Brummie
Kihindi-Ulaya (Magharibi Kijerumani, Kiingereza)
Brummie ni jina la eneo la Kiingereza kinachohusishwa na Birmingham, huku usemi wa Black Country jirani ukiwa na uhusiano lakini tofauti na usichukuliwe tu kuwa lahaja hiyo hiyo. Kiingereza cha Birmingham hutofautiana ndani ya jiji na kwa kabila, umri, tabaka na mtindo, kikionyesha mifumo ya zamani ya West Midlands na uhamiaji wa baadaye. Sifa za irabu zinazoelezwa mara nyingi ni difthongi ya FACE iliyosogea kienyeji na irabu za PRICE na CHOICE zilizo karibu au kuingiliana; baadhi ya wasemaji huunganisha FOOT na STRUT lakini wengine huzitofautisha, hivyo maelezo ya moja kwa moja kuwa ni ya “kaskazini” yanapotosha. Usemi wa jadi unaweza pia kuhifadhi /ɡ/ baada ya /ŋ/ katika maneno kama singer na kutumia msamiati wa eneo kama babby “mtoto mchanga” na mom. Brummie haitamki r baada ya irabu na huandikwa kwa tahajia ya kawaida ya Kiingereza; taswira yake ya umma ambayo mara nyingi ni hasi huonyesha dhana potofu za kijamii, si upungufu wa kiisimu.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Brummie
Vyanzo
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kihindi-Ulaya (Magharibi Kijerumani, Kiingereza)
| Maana | Brummie | Kiingereza cha Manchester | Geordie | Scouse | Kiingereza cha Yorkshire | Kiingereza cha Estuary | Kiingereza cha West Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːt̪sə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ |
| Moto | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ |
| Jua | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ |
| Usiku | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːt̪sə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ |
| Mimi | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪːə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ |
| Pua | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Jino | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt̪s/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt̪s/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ |
| Damu | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kinyesi | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Upendo | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɣ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat̪s/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kat/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊt̪səflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ |
| Farasi | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ |
| Nyumba | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət̪s/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Chuma | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | — | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt̪s/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋx/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Nne | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ |
| Tano | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ |
| Asante | ta /taː/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /ta/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ |
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