wewe | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /ˈweːna/ | wena /wéna/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| Sisi | thina /tʰina/ | thina /tʰina/ | thina /ˈtʰiːna/ | tsine /tsíne/ | thina /tʰina/ | hina /hina/ | luna /luna/ |
| Jina | ibizo /ibizo/ | ibizo /iɓizo/ | igama /iˈɡaːma/ | libito /liɓiːto/ | igama /iɡaːma/ | vito /vito/ | libizo /libizo/ |
| Mtu | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /uˈmuntu/ | umuntfu /umuntfu/ | umntu /ˈumntu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Kichwa | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | ihloko /iɬoko/ | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | inhloko /inɬoko/ | intloko /intɬoːko/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | toho /toho/ |
| Jicho | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | iso /iso/ | liso /liso/ | iliso /iliso/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ |
| Sikio | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | zebe /zebe/ |
| Pua | ikhala /ikʰala/ | ipumulo /ipuˈmulo/ | impumulo /impuˈmulo/ | likhala /likʰala/ | impumlo /impuˈmlo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | ngo /ŋo/ |
| Mdomo | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| Jino | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | litinyo /litiɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | tino /tino/ | liino /liːno/ |
| Ulimi | ulimi /ulimi/ | ilimu /ilimu/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulwimi /lulwimi/ | ulwimi /ulwimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Mkono | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | sandla /sandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | voko /voko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ |
| Mguu | unyawo /uɲawo/ | inyawo /iɲawo/ | unyawo /uːɲaːwo/ | lunyawo /luɲawo/ | unyawo /uɲaːwo/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ |
| Moyo | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | inhlitiyo /inɬitijo/ | intliziyo /intɬizijo/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | pilu /pilu/ |
| Mfupa | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | litsambo /litsambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | sapo /sapo/ |
| Damu | igazi /iɡazi/ | iingazi /iːŋɡazi/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | ingati /iŋɡati/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | mali /mali/ |
| Kinyesi | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | emasimba /emasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | — | ñanda /ɲanda/ |
| Upendo | uthando /utʰando/ | ithando /itʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | lutsandvo /lutsandwo/ | uthando /utʰando/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | lilato /lilato/ |
| Mti | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | umuthi /umutʰi/ | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | sihlahla /siɬaɬa/ | umthi /umtʰi/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | kota /kota/ |
| Mbwa | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | nja /ndʒa/ |
| Paka | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | likati /likati/ | ikati /ikati/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | kaze /kaze/ |
| Samaki | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | ihlambi /iɬambi/ | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | inhlanti /iɬanti/ | intlanzi /intɬanzi/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | tapi /tapi/ |
| Ndege | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | intaka /inˈtaka/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ |
| Kipepeo | ivevane /iveˈvane/ | iviyaviyani /ivijavijani/ | uvemvane /uvemˈvaːne/ | luvivane /luvivane/ | ibhabhathane /ibʱabʱaˈtʰaːne/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ |
| Yai | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | licandza /liǀandza/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | tandza /tandza/ | lii /liː/ |
| Dubu | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /iˈbʱeːre/ | libhele /libʱele/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | bere /bere/ | bele /bele/ |
| Farasi | ibhiza /iˈbiza/ | injomani /indʒoˈmani/ | ihhashi /iˈɦaːʃi/ | lihhashi /liɦaʃi/ | ihashe /iˈhaʃe/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | pizi /pizi/ |
| Nyumba | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | ndu /ndu/ |
| Maziwa | uchago /uˈtʃaɡo/ | ibisi /iˈɓisi/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | lubisi /luˈɓisi/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | masi /masi/ | mabisi /mabisi/ |
| Asali | uluju /uludʒu/ | iliju /ilidʒu/ | uju /udʒu/ | luju /ludʒu/ | ubusi /ubusi/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | linosi /linosi/ |
| Chumvi | itswayi /itswaji/ | itswayi /itswaji/ | usawoti /usaˈwoti/ | luswayi /luswaji/ | ityuwa /iˈtjuwa/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ |
| Mvinyo | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | liwayini /liwajini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waine /waine/ |
| Chuma | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | isimbi /iˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | intsimbi /inˈtsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | sipi /sipi/ |
| Gurudumu | ivili /iˈvili/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | isondo /iˈsondo/ | lisondvo /liˈsondvo/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | liwili /liwili/ |
| Hariri | isilika /isiˈlika/ | isilika /isiˈlika/ | usilika /usiˈliːka/ | silika /silika/ | isilika /isiˈliːka/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ |
| Kitabu | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | incwadzi /iŋǀʷadzi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | buku /buku/ | buka /buka/ |
| Kula | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | kudla /kuɮa/ | ukutya /ukutʲa/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ |
| Kunywa | ukunatha /ukunatʰa/ | ukusela /ukusela/ | ukuphuza /ukupʰuza/ | kunatsa /kunatsa/ | ukusela /ukusɛla/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Kulala | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | kulobala /kulobala/ |
| Moja | nye /ɲe/ | nye /ɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | inye /iɲɛ/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ |
| Mbili | kubili /kubili/ | kubili /kuɓili/ | kubili /kuˈɓili/ | kubili /kuɓiːli/ | mbini /mbiːni/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | peli /peli/ |
| Tatu | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰaːtʰu/ | kutsatfu /kutsʼatfu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | talu /talu/ |
| Nne | kune /kune/ | kune /kunɛ/ | kune /kuːne/ | kune /kune/ | kune /kune/ | mune /mune/ | ne /ne/ |
| Tano | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | ihlanu /iɬanu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | sihlanu /siɬaːnu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ |
| Mia | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | likhulu /liˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | dzana /dzana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ |
| Habari | salibonani /saliɓonani/ | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | molo /molo/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | lumela /lumela/ |
| Asante | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ | ngiyabonga /ŋɡijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | enkosi /ɛnkosi/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ |
| Nzuri | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | lungile /luŋɡilɛ/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | nde /nde/ |
| Mpya | tsha /tʃʰa/ | tjha /tʃʰa/ | sha /ʃa/ | sha /ʃa/ | tsha /tʃʰa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | nca /ntʃa/ |
| Nyekundu | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bovu /ɓoːvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | fubelu /fubelu/ |
| Nyeupe | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /ˈmɬɔːpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔːpʰe/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | sweu /sweu/ |
| Nyeusi | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | nzima /nzima/ | mnyama /ˈmɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | ntima /ntima/ | nsu /nsu/ |
| Kijani | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| Buluu | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| Kekeo | inkanku /iⁿˈkaŋku/ | — | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | phezukwemkhono /pʰɛzukwɛmˈkʰono/ | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | ngwafalantala /ŋʷafalanˈtala/ | — |
| Kompyuta | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | ikhomphyutha /ikʰompʰjutʰa/ | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | i-computer | ikhompyutha /ikʰompjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Chai | itiye /itije/ | itiye /iˈtije/ | itiye /iˈtijɛ/ | litiya /litija/ | iti /iˈti/ | tiya /tija/ | tii /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | ikhofi /ikʰofi/ | ikofi /ikofi/ | ikhofi /iˈkʰofi/ | likhofi /likʰofi/ | ikofu /iˈkoːfu/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| Sukari | itshukela /itʃukela/ | itjhukela /itʃʰukela/ | ushukela /uʃuˈkɛːla/ | shukela /ʃukela/ | iswekile /isweˈkiːle/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 99 | amatshumi aficamunwemunye lesificamunwemunye /amatʃumi afiǀamunwemunje lesifiǀamunwemunje/ | amatjhumi alithoba nethoba /amatʃʰumi alitʰoɓa netʰoɓa/ | amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye /amaʃumi ajisiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe nesiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe/ | emashumi layimfica nemfica /emaʃumi lajimfiǀa nemfiǀa/ | amashumi asithoba anesithoba /amaʃumi asitʰɔɓa anesitʰɔɓa/ | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | — |
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