Aghem

Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Grassfields, Ring)

FamilyAtlantic-Congo (Bantu, Grassfields, Ring) Speakers~30K ScriptLatin (with grave/circumflex tone diacritics + apostrophe ' for glottal stop) CountriesCameroon (Northwest Region — Wum and Menchum subdivision) Official inNo (English/French are official Cameroon; Aghem is recognized indigenous) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3agq

Aghem (also Wum) is a Grassfields Bantu language of the Ring branch, spoken in the Wum area of Cameroon's Northwest Region. Linguistically influential out of proportion to its size: Larry Hyman's extensive work on Aghem (especially the 1979 monograph "Aghem Grammatical Structure") established it as a key reference language for tone, focus marking, and noun-class systems in African linguistics. Notable for an unusual two-tier focus system marked by post-verbal vs. in-situ subject placement, and a tone system with floating tones and downstep.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Aghem

Water

mùghù

mùɣù

Fire

wə̀n

wə̀n

Sun

zuuw

zuːw

Moon

dzɔ̄ŋ

dzɔ̄ŋ

Star

sə̀ghàbəlà

sə̀ɣàbəlà

Night

achoʼ

atʃoʔ

Rain

ghuuw

ɣuːw

Snow

fùuŋ

fùːŋ

Wind

kwɛ̌ɛ

kwɛ̌ː

Stone

tia

tia

Mountain

kwàʼ

kwàʔ

Sea

dzùghùntsòʼ

dzùɣùntsòʔ

Mother

zə̂

zə̂

Father

tsele

tsele

I

à

à

You

ò

ò

We

—

—

Name

zən

zən

Person

ghùw

ɣùw

Head

kətuw

kətuw

Eye

sə

sə

Ear

tùŋlo

tùŋlo

Mouth

dzughu

dzuɣu

Tooth

sɔŋ

sɔŋ

Tongue

nom

nom

Hand

kwe

kwe

Heart

fə̂ŋ

fə̂ŋ

Bone

xo

xo

Blood

tikaŋ

tikaŋ

Love

ləgha

ləɣa

Tree

kâʼ

kâʔ

Dog

bvʉ

bvʉ

Cat

gò

ɡò

Fish

tsəgha

tsəɣa

Bird

nwə̀n

nwə̀n

Egg

eghum

eɣum

Horse

kə̀anyòm

kə̀aɲòm

House

ndughu

nduɣu

Milk

kəmēlē

kəmēlē

Honey

fə̀dɔ̂ŋ

fə̀dɔ̂ŋ

Salt

ntsôʼ

ntsôʔ

Wine

lʉ̀

lʉ̀

Iron

ubvūʼ

ubvūʔ

Book

mwàʼsò

mwàʔsò

Eat

pfʉa

pfʉa

Drink

mʉ̌a

mʉ̌a

Sleep

bwii

bwiː

One

mɔ̀ʼ

mɔ̀ʔ

Two

bə̀ghà

bə̀ɣà

Three

tɨ́gá

tɨ́ɣá

Four

cìakɔ̀

tʃìakɔ̀

Five

tɛ̀

tɛ̀

Hello

kâaʼ

kaːʔ

Thank you

ŋyaaʼ

ŋjaːʔ

Good

dzûŋ

dzûŋ

New

fughu

fuɣu

Red

bàŋ

bàŋ

White

fə̀m

fə̀m

Black

ləŋ

ləŋ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Grassfields, Ring)

Meaning AghemMeta'Situ rGyalrongEwondoBeromBlinDan
Water mùghù /mùɣù/ mɨnib /mɨnib/ tə-tɕi /tətɕi/ medzim /medzim/ nshí /nʃí/ ዓቍ /ʕakʷʼ/ yi̋ /ji̋/
Fire wə̀n /wə̀n/ ɨwid /ɨwid/ tə-mtɕək /təmtɕək/ ndoa /ndoa/ kya /kʲa/ ለኻ /ləxa/ pɛ̄ŋ /pɛ̄ŋ/
Sun zuuw /zuːw/ nyùmə̀ /ɲùmə̀/ kə-jam /kəjam/ dzōb /dʒoːb/ gwi /ɡwi/ ኳራ /kʷara/ yʌ́nŋ̏ /jʌ̃́ŋ̏/
Moon dzɔ̄ŋ /dzɔ̄ŋ/ ɨmɨg /ɨmɨɡ/ tsə la /tsəla/ ngɔn /ŋɡɔn/ pwɛl /pwɛl/ አርባ /ʔarba/ sű /sű/
Star sə̀ghàbəlà /sə̀ɣàbəlà/ fɨtəmɨ /fɨtəmɨ/ tsəu ri /tsəuri/ ôtɛtɛ /ótɛtɛ/ taŋaten /taŋaˈten/ ሽንግርዋ /ʃɨnɡrɨwa/ sűsʌ̄nŋ́ /sűsʌ̃̄ŋ́/
Night achoʼ /atʃoʔ/ ɨzimɨ /ɨzimɨ/ tə-mor /təmor/ alu /alu/ turuk /turuk/ ቂር /kʼir/ gbēŋ /ɡbēŋ/
Rain ghuuw /ɣuːw/ mbə̀ŋ /mbə̀ŋ/ tə-mu /təmu/ mveŋ /mvəŋ/ rwak /rwak/ — dhā /ɗā/
Snow fùuŋ /fùːŋ/ — ta-jpa /tajpa/ — — — —
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