Fakafutuna
Kifutuna cha Mashariki
Kiaustronesia (Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian)
Kifutuna cha Mashariki, kiitwacho Fakafutuna na wasemaji wake, ni lugha ya Kipolinesia ya Futuna na kisiwa jirani cha Alofi, nusu ndogo na ya mbali zaidi ya himaya ya Ufaransa ya Wallis na Futuna. Ni lugha ya Kipolinesia cha Kiini ambayo ndugu zake wa karibu zaidi ni Kiwallis, Kisamoa na Kitokelau, na ina mfumo mdogo wa kawaida wa sauti wa Kipolinesia: konsonanti kumi na moja zikiwemo kizuizi cha koromeo chenye hadhi ya fonimu, irabu tano zinazotofautiana kwa ufupi na urefu, na silabi wazi kabisa za muundo (C)V. Rekodi yake ya kwanza ya maandishi ni orodha ya maneno 118 iliyokusanywa na mabaharia Waholanzi Schouten na Le Maire mwaka 1616, mojawapo ya orodha za maneno za kale zaidi kwa lugha yoyote ya Kipolinesia. Wasemaji wengi leo hawaishi Futuna yenyewe bali New Caledonia, na katika maandishi ya kila siku alama za makroni na apostrofi za kizuizi cha koromeo mara nyingi huachwa kwa kukosa kibodi zinazoziweza. Kwa kuwa Kifaransa kinatawala shuleni na katika utawala, lugha hii huainishwa kuwa katika hatari ya kutoweka.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kifutuna cha Mashariki
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia (Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian)
| Maana | Kifutuna cha Mashariki | Kiwallis | Kitonga | Kituvalu | Kitokelau | Kiniue | Kisamoa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ |
| Moto | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ |
| Jua | laʻā /laʔaː/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | laa /laː/ | lā /laː/ | lā /laː/ | lā /laː/ |
| Mwezi | māsina /maːsina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | masina /masina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | mahina /mahina/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Nyota | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ |
| Usiku | pō /poː/ | pōʻuli /poːʔuli/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ |
| Mvua | ʻua /ʔua/ | ʻua /ʔua/ | ʻuha /ʔuha/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ |
| Theluji | nive /nive/ | nive /nive/ | sinou /sinou/ | kiona /kiona/ | kiona /kiona/ | kiona /kiona/ | kiona /kiona/ |
| Upepo | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Udongo | kele /kele/ | kele /kele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ |
| Jiwe | maka /maka/ | maka /maka/ | maka /maka/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | maka /maka/ | maʻa /maʔa/ |
| Mlima | maʻuga /maʔuŋa/ | moʻuga /moʔuŋa/ | moʻunga /moʔuŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | mouga /mouŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ |
| Bahari | moana /moana/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /tahi/ | tai /tai/ | moana /moana/ | tahi /tahi/ | sami /sami/ |
| Mama | tinana /tinana/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | maatua /maːtua/ | mātua /maːtua/ | matua fifine /matua fifine/ | tinā /tinaː/ |
| Baba | tamana /tamana/ | tamai /tamai/ | tamai /tamai/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | matua taane /matua taːne/ | tamā /tamaː/ |
| Binti | taʻine /taʔine/ | ʻofafine /ʔofafine/ | ʻofefine /ʔofefine/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | afafine /afafine/ | tama fifine /tama fifine/ | afafine /afafine/ |
| Mimi | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | aʻu /aʔu/ |
| Wewe | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ |
| Sisi | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | kitautolu / kimautolu /kitautolu / kimautolu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tautolu / mautolu /tautolu / mautolu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Jina | igoa /iŋoa/ | higoa /hiŋoa/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | higoa /hiŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Mtu | tagata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tino /tino/ | tagata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Kichwa | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | telinga /teliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Pua | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ | isu /isu/ |
| Mdomo | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Jino | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Ulimi | ʻalelo /ʔalelo/ | ʻalelo /ʔalelo/ | ʻelelo /ʔelelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ |
| Mkono | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mguu | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | hui /hui/ | vae /vae/ |
| Moyo | mafu /mafu/ | mafu /mafu/ | loto /loto/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | atevili /atevili/ | loto /loto/ |
| Mfupa | ivi /ivi/ | hui /hui/ | hui /hui/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | hui /hui/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Damu | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ |
| Kinyesi | taʻe /taʔe/ | taʻe /taʔe/ | taʻe /taʔe/ | tae /tae/ | tae /tae/ | tē /teː/ | tae /tae/ |
| Upendo | alofa /alofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | fakaalofa /fakaalofa/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Mti | lāʻakau /laːʔakau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | lākau /laːkau/ | akau /akau/ | laʻau /laʔau/ |
| Mbwa | kulī /kuliː/ | kulī /kuliː/ | kulī /kuliː/ | kuli /kuli/ | maile /maile/ | kuli /kuli/ | maile /maile/ |
| Paka | pūsi /puːsi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | puhi /puhi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Samaki | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | iʻa /iʔa/ |
| Ndege | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manupuna /manupuna/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ |
| Kipepeo | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ |
| Yai | fua /fua/ | fuāmoa /fuaːmoa/ | foʻi moa /foʔi moa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | fuāmoa /fuaːmoa/ | fua moa /fua moa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ |
| Dubu | uluso /uluso/ | uluso /uluso/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | urosa /urosa/ | pea /pea/ |
| Farasi | ōsi /oːsi/ | hōsi /hoːsi/ | hoosi /hoːsi/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | holofanua /holofanua/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | solofanua /solofanua/ |
| Nyumba | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ |
| Chumvi | paʻatai /paʔatai/ | māsima /maːsima/ | māsima /maːsima/ | masima /masima/ | māhima /maːhima/ | masima /masima/ | masima /masima/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /vino/ | vino /vino/ | uaine /uaine/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ |
| Chuma | ukamea /ukamea/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | fiti /fiti/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | lapatoa /lapatoa/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ |
| Gurudumu | teka /teka/ | teka /teka/ | veʻeteka /veʔeteka/ | teka /teka/ | uili /uili/ | veli /veli/ | uili /uili/ |
| Kitabu | tosi /tosi/ | tohi /tohi/ | tohi /tohi/ | tusi /tusi/ | tuhi /tuhi/ | tohi /tohi/ | tusi /tusi/ |
| Kula | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | ʻai /ʔai/ |
| Kunywa | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ |
| Kulala | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | mohe /mohe/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | mohe /mohe/ | moe /moe/ |
| Moja | tasi /tasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | taha /taha/ | tasi /tasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | taha /taha/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Mbili | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ | lua /lua/ |
| Tatu | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Nne | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | kaulelau /kaulelau/ | teau /teau/ | teau /teau/ | selau /selau/ | helau /helau/ | teau /teau/ | selau /selau/ |
| Habari | mālō /maːloː/ | mālō te maʻuli /maːloː te maʔuli/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | mālō ni /maːloː ni/ | fakaalofa atu /fakaalofa atu/ | talofa /talofa/ |
| Asante | mālō /maːloː/ | mālō /maːloː/ | mālō /maːloː/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakaaue /fakaaue/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ |
| Nzuri | mālie /maːlie/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | mitaki /mitaki/ | lelei /lelei/ |
| Mpya | foʻou /foʔou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | fou /fou/ | fōu /foːu/ | foou /foou/ | fou /fou/ |
| Nyekundu | kula /kula/ | kula /kula/ | kulokula /kulokula/ | kula /kula/ | kukula /kukula/ | kula /kula/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ |
| Nyeupe | tea /tea/ | hina /hina/ | hinehina /hinehina/ | kena /kena/ | paepae /paepae/ | tea /tea/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ |
| Nyeusi | ʻuli /ʔuli/ | ʻuli /ʔuli/ | ʻuliʻuli /ʔuliʔuli/ | uli /uli/ | uli /uli/ | uli /uli/ | uliuli /uliuli/ |
| Kijani | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | lanu mata /lanu mata/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | lanu meamata /lanu meamata/ | lanu laukou /lanu laukou/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ |
| Buluu | ʻusi /ʔusi/ | ʻui /ʔui/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ |
| Kekeo | kāleva /kaːleva/ | — | — | — | — | — | aleva /aleva/ |
| Kompyuta | masini /masini/ | olotinatea /olotinatea/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ | komupiuta /komupiuta/ | komepiuta /komepiuta/ | komopiuta /komopiuta/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ |
| Chungwa | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ |
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