Mbyá Guaraní
Bahasa Mbyá Guaraní
Tupi (Tupií-Guaranií)
Guaraní Mbyá (ISO 639-3: gun) adalah bahasa Tupí–Guaraní yang terancam dan dituturkan oleh komunitas Mbyá di Paraguay, Brasil selatan dan tenggara, Provinsi Misiones di Argentina, serta sebagian Uruguay. Para penuturnya mempertahankan jaringan di seluruh kawasan Hutan Atlantik, dan bahasa ini tetap menjadi pusat praktik keagamaan, tradisi lisan, dan identitas komunitas. Mbyá berbeda dari Guaraní Paraguay dan Ñandeva, meskipun semuanya termasuk subkelompok Guaraní; perkiraan yang telah terbit menempatkan populasi penutur asli pada kisaran puluhan ribu. Sistem bunyinya memiliki 6 vokal oral /a e i o u ɨ/ beserta padanan sengau dan harmoni sengau yang luas, sedangkan ejaan regional menggunakan aksara Latin dengan beberapa perbedaan antarnegara.
Tempat dituturkan
87 kata inti dalam bahasa Mbyá Guaraní
Sumber
- Dooley, Robert A. 2016 (2006), Léxico Guarani, Dialeto Mbyá: Guarani–Português, SIL International / Brasília (archive.org lexico-guarani-guarani-portugues-08-2016); Mbyá Guaraní Bible (bible.com version 1066); en.wiktionary Mbya Guarani lemmas (Dooley-based)
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain dalam klasifikasi yang sama: Tupi (Tupií-Guaranií)
| Arti | Bahasa Mbyá Guaraní | Guaraní | Bahasa Tupinambá | Bahasa Nheengatu | Bahasa Portugis | Bahasa Portugis Makau | Bahasa Portugis Tanjung Verde |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | y /ɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ʼy /ʔɨ/ | ií /iˈʔi/ | água /ˈaɡwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ |
| Api | tata /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /taˈta/ | tatá /tata/ | fogo /ˈfoɡu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ |
| Matahari | kuaray /kʷaɾaˈɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kurasi /kuɾasi/ | sol /sɔɫ/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔɫ/ |
| Bulan | jaxy /ʒaˈʃɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ |
| Bintang | jaxy tata /ʒaʃɨ taˈta/ | mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ | jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ | yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ʃˈtɾelɐ/ |
| Malam | pytũ /pɨtũ/ | pyhare /pɨhaɾe/ | pytuna /pɨtuna/ | pituna /pituna/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojte/ |
| Hujan | oky /okɨ/ | ama /ˈama/ | amana /amaˈna/ | amana /amana/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ |
| Salju | yroʼy apĩgue /ɨɾoʔɨ apĩŋɡwe/ | yrypyʼa veve /ɨɾɨpɨʔa veve/ | amanarypyʼoka /ãmãnaɾɨpɨˈʔɔka/ | — | neve /nɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ |
| Angin | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | ybytu /ɨβɨˈtu/ | iwitú /iwiˈtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ |
| Tanah | yvy /ɨˈvɨ/ | yvy /ɨvɨ/ | yby /ɨˈβɨ/ | iwi /iwi/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ |
| Batu | ita /ita/ | ita /iˈtaʔ/ | itá /iˈta/ | itá /iˈta/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛdɾɐ/ |
| Gunung | yvyty /ɨvɨˈtɨ/ | yvyty /ɨʋɨˈtɨ/ | — | iwitera /iwiteɾa/ | montanha /mõˈtaɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ |
| Laut | yeʼẽ /ɨeˈʔẽ/ | para /paˈɾa/ | paranã /paɾãˈnã/ | paranawasú /paɾanawaˈsu/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ |
| Ibu | xy /ʃɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | manha /ˈmaɲa/ | mãe /mɐ̃j/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ |
| Ayah | tuu /tuu/ | túva /tuva/ | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | paiá /paja/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ |
| Anak perempuan | tajy /taˈʒɨ/ | tajýra /taˈdʒɨɾa/ | tajyra /taˈjɨɾa/ | tayera /tajeˈɾa/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ |
| Saya | xee /ʃeː/ | che /ʃe/ | ixé /iˈʃɛ/ | ixé /iˈʃe/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ |
| Kamu | ndee /ndeː/ | nde /nde/ | endé /ẽˈdɛ/ | indé /ĩˈde/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Kita | nhande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | ñande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | îandé / oré /ɲãˈdɛ / oˈɾɛ/ | yandé /jãˈde/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ |
| Nama | tery /teɾɨ/ | téra /ˈtera/ | tera /ˈteɾa/ | sera /seˈɾa/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ |
| Kepala | akã /aˈkã/ | akã /aˈkã/ | akanga /aˈkãŋa/ | akanga /akaŋa/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈβesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ |
| Mata | esa /esa/ | tesa /tesa/ | t-esá /teˈsa/ | sesa /sesa/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ |
| Telinga | nambi /nambi/ | nambi /nãmbi/ | nambi /nãbi/ | nambi /nambi/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ |
| Hidung | xĩ /ʃĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /naˈɾiʃ/ |
| Mulut | juru /ʒuˈɾu/ | juru /dʒuˈɾu/ | îuru /juˈɾu/ | juru /juɾu/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ |
| Gigi | taĩ /taˈĩ/ | tãi /tãj/ | aĩa /ãia/ | sanya /saɲa/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽte/ |
| Lidah | kũ /kũ/ | kũ /kũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwa/ |
| Tangan | po /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | pú /pu/ | mão /mɐ̃w/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ |
| Kaki | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | pí /pi/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ |
| Hati | pyʼa /pɨˈʔa/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | nheʼã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | piá /piˈa/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ |
| Tulang | kãgue /kãŋɡwe/ | kangue /kãŋɡwe/ | kanga /kaˈŋa/ | kãwera /kãweɾa/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ |
| Darah | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuwi /tuwi/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡe/ |
| Cinta | mborayvu /mboɾaɨvu/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | saysu /sajsu/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ |
| Pohon | yvyra /ɨvɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | ybyʼrá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | mirá /miˈɾa/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ |
| Anjing | jagua /ʒaɡuˈa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | cão /kɐ̃w/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ |
| Kucing | xiviʼi /ʃiviˈʔi/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | pixana /piʃana/ | gato /ɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ɡatu/ |
| Ikan | pira /piɾa/ | pira /piɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ |
| Burung | guyra /ɡɨˈɾa/ | guyra /ɡʷɨɾa/ | gûyrá /ɡʷɨˈɾa/ | wirá /wiˈɾa/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ |
| Kupu-kupu | popo /popo/ | panambi /panaˈmbi/ | panam /paˈnam/ | panapana /panapana/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ |
| Telur | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | s-upiʼa /supiˈʔa/ | supiá /supiˈa/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ |
| Beruang | kaguare-jagua /kaɡuaɾeʒaɡuˈa/ | óso /ˈoso/ | — | ursu /uɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ |
| Kuda | kavaju /kavaˈʒu/ | kavaju /kaʋaˈdʒu/ | kabaru /kaβaˈɾu/ | kawarú /kawaˈɾu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ |
| Rumah | o /o/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /ˈoka/ | uka /uka/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ |
| Susu | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kambí /kamˈbi/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejte/ |
| Madu | ei /ei/ | eirete /eiɾeˈte/ | eíra /eˈiɾa/ | íra /ˈiɾa/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ |
| Garam | juky /ʒuˈkɨ/ | juky /dʒuˈkɨ/ | îukyra /juˈkɨɾa/ | yukira /jukiɾa/ | sal /saɫ/ | sal /sal/ | sal /saɫ/ |
| Anggur | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | víno /ˈʋino/ | kaûĩ /kãˈwĩ/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ |
| Beras | aroi /aɾoˈi/ | arro /aˈro/ | — | — | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ |
| Besi | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | itakandua /itakanˈdua/ | itá /iˈta/ | feru /ˈfeɾu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ |
| Roda | ruéda /ɾuˈeda/ | rruéda /ruˈeda/ | ybyrapararanga /ɨβɨɾapaɾaˈɾãŋa/ | — | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ |
| Sutra | seda /ˈseda/ | séda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ |
| Buku | kuaxia para /kuaˈʃia paɾa/ | aranduka /aɾanduˈka/ | kûatiara /kʷatiˈaɾa/ | papera /paˈpeɾa/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ |
| Makan | karu /kaɾu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | mbaú /mbaˈu/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ |
| Minum | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | u /u/ | beber /bɨˈbeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ |
| Tidur | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | ker /keɾ/ | kéri /keɾi/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ |
| Satu | peteĩ /peteˈĩ/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | yepé /jepe/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ |
| Dua | mokoĩ /mokõˈĩ/ | mokõi /mokõĩ/ | mokõi /moˈkõj/ | mukũi /muˈkũĩ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ |
| Tiga | mboapy /mboaˈpɨ/ | mbohapy /mbohaˈpɨ/ | mosapyr /mosaˈpɨɾ/ | musapiri /musapiɾi/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ |
| Empat | irundy /iɾunˈdɨ/ | irundy /iɾuˈdɨ/ | oîoirundyk /ɔjɔiɾũˈⁿdɨk/ | irundi /iɾunˈdʒi/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ |
| Lima | po /po/ | po /po/ | ambó /ãˈᵐbo/ | pú /pu/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ |
| Seratus | cem /sẽj̃/ | sa /sa/ | — | papasawa /papaˈsawa/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ |
| Halo | aguyjeve te /aɡʷɨʒeˈvete/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ |
| Terima kasih | haʼevete /haʔevete/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | — /—/ | kuekatú /kwekaˈtu/ | obrigado /obɾiˈɡadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣaðu/ |
| Baik | porã /poˈɾã/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /kaˈtu/ | katu /katu/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ |
| Baru | pyau /pɨˈau/ | pyahu /pɨaˈhu/ | pysasu /pɨsaˈsu/ | pisasú /pisaˈsu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ |
| Merah | pytã /pɨtã/ | pytã /pɨtã/ | pirang /piɾaŋ/ | piranga /piˈɾaŋa/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /veɾˈmeʎu/ |
| Putih | xiĩ /ʃiˈĩ/ | morotĩ /moɾoˈtĩ/ | ting /tiŋ/ | murutinga /muɾutiŋa/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ |
| Hitam | hũ /hũ/ | hũ /hũ/ | pixun /piʃun/ | pixuna /piʃuna/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ |
| Hijau | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovyũ /hoʋɨˈʔũ/ | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | verde /ˈveɾðɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ |
| Biru | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovy /hoʋɨ/ | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ | azul /ɐˈzul/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ |
| Jeruk | narã /naˈɾã/ | narã /naˈɾã/ | — | — | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ |
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