Dogosò
Donno So
Niger-Congo
Donno So (also called Kamba So) is a Dogon language of the Niger-Congo family, spoken by around 50,000 people in the Mopti region of Mali along the Bandiagara escarpment. The Dogon people are internationally famous for their cliff-dwelling settlements along the 150 km Bandiagara escarpment, their elaborate traditional cosmology (extensively documented by French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in the mid-20th century, though his ethnography is now considered partly fanciful), and their distinctive masked dance traditions for Dama funerary rites. Linguistically, the Dogon family is small and distinctive, with around 13 traditional Dogon languages including Donno So, Toro So, Tommo So, Toro Tegu, Tomo Kan, and Jamsay; the languages are mutually unintelligible despite their geographic proximity. The Dogon languages preserve features of considerable historical-comparative interest, with their position within Niger-Congo still debated.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Donno So
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo
| Meaning | Donno So | Dagbani | Dii | Garhwali | Mende | Fula | Eastern Maninka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | di /di/ | kom /kom/ | mam /mam/ | पाणि /paːɳi/ | njei /ndʒei/ | ndiyam /ndijam/ | ji /dʒi/ |
| Fire | nyaŋ /ɲaŋ/ | buɣim /buɣim/ | vee /vee/ | आग /aːɡ/ | ngɔmbu /ŋɡɔmbu/ | yiite /jiːte/ | ta /ta/ |
| Sun | naŋ /naŋ/ | wuntaŋa /wuntaŋa/ | zá̧ga̧ /zãɡã/ | सूरज /suːrədʒ/ | folo /folo/ | naange /naːŋɡe/ | tele /tele/ |
| Moon | ugɔ /uɡɔ/ | goli /ɡoli/ | sȩȩ /sẽː/ | जून /dʒuːn/ | ngalu /ŋɡalu/ | lewru /lewɾu/ | karo /karo/ |
| Star | tolo /tolo/ | saŋmariga /saŋmariɡa/ | zoo waa /zoo waː/ | तारा /taːɾaː/ | tumbeka /tumbeka/ | hoodere /hoːdeɾe/ | lolo /lolo/ |
| Night | diga /diɡa/ | yuŋ /juŋ/ | vid /vid/ | रात /raːt/ | kpindi /kpindi/ | jemma /dʒemːa/ | su /su/ |
| Rain | ana /ana/ | saa /saː/ | — | बरखा /bəɾkʰaː/ | — | toɓo /ˈtoɓo/ | sanji /saɲɟi/ |
| Wind | gɛɛdɛ /ɡɛːdɛ/ | pɔhim /pɔhim/ | sápéém /sapeːm/ | हवा /ɦəʋaː/ | fɛfɛ /fɛfɛ/ | henndu /hendu/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ |
| Earth | tay /taj/ | tiŋa /tiŋa/ | hág /haɡ˥/ | माटो /maːʈo/ | — | leydi /lejdi/ | duukolo /duːkolo/ |
| Stone | tibu /tibu/ | kuɣili /kuɣili/ | ʼyɛgɛ /ʔjɛɡɛ/ | पत्थर /ˈpətːʰər/ | kɔtu /kɔtu/ | haayre /ˈhaːjre/ | kaba /kaba/ |
| Mountain | pɛgɛlɛŋ /pɛɡɛlɛŋ/ | zoli /zoli/ | gʉʉ /ɡʉʉ/ | पाड़ /paːɽ/ | ngiye /ŋɡije/ | fello /fello/ | kɔnkɛ /kɔŋkɛ/ |
| Sea | dibe /dibe/ | teeku /teːku/ | mam gbo̧o̧ /mam ɡbõː/ | समुन्दर /səmundər/ | — | geec /ɡeːtʃ/ | kɔɔji /kɔːdʒi/ |
| Mother | na /na/ | ma /ma/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | बोई /boi/ | nje /ndʒe/ | yumma /jumːa/ | ba /ba/ |
| Father | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | baʼ /baʔ/ | बुबा /bubaː/ | kɛkɛ /kɛkɛ/ | baaba /baːba/ | fa /fa/ |
| Daughter | yaana ii /jaːna iː/ | bipuɣiŋga /bipuɣiŋɡa/ | waa kȩ́ȩ́ /waː keː/ | धिया /dʱijaː/ | nyahalo /ɲahalo/ | ɓiɗɗo debbo /ɓiɗːo debːo/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ |
| I | mi /mi/ | mani /mani/ | mí /mi/ | मि /mi/ | nya /ɲá/ | miin /miːn/ | ne /ne/ |
| You | u /u/ | nyini /ɲini/ | mɔ́ /mɔ/ | तू /tu/ | bi /bí/ | aan /aːn/ | i /i/ |
| We | ɛmmɛ /ɛmːɛ/ | tinima /tinima/ | ba / vo /ba / vo/ | हम /ham/ | mu /mu/ | enen / minen /enen / minen/ | an /án/ |
| Name | boy /bɔj/ | yuli /juli/ | yéé /jeː/ | नौ /nɔ/ | laa /láá/ | innde /inːde/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ |
| Person | inde /indɛ/ | ninsala /ninsala/ | nánán /nanan/ | मनखि /mənkʰi/ | numu /numu/ | neɗɗo /neɗːo/ | mɔɔ /mɔː/ |
| Head | kuu /kuː/ | zuɣu /zuɣu/ | yúú /juː/ | मुंड /muɳɖ/ | ngu /ŋɡu/ | hoore /hoːre/ | kun /kũ/ |
| Eye | giru /ɡiru/ | nini /nini/ | nɔ́ɔ́ /nɔɔ/ | आँख /ãːkʰ/ | ngama /ŋɡama/ | yitere /jiteɾe/ | ɲa /ɲa/ |
| Ear | sugulu /suɡulu/ | tibili /tibili/ | tɔ́g /tɔɡ/ | कन्दूड़ /kənduːɽ/ | woli /wóli/ | nofru /nofru/ | tolo /tolo/ |
| Nose | kinu /kinu/ | nyee /ɲeː/ | mìg /miɡ/ | नाक /naːk/ | — | hinere /hinere/ | nun /nũ/ |
| Mouth | kɛnnɛ /kɛnːɛ/ | noli /noli/ | ya̧g /jãɡ/ | गिच्चा /ɡitʃːaː/ | nda /nda/ | hunuko /hunuko/ | da /da/ |
| Tooth | inu /inu/ | nyini /ɲini/ | nuʼ /nuʔ/ | दांत /dãːt/ | ngongou /ŋɡoŋɡou/ | ñiire /ɲiːre/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ |
| Tongue | nɛndɛ /nɛndɛ/ | zilinli /zilinli/ | mɛ /mɛ/ | जीब /dʒiːb/ | nɛi /nɛi/ | ɗemngal /ɗemŋɡal/ | nɛn /nɛn/ |
| Hand | numɔ /numɔ/ | nuu /nuː/ | nag /naɡ/ | हाथ /haːtʰ/ | loko /loko/ | junngo /dʒuŋːɡo/ | bolo /bolo/ |
| Foot | kubɔ /kubɔ/ | napɔŋ /napɔŋ/ | doo /doo/ | खुट्टु /kʰuʈːu/ | kɔwɔ /kɔwɔ/ | koyngal /kojŋɡal/ | sen /sen/ |
| Heart | kindɛ /kindɛ/ | suhu /suhu/ | zó̧ó̧ /zõː/ | मन /mən/ | lii /liː/ | ɓernde /ɓeɾnde/ | jusu /dʒusu/ |
| Bone | kee /keː/ | kɔbili /kɔbili/ | nɛng /nɛŋ/ | हाड़ /haːɽ/ | kala /kala/ | ƴiʼal /ʄiʔal/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Blood | ni /ni/ | ʒim /ʒim/ | mem /mɛm/ | लोई /loiː/ | ŋama /ŋama/ | ƴiiƴam /ʄiːʄam/ | jeli /dʒeli/ |
| Poop | bede /bede/ | bindi /bindi/ | víd /vid/ | — | — | kuudi /kuːdi/ | bo /bo/ |
| Love | ibɛ /ibɛ/ | yu /ju/ | kūngí /kuŋɡi/ | मया /məjaː/ | ndolo /ndolo/ | yiɗde /jiɗde/ | kanin /kanĩ/ |
| Tree | timmɛ /timːɛ/ | tia /tia/ | laʼ /laʔ/ | डालो /ɖaːlo/ | ngulu /ŋɡulu/ | lekki /lekːi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ |
| Dog | idu /idu/ | baa /baː/ | ya̧ʼa̧d /jãʔãd/ | कुकुर /kukur/ | ngila /ŋɡila/ | rawaandu /ɾawaːndu/ | wulu /wulu/ |
| Cat | gamma /ɡamːa/ | jɛŋkuno /dʒɛŋkuno/ | ngwā /ŋɡwa/ | बिराळी /biraːɭiː/ | gɔngɔ /ɡɔŋɡɔ/ | ullundu /ulːundu/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ |
| Fish | — /—/ | zahim /zahim/ | zeʼ /zeʔ/ | माठु /maːʈʰu/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | liingu /liːŋɡu/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ |
| Bird | sadaa /sadaː/ | nooŋa /noːŋa/ | nɔ́g waa /nɔɡ waː/ | पंछी /pə̃tʃʰiː/ | — | sonndu /sonndu/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ |
| Butterfly | gɔmbu-gɔmbɛy /ɡɔmbuɡɔmbɛj/ | kahimpiɛɣu /kahimpiɛɣu/ | láláb /lalab/ | — | — | — | firinfirinlen /fiɾinfiɾinlen/ |
| Egg | talu /talu/ | galli /ɡalli/ | ba̧ʼ /bãʔ/ | अंड्रु /əɳɖru/ | ngalu /ŋɡalu/ | boofo /boːfo/ | kili /kili/ |
| Horse | soŋ /soŋ/ | wahu /wahu/ | goʼoy /ɡoʔoj/ | घोड़ू /ɡʱoɽuː/ | so /so/ | puccu /putʃːu/ | so /so/ |
| House | ginɛ /ɡinɛ/ | yili /jili/ | lig /liɡ/ | घौर /ɡʱɔr/ | pɛlɛ /pɛlɛ/ | suudu /suːdu/ | bon /bon/ |
| Milk | iru /iru/ | bihim /bihim/ | va̧a̧ /vãː/ | दूध /duːdʱ/ | nyiniya /ɲinija/ | kosam /kosam/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ |
| Honey | igɛ /iɡɛ/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | naam /naːm/ | सौद /sɔd/ | kɔmi /kɔmi/ | njuumri /ndʒuːmri/ | li /li/ |
| Salt | neŋ /neŋ/ | yalim /jalim/ | ta̧m /tãm/ | लूण /luːɳ/ | kpolo /kpolo/ | lamɗam /lamɗam/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ |
| Rice | ara /ara/ | shinkaafa /ʃinkaːfa/ | tʉ́d hó̧d /tʉd hõd/ | — | — | maaro /maːro/ | malo /malo/ |
| Iron | inɛ /inɛ/ | kurugu /kuruɡu/ | hɨɨ /hɨː/ | लोहा /loːɦaː/ | kɔlu /kɔlu/ | njamndi /ˈndʒamndi/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ |
| Eat | nyaa /ɲaː/ | di /di/ | lá /la/ | खाणु /kʰaːɳu/ | mɛ /mɛ/ | ñaamde /ɲaːmde/ | domun /domũ/ |
| Drink | nɔ /nɔ/ | nyu /ɲu/ | zɔ /zɔ/ | पीण /piːɳ/ | kpɔle /kpɔle/ | yarude /jaɾude/ | min /min/ |
| Sleep | girii yeyyee /ɡiriː jejːeː/ | gbihi /ɡbihi/ | nə nəm /nə nəm/ | सीण /siːɳ/ | — | ɗaanaade /ɗaːnaːde/ | sunɔɔ /sunɔː/ |
| One | turu /turu/ | yini /jini/ | dágá /daɡa/ | एक /eːk/ | yila /jila/ | goʼo /ɡoʔo/ | kelen /kelen/ |
| Two | lɛy /lɛj/ | ayi /aji/ | idú /idu/ | दुई /dui/ | fele /félé/ | ɗiɗi /ɗiɗi/ | fila /fila/ |
| Three | taandu /taːndu/ | ata /ata/ | taanɔ́ /tãːnɔ/ | तीन /tiːn/ | sawa /sawa/ | tati /tati/ | saba /saba/ |
| Four | nay /naj/ | anahi /anahi/ | ndaddʉ /ndaddʉ/ | चार /tʃaːr/ | naani /naːni/ | nayi /naji/ | naani /naːni/ |
| Five | nnɔ /nːɔ/ | anu /anu/ | nɔ́nɔ́ /nɔnɔ/ | पाँच /pãːtʃ/ | lɔɔlu /lɔːlu/ | jowi /dʒoːwi/ | loolu /lóːlu/ |
| Hundred | tɛmdɛrɛ /tɛmdɛrɛ/ | kɔbiga /kɔbiɡa/ | tȩmɛre /tẽmɛre/ | सौ /sɔ/ | hɔndɔ /hɔndɔ/ | teemedere /teːmedeɾe/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ |
| Hello | yaamɔ /jaːmɔ/ | dasiba /dasiba/ | mbóò /mboo/ | राम राम /raːm raːm/ | bua /bua/ | jam tan /dʒam tan/ | i ni se /i ni se/ |
| Thank you | gaanaa /ɡaːnaː/ | mpaɣya /mpaɣja/ | vɛɛɛ /vɛːɛ/ | धन्यवाद /dʱənjəbaːd/ | bisɛ /bisɛ/ | a jaaraama /a dʒaːɾaːma/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ |
| Good | seeƞ /sẽː/ | viɛla /viɛla/ | dʉʉ /dʉʉ/ | अच्छो /ətʃːʰo/ | nyande /ɲande/ | moƴƴo /moʄːo/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ |
| New | kanda /kanda/ | palli /palli/ | ʼmaŋ /ʔmaŋ/ | नयूं /nəjũː/ | nina /nina/ | keso /keso/ | kuda /kuda/ |
| Red | banu /banu/ | ʒee /ʒeː/ | yȩ́ȩ́ /jẽː/ | लाल /laːl/ | kpɔlu /kpɔlu/ | boɗeejo /boɗeːdʒo/ | wulen /wulen/ |
| White | pilu /pilu/ | piɛlli /piɛlli/ | hèè /hee/ | सफेद /səpʰeːd/ | kɔlɛ /kɔlɛ/ | daneejo /daneːdʒo/ | gbɛ /ɡbɛ/ |
| Black | gɛŋ /ɡɛŋ/ | sabinli /sabinli/ | — | कालु /kaːlu/ | tɛli /tɛli/ | ɓaleejo /ɓaleːdʒo/ | fin /fiɲ/ |
| Green | wɛru /wɛru/ | — | — | हर्यूं /hərjũː/ | — | haakoojo /haːkoːdʒo/ | binkɛndɛlama /binkɛndɛlama/ |
| Tea | tee /teː/ | tii /tiː/ | — | — | — | — | dute /dute/ |
| Sugar | suugɔrɔ /suːɡɔrɔ/ | sichiri /sitʃiri/ | ta̧m zɨ́gɨd /tãm zɨɡɨd/ | — | — | sukar /sukar/ | — |
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