A'uwẽ
Xavante
Macro-Jê (Jê)
Xavante (ISO 639-3: xav), called A’uwẽ mreme by its speakers, is a Central Jê language of the Macro-Jê stock spoken by roughly 12,000–15,000 people in Indigenous communities of eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. It remains the principal community language and is transmitted to children, although Portuguese is widely used in outside relations. Its sound system has nine oral and four nasal vowel qualities with contrastive length and a relatively small consonant inventory; stops have context-dependent oral, nasal, and prenasalized realizations. Clause structure includes object-agent-verb order in ergative constructions, and morphology marks person, number, aspect, and social distinctions such as honorific and endearment forms. Xavante is written in Latin-based orthographies used in Indigenous schools and publications, but communities differ in some spelling conventions.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Xavante
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Macro-Jê (Jê)
| Meaning | Xavante | Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh | Wichita | Tagalog | Makasae | Lardil | Old Persian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | â /ə/ | umoʼ /umoʔ/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ira /ˈira/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | 𐎠𐎱 /aːpi/ |
| Fire | uzâ /uˈzə/ | apui /aˈpui/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ata /ˈata/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | 𐎠𐎫𐎼 /aːtar/ |
| Sun | bâdâ /bəˈdə/ | batŭh andu /batəh andu/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | warrka /waɾka/ | 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎼 /huwar/ |
| Moon | aʼamo /aʔaˈmɔ/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | waːh /waːh/ | buwan /buwan/ | uru /ˈuru/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | 𐎶𐎠𐏃 /maːha/ |
| Star | wasi /waˈsi/ | bintŭʼ /bintəʔ/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎼 /staːra/ |
| Night | mara /maɾa/ | bengaru /bəŋaru/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | nata /nata/ | 𐎧𐏁𐎱 /xʃapa/ |
| Rain | tã /tã/ | — | — | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ae /ae/ | — | — |
| Wind | rowaʼu /ɾɔwaˈʔu/ | — | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | — | — |
| Earth | tiʼa /tiˈʔa/ | tanaʼ /tanaʔ/ | — | lupa /lupaʔ/ | maa /maa/ | — | 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡 /buːmi/ |
| Stone | ẽne /ɛ̃ˈne/ | batu /baˈtu/ | — | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | apa /ˈapa/ | — | 𐎠𐎰𐎥 /aθaŋɡa/ |
| Mountain | ẽtẽ ʼrãihâ /ɛ̃tɛ̃ ʔɾãihə/ | — | — | bundok /bunˈdok/ | — | — | 𐎣𐎢𐎳 /kaufa/ |
| Sea | â poré /ə pɔɾɛ/ | — | — | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | meti /meti/ | — | 𐎭𐎼𐎹 /draja/ |
| Mother | dana /daˈna/ | andŭ /andə/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ˈina/ | ngama /ŋama/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 /maːtar/ |
| Father | damama /damaˈma/ | amang /amaŋ/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 /pitaː/ |
| Daughter | daʼra sipiʼõ /daʔɾa sipiʔɔ̃/ | — | — | anak na babae /ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe/ | — | — | — |
| I | wa /wa/ | aku /aku/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ani /ani/ | ngada /ŋada/ | 𐎠𐎭𐎶 /adam/ |
| You | a /a/ | amuʼ /amuʔ/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ai /ai/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 /tuvam/ |
| We | wa norĩ /wa noɾĩ/ | ami /ami/ | — /—/ | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | 𐎺𐎹𐎶 /vajam/ |
| Name | danhisi /daɲiˈsi/ | ganan /ɡanan/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | nai /nai/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | 𐎴𐎠𐎶 /naːma/ |
| Person | aʼuwẽ /aʔuˈwɛ̃/ | — | ihaas /ihaas/ | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | anu /anu/ | — | 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 /martija/ |
| Head | daʼrã /daʔɾã/ | — | — | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | dae /dae/ | — | — |
| Eye | dato /daˈtɔ/ | bateh /baˈteh/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | mata /mata/ | nana /ˈnana/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | 𐏂𐏁𐎶𐎴 /tʃaʃman/ |
| Ear | dapoʼre /dapɔˈʔɾe/ | kaping /kaˈpiŋ/ | — | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | — | 𐎥𐎢𐏁 /ɡauʃa/ |
| Nose | danhisiʼre /daɲisiˈʔɾe/ | undung /unduŋ/ | — | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | murikai /murikai/ | — | 𐎴𐎠𐏃𐎶 /naːham/ |
| Mouth | dapẽʼẽ /dapɛ̃ˈʔɛ̃/ | bebaʼ /bəbaʔ/ | — | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | turukai /turuˈkai/ | — | — |
| Tooth | daʼwa /daˈʔwa/ | jipeu /dʒipeu/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | wasi /wasi/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | — /—/ |
| Tongue | danhoto /daɲɔˈtɔ/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | ipi /ipi/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | 𐏃𐏀𐎠𐎴𐎶 /hizaːnam/ |
| Hand | danhibʼrada /daɲibʔɾaˈda/ | tangan /taŋan/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | kamay /kamaj/ | tana /ˈtana/ | marlda /maɭda/ | 𐎭𐎿𐎫 /dasta/ |
| Foot | dapara /dapaˈɾa/ | — | asʔa /asʔa/ | paa /paˈʔa/ | iti /ˈiti/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | 𐎱𐎠𐎭 /paːda/ |
| Heart | dasiri /dasiˈɾi/ | sintung /sintuŋ/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | — /—/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | 𐏀𐎼𐎭 /zard/ |
| Bone | dahi /daˈhi/ | turang /turaŋ/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | kadma /kadma/ | — /—/ |
| Blood | dawapru /dawaˈpɾu/ | daya /daja/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | wai /wai/ | kanda /kanda/ | — /—/ |
| Poop | danhana /daɲaˈna/ | taki /taki/ | — | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | — | — | — |
| Love | danhimizawi pese zé /daɲimizawi pese zɛ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | 𐎳𐎼𐎡𐎹 /frija/ |
| Tree | wede /weˈde/ | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | puno /puno/ | ate /ˈate/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | wapsã /wapˈsã/ | kasung /kasuŋ/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | 𐎿𐎱𐎣 /spaka/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | tebe /tebe/ | ekan /ekan/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | yaka /jaka/ | — /—/ |
| Bird | sire /siˈɾe/ | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | asa /ˈasa/ | — | — |
| Butterfly | piro /piˈɾɔ/ | — | — | paruparo /paɾupaˈɾo/ | — | — | — |
| Egg | siʼaʼre /siʔaˈʔɾe/ | — | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | waa /waa/ | — | — |
| Bear | ursu /uɾˈsu/ | buhang /buˈhaŋ/ | — | oso /ˈʔoso/ | — | — | — |
| Horse | awaru /awaˈɾu/ | — | — | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | — | — | 𐎠𐎿 /asa/ |
| House | ʼri /ʔɾi/ | ramin /raˈmin/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | bahay /bahaj/ | oma /ˈoma/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | 𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 /maːnija/ |
| Milk | hâiwaʼu /həiwaˈʔu/ | — | — | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | amirae /amiˈrae/ | — | — |
| Honey | ropĩ /ɾɔˈpĩ/ | — | — | pulot /puˈlot/ | — | — | — |
| Salt | sa /sa/ | — | — | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asi /ˈasi/ | — | — |
| Rice | aro /aˈɾɔ/ | — | — | bigas /biˈɡas/ | — | — | — |
| Iron | siʼuwazi /siʔuwaˈzi/ | — | — | bakal /baˈkal/ | — | — | — |
| Book | ĩbaihâ /ĩbaiˈhə/ | — | — | aklat /ʔakˈlat/ | — | — | — |
| Eat | tisa /tiˈsa/ | maʼan /maʔan/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | 𐎧𐎼 /xar/ |
| Drink | hâʼrẽ /həˈʔɾɛ̃/ | nyihŭp /ɲihəp/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | 𐎱𐎠 /paː/ |
| Sleep | nhono /ɲɔˈnɔ/ | — | — | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | tae /tae/ | — | — |
| One | misi /miˈsi/ | indi /indi/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | u /ʔu/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | 𐎠𐎡𐎺 /aiwa/ |
| Two | maparane /mapaɾaˈne/ | duɔh /duɔh/ | wic /wits/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | 𐎯𐎢𐎺 /duva/ |
| Three | siʼubdatõ /siʔubdaˈtɔ̃/ | taruh /taːruh/ | taw /taw/ | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | 𐎨𐎡𐏂 /θraja/ |
| Four | maparane siʼuiwa /mapaɾane siʔuiwa/ | umpat /umpat/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | loloha /loloha/ | — | — |
| Five | ĩmrotõ /ĩmɾɔˈtɔ̃/ | rimah /riməh/ | — | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | — | — |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | ĩwẽ /ĩˈwɛ̃/ | paaguh /paːɡuh/ | acs /atss/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | rau /rau/ | kuba /kuba/ | 𐎴𐎡𐎲 /naiba/ |
| New | ĩté /ĩˈtɛ/ | — | — | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | supa /ˈsupa/ | — | — |
| Red | ĩpré /ĩˈpɾɛ/ | bidayak /bidajak/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | imiri /imiri/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | — /—/ |
| White | ĩʼa /ĩˈʔa/ | — | — | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | butiri /buˈtiri/ | — | — |
| Black | ĩʼrãdâ /ĩʔɾãˈdə/ | — | — | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | metana /metana/ | — | — |
| Green | ĩʼuzé /ĩʔuˈzɛ/ | — | — | berde /ˈbɛɾde/ | lumuru /lumuru/ | — | — |
| Blue | ĩʼuzé /ĩʔuˈzɛ/ | — | — | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | azul /azul/ | — | — |
| Coffee | wedepro /wedeˈpɾɔ/ | — | — | kape /kaˈpe/ | — | — | — |
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