New Zealand English / Reo Pākehā
Kiingereza cha Nyuzilandi
Kihindi-Ulaya (Kijerumani cha Magharibi, Kiingereza, Antipodean)
Kiingereza cha New Zealand ni aina ya Kiingereza kinachozungumzwa nchini New Zealand na watu wapatao milioni 3.8, na ndiyo aina kuu changa zaidi ya Kiingereza (ukoloni wa baada ya 1840). Kinatokana zaidi na lahaja za walowezi wa kusini mwa Uingereza, kikiwa na athari kubwa ya Kiaustralia na mchango wa Kiskoti (hasa Otago na Southland). Kinatofautiana na Kiingereza cha Australia kwa irabu zilizofungwa/za katikati zaidi (kile maarufu 'fush and chups' badala ya 'fish and chips' kutokana na uwekaji-kati wa /ɪ/), kuhamishwa mbele kwa /æ/, na rejista hai ya maneno yaliyokopwa kutoka Kimaori (kia ora, whānau, kai, mana, taonga, aroha) yaliyoingia katika usemi wa kila siku. Sera amilifu ya lugha mbili tangu Sheria ya Lugha ya Kimaori ya 1987 (Māori Language Act) imeinua te reo Māori kuwa lugha rasmi-shirikishi sambamba na Kiingereza.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Nyuzilandi
Vyanzo
- Ethnologue: en (NZ)
- Bauer & Warren (2004) New Zealand English
- Hay, Maclagan & Gordon (2008) New Zealand English
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kihindi-Ulaya (Kijerumani cha Magharibi, Kiingereza, Antipodean)
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Nyuzilandi | Kiingereza cha Australia | Kiingereza cha Afrika Kusini | Kiingereza cha Estuary | Brummie | Cockney | Kiingereza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwoːɾə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwoːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /fɑeə/ | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /mʉːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /stɐː/ | star /stɐː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ |
| Usiku | night /nɐet/ | night /nɑet/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɹæen/ | rain /ɹæɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snɐʉ/ | snow /snɐʉ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stæʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmæʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmæɔntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæːnʔn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmɐðə/ | mother /ˈmɐðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmɐvə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfɐːðə/ | father /ˈfɐːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːvə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdoːɾə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdoːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Mimi | I /ɑe/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /jʉː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /næem/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /ɐe/ | eye /ɑːe/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /ɑː/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ |
| Pua | nose /nəʉz/ | nose /nəʉz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /mæɔθ/ | mouth /mæːʉθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /mæːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Jino | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæːnd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /ænd/ | hand /hænd/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /hɐːt/ | heart /hɐːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /ɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /bɐʉn/ | bone /bəʉn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /bæʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ |
| Damu | blood /blad/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kinyesi | poo /puː/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ |
| Upendo | love /lɐv/ | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɾiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæːt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæt/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɘʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbɐtəflɑe/ | butterfly /ˈbɐɾəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɐʔəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /eɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| Farasi | horse /hoːs/ | horse /hoːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Nyumba | house /hæɔs/ | house /hæːʉs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /æːʔs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /məlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /rɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklɪʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Chuma | iron /ˈɑeən/ | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /səlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɾɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wɐn/ | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tʉː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tʰuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /fɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Nne | four /foː/ | four /foː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ |
| Tano | five /fɑɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhandɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| Habari | kia ora /kiə ɔːɾə/ | g'day /ɡəˈdæɪ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | oi /oɪ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Asante | cheers /tʃiəz/ | thanks /θæːŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | ta /taː/ | fanks /fæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /njʉː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /wɑɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blæk/ | black /blæːk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /blʉː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkʉː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədʉːdlˈdʉː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtɐ/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːʔə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsʉːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsʉːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnɑɪnti ˈnɑɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʉpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /ɛt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ |
Ukurasa 1/11
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