Muysccubun
Chibcha
Chibchan · historical / hidden variety
Chibcha (Muysccubun, the language of the Muisca) was the principal language of the Muisca Confederation in the highlands of central Colombia (Bogotá, Tunja). Recorded in Lugo's grammar (1619) and the Anonymous grammar (early 17c.). It became extinct in the late 18th century but contemporary efforts at revival are underway. Many Colombian place names (Bogotá, Bacatá, Funza) are Chibcha in origin.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Chibcha
Sources
- Diego F. Gómez, Diccionario muysca–español (muysca.cubun.org, 2008–2026; read via Wayback), built on Ms. 158 of the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia (González de Pérez 1987; Gómez & Torres 2013) and the Vocabulario mosco Mss. II/2922–2924 (Giraldo & Gómez 2012); es.wikipedia "Idioma muisca" vocabulary tables (citing Gómez); Wiktionary Chibcha lemmas
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Chibchan
| Meaning | Chibcha | Lardil | Hajong | Proto-Uto-Aztecan | Wichita | Yuchi | Itbayaten |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | sié /sje/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | pani /pani/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | tse /tse/ | ranom /ranom/ |
| Fire | gata /ɡata/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | ag /aɡ/ | *na- /na/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | hapoy /hapoj/ |
| Sun | súa /sua/ | warrka /waɾka/ | bela /bela/ | *ta /ta/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | tso /tso/ | araw /araw/ |
| Moon | chía /tʃia/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | চান /tʃan/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | waːh /waːh/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | voxan /voɣan/ |
| Star | fagua /faɣwa/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | tara /taɾa/ | — /—/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ |
| Night | za /tsa/ | nata /nata/ | rati /rati/ | *tuku /tuku/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | pado /pado/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ |
| Rain | siu /siu/ | — | mek /mek/ | *yuku /juku/ | — | — | timoy /timoj/ |
| Snow | hichu /hitʃu/ | — | borof /bɔrof/ | — | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | sta /sta/ | — |
| Wind | fiba /fiba/ | — | batas /batas/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ |
| Earth | hicha /hitʃa/ | — | মাটি /maʈi/ | — | — | — | tana /tana/ |
| Stone | hyca /hɨka/ | — | — | *tɨn /tɨn/ | — | — | vato /vato/ |
| Mother | guaia /ɡwaia/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ma /ma/ | — /—/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | ina /ina/ |
| Father | paba /paba/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | baba /baba/ | — /—/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | ama /ama/ |
| I | hycha /hɨtʃa/ | ngada /ŋada/ | moi /muɪ/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | di /di/ | yaken /jakɨn/ |
| You | mue /mue/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | tui /tuɪ/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | tse /tse/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ |
| We | chie /tʃie/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | amra /amra/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ |
| Name | hyca /hɨka/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | nam /nam/ | *tewa /tewa/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Person | muysca /mɨska/ | — | — | — | ihaas /ihaas/ | — | tawo /tawo/ |
| Head | zysquy /zɨskɨ/ | — | — | *moʔo /moʔo/ | — | — | oxo /oɣo/ |
| Eye | upqua /upkʷa/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | soku /sɔku/ | *pusi /pusi/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | cuhuca /kuhuka/ | — | kan /kan/ | *naka /naka/ | — | — | talinya /taliɲa/ |
| Nose | saca /saka/ | — | nak /nak/ | *yaka /jaka/ | — | — | mohdan /mohdan/ |
| Mouth | quyhyca /kɨhɨka/ | — | — | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | — | — | vivih /vivih/ |
| Tooth | sica /sika/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | dat /dat/ | *tama /tama/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ |
| Tongue | pqua /pkʷa/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jiba /dʒiba/ | *nene /nene/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | rila /rila/ |
| Hand | yta /ɨta/ | marlda /maɭda/ | hat /hat/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | lima /lima/ |
| Foot | quihicha /kihitʃa/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | theng /ʈʰeŋ/ | *tala /tala/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | ayi /aji/ |
| Heart | puyquy /pujkɨ/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | mon /mon/ | *sula /sula/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | tawor /tawor/ |
| Bone | quyne /kɨne/ | kadma /kadma/ | harang /haraŋ/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ |
| Blood | hyba /hɨba/ | kanda /kanda/ | rokto /rɔkto/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | wi /wi/ | raya /raja/ |
| Poop | gye /ɡɨe/ | — | — | *kwittaC /kwittaC/ | — | — | — |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | quye /kɨe/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | gas /ɡas/ | *kut /kut/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | kayoh /kajoh/ |
| Dog | to /to/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | kuthura /kutʰuɾa/ | — /—/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | dzene /dzene/ | tito /tito/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | gua /ɡua/ | yaka /jaka/ | mas /maːtʃʰ/ | *paki /paki/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | shu /ʃu/ | among /amoŋ/ |
| Bird | sue /sue/ | — | — | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ |
| Bear | guia /ɡuia/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Horse | hycabai /hɨkabai/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| House | gué /ɡwe/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | ghor /ɡʱoɾ/ | *ki /ki/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | yufa /jufa/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ |
| Milk | chuexiu /tʃwesiu/ | — | dudh /dudʱ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Salt | nygua /nɨɡua/ | — | — | *ona /ona/ | — | — | asin /asin/ |
| Book | quanne /kwanːe/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eat | quychua /kɨtʃwa/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | kha /kʰa/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | koman /koman/ |
| Drink | biohotysuca /bjohotɨsuka/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | kha /kʰa/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | ominom /ominom/ |
| Sleep | quybysuca /kɨβɨsuka/ | — | ghuma /ɡʱuma/ | *koci /koci/ | — | — | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ |
| One | ata /ata/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | ek /ek/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ |
| Two | boza /boza/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | dui /duɪ/ | *wo /wo/ | wic /wits/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | doha /doha/ |
| Three | mica /mika/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | tin /tin/ | *pahi /pahi/ | taw /taw/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | atlo /atlo/ |
| Four | muyhyca /mɨhɨka/ | — | — | — | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | — | aʼpat /aʔpat/ |
| Five | hyzca /hɨzka/ | — | — | — | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | choin /tʃoin/ | kuba /kuba/ | bhala /bʱala/ | — /—/ | acs /atss/ | sæle /sæle/ | mapia /mapia/ |
| New | fihiza /fihiza/ | — | — | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | — | — | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ |
| Red | hychen mague /hɨtʃen maɡwe/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | lal /lal/ | — /—/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | mavayah /mavajah/ |
| White | apquyhyzyn mague /apkɨhɨzɨn maɡwe/ | — | dhola /dʱola/ | *tosa /tosa/ | — | — | mahilak /mahilak/ |
| Black | muyhyxio /mɨhɨsio/ | — | — | — | — | — | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ |
| Green | chysquyco /tʃɨskɨko/ | — | — | — | — | — | maharem /maharɨm/ |
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