Kujamaat
Jola-Fonyi
Niger-Congo (Atlantic, Bak)
Jola-Fonyi (Kujamaat) is the principal Jola language of the Casamance region of southern Senegal, also spoken in Gambia and Guinea-Bissau, with ~600K speakers. The Jola people are known for their decentralized society (no traditional kings or chiefs), wet-rice cultivation in the mangrove deltas, and the Kankurang masquerade tradition (UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 2008). Atlantic-Congo Bak branch with rich consonant inventory including implosives, ejectives, and labio-velars (kp, gb). Has noun-class system with concord, but unlike Bantu, classes are marked by suffixes. Recognized as one of Senegal's national languages.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Jola-Fonyi
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo (Atlantic, Bak)
| Meaning | Jola-Fonyi | Pintupi-Luritja | Pitjantjatjara | Rwa | Faiwol | Efik | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mumel /mumel/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | mura /muɾa/ | ok /ok/ | mmọñ /m̩mɔŋ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | sambun /sambun/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | muro /muɾo/ | baal /baːl/ | ikañ /ikaŋ/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | balay /balaj/ | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | saa /saː/ | kibel /kibel/ | utin /utin/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | jileeŋ /ɟileːŋ/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | ulup /ulup/ | ọfiọñ /ɔfiɔŋ/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Star | sili /sili/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | milum /milum/ | ntantaọfiọn̄ /n̩tantaˈɔfiɔŋ/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ |
| Night | huk /huk/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | kio /kio/ | am midla /am midla/ | okoneyo /okonejo/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ |
| Earth | mof /mɔf/ | manta /manta/ | manta /manta/ | uteri /uteɾi/ | bakan /bakan/ | isọñ /isɔŋ/ | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ |
| Mother | — /—/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | mama /mama/ | anim /anim/ | eka /eka/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | ampa /ampa/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | baba /baba/ | atim /atim/ | ete /ete/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| I | iñje /iɲɟe/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | inyi /iɲi/ | na /na/ | ami /aˈmi/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ |
| You | au /au/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | iwe /iwe/ | kaba /kaba/ | afo /aˈfo/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ |
| We | uli /uli/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | ise /ise/ | nu /nu/ | nnyin /nɲin/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ |
| Name | eriñ /eriɲ/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | irina /irina/ | win /win/ | enyiñ /eɲiŋ/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ |
| Eye | u-kil /ukil/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | iriso /iɾiso/ | nin /nin/ | enyin /eɲin/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Nose | eñund /eɲund/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ | — | mutum /mutum/ | ibuo /ibuo/ | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ |
| Tooth | kañin /kaɲin/ | katiti /katiti/ | katiti /katiti/ | iyoo /ijoː/ | kail /kaʔil/ | edet /edet/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ |
| Tongue | furerep /furerep/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | ulumi /ulumi/ | falang /falaŋ/ | edeme /edeme/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ |
| Hand | bu-kal /bukal/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | uko /uko/ | miim /miːm/ | ubọk /ubɔk/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Heart | pu-ngor /puŋɡor/ | kututu /kututu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | kayem /kajem/ | esit /esit/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Bone | kolaku /kolaku/ | tarrka /taɾka/ | tarka /taɻka/ | ifua /ifua/ | kun /kun/ | ọkpọ /ɔkpɔ/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ |
| Blood | fasim /fasim/ | milkali /milkali/ | milkali /milkali/ | usao /usao/ | kaim /kaim/ | iyip /ijip/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ |
| Love | bu-yopo /bujopo/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | lumbo /lumbo/ | kunum /kunum/ | ima /ima/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Tree | bu-rok /burok/ | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | nri /nɾi/ | biin /biːn/ | eto /eto/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| Dog | e-buy /ebuj/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | mboha /mboha/ | kuyak /kujak/ | ebua /ebua/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | e-busa /ebusa/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | paka /paka/ | kit /kit/ | nyabudaha /ɲabudaha/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Fish | ewol /ewol/ | piitji /piːʈi/ | antipina /antipina/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ | takam /takam/ | iyak /ijak/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ |
| House | e-laaf /elaːf/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | numba /numba/ | am /am/ | ufọk /ufɔk/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Wine | wayin /wajin/ | wayina /wajina/ | waina /waina/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | wain /wain/ | wine /wain/ | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ |
| Iron | man /man/ | yayina /jajina/ | ayana /ajana/ | minya /miɲa/ | ayen /ajen/ | ukwak /ukwak/ | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ |
| Eat | e-ri /eri/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | kuria /kuria/ | nemin /nemin/ | dia /dia/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | ka-piti /kapiti/ | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | kunyua /kuɲua/ | ok ne /ok ne/ | ñwọñ /ŋwɔɲ/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| One | enor /enor/ | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ | makuw /makuw/ | kiet /kiet/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Two | sikaba /sikaba/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | fivili /fivili/ | alew /alew/ | iba /iˈba/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ |
| Three | sifegir /sifeɡir/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ | alewbino /alewbino/ | ita /ita/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ |
| Four | sibaakiir /sibaːkiːr/ | puupala /puːpala/ | kutjara kutjara /kucaɻa kucaɻa/ | fiini /fiːni/ | alalew /alalew/ | inaŋ /inaŋ/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ |
| Five | futok /fuˈtok/ | payipala /pajipala/ | kutjara maṉkurpa /kucaɻa maɳkuɻpa/ | firaanu /fiɾaːnu/ | auok kal /auok kal/ | ition /itiɔn/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ |
| Hello | kasumay /kasumaj/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | kira /kiɾa/ | ben kaba /ben kaba/ | mọñọ /mɔɲɔ/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | abaraʼk /abaraʔk/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | asante /asante/ | ngam ngam /ŋam ŋam/ | sọsọñọ /sɔsɔɲɔ/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| Good | esum /esum/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | kya /kja/ | kanim /kanim/ | eti /eti/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
| Red | yim /jim/ | yulpa /julpa/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | kaim /kʰaim/ | ndandat /ndandat/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ |
| White | fit /fit/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ | namal /namal/ | afia /afia/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ |
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