Tu'un Sávi
Kimixteki cha Metlatónoc
Oto-Mangue (Mixtecan)
Kimixtec cha Metlatónoc (jina la asili Tu'un Sávi, "Usemi wa Watu wa Mvua") ni aina ya Kimixtec ya eneo la La Montaña katika mashariki mwa Guerrero, Mexico, chenye wazungumzaji wapatao 25,000. Ni sehemu ya mkusanyiko wa lugha za Kimixtec za familia ya Otomanguean, na chashiriki asili moja na aina kadhaa za Kimixtec zisizoeleweka kwa kila mmoja zinazozungumzwa kote Oaxaca, Guerrero, na Puebla. Kama Kimixtec chote, ni cha toni (toni 3 zinazotofautisha) na chenye mtindo wa kipekee wa ushairi wa beti-pacha wa Kimixtec unaotumika katika hotuba za kiibada. Wazungumzaji wa Metlatónoc wanakabiliwa na shinikizo kali la uhamiaji — wengi ni vibarua wa kilimo wa msimu kaskazini mwa Mexico na California, Marekani, ambapo wanaunda jamii muhimu ya wenyeji walioko ughaibuni inayojipanga chini ya Frente Indígena de Organizaciones Binacionales (FIOB).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimixteki cha Metlatónoc
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Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Oto-Mangue (Mixtecan)
| Maana | Kimixteki cha Metlatónoc | Kimixtec | Kimixtec cha Mixtepec | Kiwichita | Kizapotec | Kitojolabal | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | ndute /ndute/ | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nisa /nisa/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Moto | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲṹʔũ̀/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | gui /ɡi/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Jua | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | tonajli /tonahli/ |
| Mwezi | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /jóó/ | waːh /waːh/ | beeu /beːu/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Nyota | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ |
| Usiku | ñuu /ɲuː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ |
| Mvua | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /sàví/ | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ |
| Theluji | nieve /njeβe/ | — | yuva /jùvá/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | nieve /njebe/ | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ |
| Upepo | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | bi /bi/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Udongo | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼú /ɲùʔú/ | — | yu /ju/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ |
| Jiwe | yuu /juu/ | yuu /juː/ | yuú /jùú/ | — | guie /ɡie/ | ton /ton/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ |
| Mlima | iku /iku/ | yuku /juku/ | yukú /júkú/ | — | dani /dani/ | wits /wits/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Bahari | tyañuʼu /caɲuʔu/ | nducha mar /ndutʃa mar/ | — | — | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Mama | siʼi /siʔi/ | nana /nana/ | maa /māā/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | nanan /nanan/ |
| Baba | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tata /táta/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tat /tat/ | tatah /tatah/ |
| Binti | seʼe ñaʼa /seʔe ɲaʔa/ | seʼe siʼi /seʔe siʔi/ | — | — | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ |
| Mimi | yuʼu /juʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | naa /naːʔ/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | nejua /neˈwa/ |
| Wewe | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | tejua /teˈwa/ |
| Sisi | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | — /—/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ |
| Jina | sivi /siβi/ | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | lá /la/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ |
| Mtu | yuvi /juβi/ | yivi /jiβi/ | nivi /niβi/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | binni /binːi/ | winkil /winkil/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ |
| Kichwa | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃìní/ | — | ique /ike/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Jicho | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | lú /lú/ | satej /sateh/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ |
| Sikio | soʼo /soʔo/ | soho /soho/ | soʼo /sòʔō/ | — | diaga /diaɡa/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Pua | sitin /sitin/ | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | xichi /ʃìtʃì/ | — | xii /ʃiː/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ |
| Jino | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | laya /laja/ | ex /eʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ |
| Ulimi | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jàá/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | nenepil /nenepil/ |
| Mkono | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | na /naʔ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Mguu | xaʼa /ʃaʔa/ | — | tsaʼa /tsaʔá/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | ok /ok/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Moyo | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | altzil /altsil/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ |
| Mfupa | iki /iki/ | yiki /jiki/ | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | dxita /dʒita/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Damu | nii /niː/ | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /nìí/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | rini /rini/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | yestli /jestɬi/ |
| Upendo | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | — /—/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ |
| Mti | itun /itun/ | yutu /jutu/ | yutu /jút̪ù/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ |
| Mbwa | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tǐnà/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ |
| Paka | vilu /βilu/ | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /vilu/ | — /—/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | mis /mis/ | miston /miston/ |
| Samaki | tyaka /caka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | chaka /tʃàká/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | benda /benda/ | chay /tʃaj/ | michin /mitʃin/ |
| Ndege | saa /saa/ | saa /saː/ | saa /sàà/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ |
| Yai | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ntivi /nt̪ìví/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ |
| Dubu | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Farasi | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | — | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ |
| Nyumba | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /veʔe/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | naj /nah/ | kajli /kahli/ |
| Maziwa | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | lechu /letʃu/ | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ |
| Asali | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | — | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ |
| Chumvi | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | iín /ĩĩ́/ | — | zidi /zidi/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /βino/ | — | — | vinu /binu/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | — | — | — | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ |
| Chuma | kaa /kaː/ | kaa /kaː/ | — | — | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Gurudumu | llanta /janta/ | — | — | — | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Kitabu | tutu /tutu/ | tutu /tutu/ | — | — | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | libro /ˈlibro/ |
| Kula | kuxi /kuʃi/ | kasi /kasi/ | katsi /kàtsí/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ro /ɾo/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Kunywa | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /kóʔo/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ge /ɡe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | koni /koni/ |
| Kulala | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kusu /kùsù/ | — | rasi /ɾasi/ | wayel /wajel/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| Moja | iʼin /iʔin/ | in /ĩ/ | in /ĩĩ/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | tobi /tobi/ | jun /hun/ | ce /se/ |
| Mbili | uu /uː/ | uvi /uβi/ | uvi /uvi/ | wic /wits/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Tatu | uni /ùnì/ | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | taw /taw/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | oxe /oʃe/ | yeyi /jeji/ |
| Nne | kuun /kũũ/ | kumi /kumi/ | kumi /kùmǐ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | tapa /tapa/ | chane /tʃane/ | nahui /nawi/ |
| Tano | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũ̀ʔũ̀/ | — | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ |
| Mia | ciento /sjento/ | iin cientu /ĩː sjentu/ | — | — | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ |
| Habari | saʼa /saʔa/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | — /—/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | panolti /panolti/ |
| Asante | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | — /—/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | yuj /juh/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ |
| Nzuri | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | acs /atss/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | lek /lek/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ |
| Mpya | xaa /ʃaː/ | jaa /haː/ | tsaa /tsáà/ | — | nacubi /nakubi/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ |
| Nyekundu | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kwáʔà/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | chak /tʃak/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| Nyeusi | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | jnuu /hnuː/ | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | — | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ |
| Kijani | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kwìjí/ | — | naberde /naberde/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ |
| Buluu | kuii /kʷiː/ | — | — | — | azul /asul/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | azul /aˈsul/ |
| Kompyuta | computadora | — | — | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputadora/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ |
| Chai | té | — | — | — | — | té /te/ | té /te/ |
| Kahawa | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kafe /káfe/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | café /kaˈfe/ |
| Sukari | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | asukar /asúkàr/ | — | dxiña /dʒiɲa/ | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | azúcar /aˈsukar/ |
| Chungwa | naranja /naˈɾaŋxa/ | — | tikuaa /tikwàá/ | — | naranja /naɾanxa/ | naranja /naranha/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ |
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