Tao
Kitao
Kiaustronesia (Batanic)
Tao (Yami, Tao Tao) ni ya kipekee miongoni mwa lugha za asili zinazotambuliwa za Taiwan kwa kuwa ndiyo lugha pekee ya Kimalayo-Polynesia (tawi la Batanic) — siyo ya Kiformosa — inayozungumzwa na watu ~3,000 kwenye Kisiwa cha Orchid (Lanyu, kilicho karibu na pwani ya kusini-mashariki ya Taiwan). Inahusiana kwa karibu na Ivatan ya Visiwa vya Batanes nchini Ufilipino, ikionyesha njia za usafiri wa baharini wa Waaustronesia za kabla ya historia. Maarufu kwa mzunguko wa kina wa ibada ya samaki-warukao Mivanwa, miiko ya uvuvi wa baharini, na desturi ya mashujaa wenye silaha za fedha. Maandishi ya Kilatini yameendelezwa tangu mwaka 2001 sambamba na mpango wa Taiwan wa elimu ya lugha za asili.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kitao
satto
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia (Batanic)
| Maana | Kitao | Kiivatan | Kiitbayaten | Kimaranao | Kimalei cha Kale | Kitagalog cha Kale | Kibicolano cha Iriga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ranom /ranom/ | danom /danom/ | ranom /ranom/ | ig /iɡ/ | air /air/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Moto | apuy /apuj/ | apoy /apoj/ | hapoy /hapoj/ | apoy /apoj/ | api /api/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ |
| Jua | araw /araw/ | araw /araw/ | araw /araw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | matari /matari/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | aldəw /aldəw/ |
| Mwezi | vehan /vehan/ | vohan /vohan/ | voxan /voɣan/ | bolan /bolan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bulən /bulən/ |
| Nyota | vituen /vituən/ | vitohen /vitohɨn/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bitóon /bituʔon/ |
| Usiku | mahep /mahəp/ | maʼhep /maʔhɨp/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ | gagawiʼi /ɡaɡawiʔi/ | malam /malam/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | gabʼi /ɡabʔi/ |
| Mvua | cimoy /tsimoi/ | timoy /timoj/ | timoy /timoj/ | oran /ʔoran/ | — | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | uran /uran/ |
| Upepo | pagpag /paɡpaɡ/ | salawsaw /salawsaw/ | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | angín /aˈŋin/ |
| Udongo | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | lopaʼ /lopaʔ/ | — | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | ragaʼ /raɡaʔ/ |
| Jiwe | vato /vato/ | bato /bato/ | vato /vato/ | wato /wato/ | batu /batu/ | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ |
| Mlima | tokon /tokon/ | tokon /tokon/ | — | palaw /paˈlaw/ | — | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | bukid /bukid/ |
| Bahari | wawa /wawa/ | taaw /taaw/ | hawa /hawa/ | ragat /raɡat/ | — | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dágat /ˈdaɡat/ |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ina/ |
| Baba | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Binti | anak a mavakes /anak a mavakes/ | anak a mavakes /anak a mavakɨs/ | — | wataʼ a bebay /wataʔ a bəbaj/ | — | — | — |
| Mimi | yaken /jakən/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | ako /ako/ | aku /aku/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | akó /ʔako/ |
| Wewe | imo /ʔimo/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | seka /sɵka/ | kamu /kamu/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikā /ʔika/ |
| Sisi | yaten / yamen /jatən / jamən/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | kitā / kamī /kita / kami/ |
| Jina | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Mtu | tao /tao/ | tao /tao/ | tawo /tawo/ | taw /taw/ | — | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tawó /taˈwo/ |
| Kichwa | oo /oo/ | oho /oho/ | oxo /oɣo/ | olo /olo/ | — | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | payo /paˈjo/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | tadinya /tadiɲa/ | talinya /taliɲa/ | tangila /taŋila/ | — | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ |
| Pua | momodan /momodan/ | mohed /mohɨd/ | mohdan /mohdan/ | ngirong /ŋiroŋ/ | — | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | oróng /oˈɾoŋ/ |
| Mdomo | ngongoy /ŋoŋoj/ | vivi /vivi/ | vivih /vivih/ | ngariʼ /ŋariʔ/ | — | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | ngangá /ŋaˈŋa/ |
| Jino | nepen /nəpən/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | ngipen /ŋipən/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ |
| Ulimi | lila /lilaʔ/ | rida /rida/ | rila /rila/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | riraʼ /riraʔ/ |
| Mkono | kamay /kamaj/ | tanoro /tanoro/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kamət /kamət/ |
| Mguu | ai /ai/ | kokod /kokod/ | ayi /aji/ | aʼi /aʔi/ | — | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ | — |
| Moyo | paso /paso/ | tawol /tawol/ | tawor /tawor/ | pusoʼ /pusoʔ/ | hati /hati/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | puso /puso/ |
| Mfupa | toang /toaŋ/ | tohang /tohaŋ/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ | tolan /toˈlan/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ |
| Damu | rala /ralaʔ/ | raya /raja/ | raya /raja/ | rogoʼ /roɡoʔ/ | darah /darah/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | rugoʼ /ruɡoʔ/ |
| Kinyesi | obot /obot/ | — | — | taʼi /taʔi/ | — | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ | — |
| Upendo | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | addaw /addaw/ | — /—/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ |
| Mti | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayoh /kajoh/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayu /kaju/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ |
| Mbwa | ino /ino/ | cito /tʃito/ | tito /tito/ | aso /aso/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | ayam /ajam/ |
| Paka | koving /koviŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ |
| Samaki | among /amoŋ/ | among /amoŋ/ | among /amoŋ/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ | ikan /ikan/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isira /ʔiˈsiɾaʔ/ |
| Ndege | laciw /latsiw/ | manomanok /manomanok/ | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ | papanok /papanok/ | burung /buruŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | bayóng /baˈjoŋ/ |
| Kipepeo | pahapahad no anito /pahapahad no anito/ | — | — | — | — | ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ /paɾupaˈɾo/ | — |
| Yai | icioy /itsioj/ | ottioy /ottioj/ | ittiiyoy /ittiijoj/ | orak /orak/ | — | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitloɡ/ |
| Nyumba | vahay /vahaj/ | vahay /vahaj/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ | walay /walaj/ | rumah /rumah/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | baləy /baləj/ |
| Maziwa | mizoko /mizoko/ | gatas /ɡatas/ | — | gatas /ɡatas/ | susu /susu/ | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Chumvi | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | garam /ɡaram/ | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /aˈsin/ |
| Mvinyo | potaw cyo /potaw tsjo/ | vino /vino/ | parek /parɨk/ | — | — | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ | — |
| Mchele | mogis /moɡis/ | — | paray /paraj/ | begas /bəɡas/ | — | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bəgas /bəɡas/ |
| Chuma | vahalang /vahalaŋ/ | vahayang /vahajaŋ/ | — | potaw /potaw/ | — | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ | — |
| Kitabu | vakong /vakoŋ/ | libro /libro/ | — | ribro /ribro/ | — | — | libro /libˈɾo/ |
| Kula | kuman /kuman/ | koman /koman/ | koman /koman/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kaən /kaʔən/ |
| Kunywa | minum /minum/ | ominom /ominom/ | ominom /ominom/ | minom /minom/ | minum /minum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | inum /inum/ |
| Kulala | mitkeh /mitkəh/ | makayceh /makajtʃɨh/ | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ | matorog /matoˈroɡ/ | tidur /tidur/ | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ |
| Moja | asa /asa/ | asa /asa/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ | isa /isa/ | sa /sa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | əsad /əsad/ |
| Mbili | doa /doa/ | dadwa /dadwa/ | doha /doha/ | dowa /dowa/ | dua /dua/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | darwā /darwaː/ |
| Tatu | tilo /tilo/ | tatdo /tatdo/ | atlo /atlo/ | telu /təlu/ | tlu /tlu/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tolō /toloː/ |
| Nne | apat /apat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | pat /pat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | əpat /əpat/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | ranaw /ranaw/ | omyatos /omjatos/ | omyatos /omjatos/ | magatos /maɡatos/ | ratus /ratus/ | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | sanggatos /saŋɡaˈtos/ |
| Habari | akokay /akokaj/ | Kapian capa nu dios /kapian tʃapa nu dios/ | — /—/ | kapian /kapijan/ | — /—/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Asante | ayoy /ajoj/ | Dios mamajes /dios mamahes/ | — /—/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ |
| Nzuri | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapija/ | baik /baik/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ |
| Mpya | vayo /vajo/ | vayo /vajo/ | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ | bego /bəɡo/ | — | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | bago /baˈɡo/ |
| Nyekundu | mivalah /mivalah/ | mavaya /mavaja/ | mavayah /mavajah/ | marigaʼ /maˈriɡaʔ/ | merah /merah/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| Nyeupe | malavang /malavaŋ/ | maydak /majdak/ | mahilak /mahilak/ | mapoti /maˈpotiʔ/ | putih /putih/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | maputi /maˈputiʔ/ |
| Nyeusi | mavaheng /mavahəŋ/ | mavaheng /mavahɨŋ/ | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ | hitam /hitam/ | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itom /iˈtom/ |
| Kijani | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | maarem /maarɨm/ | maharem /maharɨm/ | gadong /ˈɡadoŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Buluu | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | asol /asol/ | asol /asol/ | biro /ˈbiro/ | — | — | — |
| Kompyuta | tiannaw /tiannaw/ | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Sukari | satto | asukar /asukar/ | — | golaʼ /ɡolaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Chungwa | vazcinok /vaztsinok/ | kutay | — | — | — | — | — |
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