Hñähñu
Kiotomi
Oto-Mangue (Otomian)
Kiotomi (Hñähñu) ni lugha ya familia ya Oto-Mangue ya Mexico ya kati. Watu wa Otomi ni mojawapo ya makabila makuu ya kabla ya Kolambia ya nyanda za juu za kati na walikaa eneo hilo kabla ya wasemaji wa Kinahuatl. Ina mfumo tajiri wa toni na konsonanti za kupitia pua nyingi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiotomi
chocolate
computadora
wifi
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Oto-Mangue (Otomian)
| Maana | Kiotomi | Kiotomi cha Querétaro | Kimazahua | Kishipibo-Conibo | Kikuna cha San Blas | Kiaymara | Kibribri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | dehe /dehe/ | dehe /tehe/ | ndeje /ndehe/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | di /di/ | uma /uma/ | díʼ /díʔ/ |
| Moto | tsibi /tsibi/ | tsibi /tsibi/ | sibi /sibi/ | chii /tʃiː/ | so /so/ | nina /nina/ | böʼ /bøʔ/ |
| Jua | hyadi /hjadi/ | hyadi /hjadi/ | jyarü /hjaɾɨ/ | bari /baɾi/ | dad /tad/ | inti /inti/ | diwö /diwø/ |
| Mwezi | zänä /zãnã/ | zänä /zãnã/ | zana /zana/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | nii /niː/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | siʼwö /siʔwø/ |
| Nyota | tsøhø /tsøhø/ | tsꞌe /tsʼe/ | seje /sehe/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | niisgwa /niːskwa/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | bëkwö /bəkwø/ |
| Usiku | xui /ʃui/ | nxui /nʃui/ | xomü /ʃomɨ/ | yame /jamɨ/ | mutik /mutik/ | aruma /aruma/ | nañewe /naɲewe/ |
| Mvua | däʼye /dãʔje/ | — | dyebe /djebe/ | oi /oi/ | — | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | ka̱li̱ /kãlĩ/ |
| Theluji | tse̲ /tsɛ/ | tꞌaxtse̱ /tʼaʃtsɛ/ | xitsji /ʃitsʰi/ | — | — | khunu /kʰunu/ | mochka /motʃka/ |
| Upepo | ndähi /ndãhi/ | ndähi /ndæhi/ | ndajma /ndahma/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | burwa /burwa/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | siwa̱ʼ /siwãʔ/ |
| Udongo | hai /hai/ | hai /hai/ | jõmü /hõmɨ/ | mai /mai/ | napa /napa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | íyök /íjøk/ |
| Jiwe | do /do/ | do /do/ | ndojo /ndoho/ | makan /makan/ | akwa /akwa/ | qala /ˈqala/ | ák /ák/ |
| Mlima | tʼøhø /tʼøhø/ | tꞌoho /tʼoho/ | tʼeje /tʼehe/ | manan /manan/ | yar /jaɾ/ | qullu /quʎu/ | ka̱bata /kãbata/ |
| Bahari | lamä /lamã/ | ñhonthe /ɲ̥ontʰe/ | mar /maɾ/ | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | demar /temaɾ/ | lamara /lamara/ | dayë /dajə/ |
| Mama | nänä /nãnã/ | mu /mu/ | nana /nana/ | tita /tita/ | nan /nan/ | mama /mama/ | amiʼ /amiʔ/ |
| Baba | dada /dada/ | dada /dada/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | yë́ /jə́/ |
| Binti | tʼixu /tʼiʃu/ | tꞌinxu /tʼinʃu/ | xuntʼi /ʃuntʼi/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | sisgwa /sisɡwa/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | alà busi /ala busi/ |
| Mimi | nugä /nuɡã/ | nugä /nuɡæ/ | nutsʼko /nutsʼko/ | ea /ea/ | an /an/ | naya /naja/ | yeʼ /jeʔ/ |
| Wewe | nuʼi /nuʔi/ | nuꞌi /nuʔi/ | nutskʼe /nutskʼe/ | mia /mia/ | be /pe/ | juma /xuma/ | beʼ /beʔ/ |
| Sisi | nugähʉ / nugähe /nuɡãhɨ / nuɡãhe/ | nugähu / nugähe /nuɡæhu / nuɡæhe/ | nuzgöji / nuzgöjme /nuzɣøhi / nuzɣøhme/ | noa /noa/ | anmar /anmar/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | seʼ / saʼ /seʔ / saʔ/ |
| Jina | thuhu /tʰũhũ/ | thuuhu /tʰũːhũ/ | chjuʼu /tʃʰũʔũ/ | jane /hanɨ/ | nug /nuk/ | suti /suti/ | kie /kie/ |
| Mtu | jäʼi /hãʔi/ | jäꞌi /hãʔi/ | nte /nte/ | joni /honi/ | dule /tule/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | pëʼ /pəʔ/ |
| Kichwa | ñä /ɲã/ | ñä /ɲã/ | ñi /ɲi/ | mapo /mapo/ | nono /nono/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | wö́kir /wǿkiɾ/ |
| Jicho | da /da/ | da /da/ | chö /tʃø/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | ibya /ibja/ | nayra /najɾa/ | wöbla /wøbla/ |
| Sikio | gu /ɡu/ | gu /ɡu/ | ngõʼõ /ŋɡõʔõ/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | uaduk /uaduk/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | kukuö̀ /kukuø/ |
| Pua | xiñu /ʃiɲu/ | — | — | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | asu /asu/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | — |
| Mdomo | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | neʼe /neʔe/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | kaya /kaja/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | ajkö̀ /ahkø/ |
| Jino | tsʼi /tsʼi/ | tsꞌi /tsʼi/ | sʼibi /sʼibi/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | nugar /nuɡar/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | akà /aka/ |
| Ulimi | jäne /hãne/ | xäne /ʃɐne/ | cʼijñi /kʼihɲi/ | jana /hana/ | kuabin /kuabin/ | laxra /laχra/ | kuʼ /kuʔ/ |
| Mkono | ʼye /ʔje/ | ꞌye /ʔje/ | ye /je/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | arigan /aɾiɡan/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ulà /ula/ |
| Mguu | wa /wa/ | wa /wa/ | ngua /ŋɡwa/ | tae /taɨ/ | nag /nak/ | kayu /kaju/ | klö̀ /klø/ |
| Moyo | mu̲i /mɨi/ | mui /mui/ | müʼbü /mɨʔbɨ/ | joínti /hointi/ | kurgin /kuɾɡin/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | sûʼ /suʔ/ |
| Mfupa | ndoʼyo /ndoʔjo/ | ndoꞌyo /ndoʔjo/ | ndotyʼe /ndotjʔe/ | xao /ʂao/ | kar /kaɾ/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | diché /ditʃé/ |
| Damu | ji /hi/ | khi /kʰi/ | kjii /kʰiʔi/ | jimi /himi/ | abe /abe/ | wila /wila/ | pë́ /pə́/ |
| Upendo | mädi /mãdi/ | mädi /mãdi/ | sʼiya /sʼija/ | noi /noi/ | sabbi /sabːi/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | shkö /ʃkø/ |
| Mti | za /za/ | za /za/ | za /za/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | sappi /sapːi/ | quqa /quqa/ | kál /kál/ |
| Mbwa | ʼyo /ʔjo/ | ꞌyo /ʔjo/ | dyoʼo /djoʔo/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | achu /atʃu/ | anu /anu/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ |
| Paka | mixi /miʃi/ | mishi /miʃi/ | mishi /miʃi/ | mishito /miʃito/ | miji /midʒi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | mishi /miʃi/ |
| Samaki | hua /hwa/ | xwa /ʃwa/ | jmõʼõ /xmõʔõ/ | yapa /japa/ | ua /ua/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | nima /nima/ |
| Ndege | tsʼintsʼu̲ /tsʼintsʼɨ/ | tsꞌintsꞌu /tsʼintsʼu/ | sʼü /sʼɨ/ | isa /isa/ | sikwi /sikwi/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | dù /du/ |
| Kipepeo | tu̲xu̲mu /tɨʃɨmu/ | — | — | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | — | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | kuaʼkua /kuaʔkua/ |
| Yai | mädo /mãdo/ | tꞌaxi /tʼaʃi/ | blanquillo /blaŋˈkijo/ | bachi /batʃi/ | — | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | sia̱ʼ /siãʔ/ |
| Dubu | ʼmuhu /ʔmuhu/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | wiob /wiob/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — |
| Farasi | fani /fani/ | fani /fani/ | pjadü /pʰadɨ/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | moli /moli/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kabaio /kabaio/ |
| Nyumba | ngu /ŋɡu/ | ngu /ŋɡu/ | ngumü /ŋɡumɨ/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | nega /neɡa/ | uta /uta/ | u /u/ |
| Maziwa | ʼba /ʔba/ | ꞌba /ʔba/ | bʼaa /bʼaː/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | nunis /nunis/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | tsuʼdiö /tsuʔdiø/ |
| Asali | tʼafi /tʼafi/ | tꞌafi /tʔafi/ | õtʼapjü ngüjnü /õtʼapʰɨ ŋɡɨhnɨ/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | achanis /atʃanis/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | bulali /bulali/ |
| Chumvi | u /u/ | u /u/ | õʼõ /õʔõ/ | tashi /taʃi/ | balu /palu/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | dayë /dajə/ |
| Mvinyo | vinu /ˈbinu/ | ixkatꞌafi /iʃkatʼafi/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /vino/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Mchele | arros /aros/ | — | — | aros /aɾos/ | oros /oɾos/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | àrros /aros/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | — | — | — | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — |
| Chuma | bo̲jä /bøhã/ | bojä /bohã/ | — | yami /jami/ | esgoro /esɡoɾo/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — |
| Gurudumu | rweda /ɾweda/ | — | — | karotae /kaɾotaɨ/ | yanda /janda/ | rueda /ɾweda/ | — |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | he̲ʼmi /hɛʔmi/ | heꞌmi /heʔmi/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | kirika /kiɾika/ | garda /ɡaɾda/ | panka /panka/ | ayë́jkuö /ajə́hkuø/ |
| Kula | ñuni /ɲuni/ | shi /ʃi/ | ñe /ɲe/ | piti /piti/ | gunne /ɡune/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | chkök /tʃkøk/ |
| Kunywa | tsi /tsi/ | tsi /tsi/ | sii /siː/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | gobe /ɡobe/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | yök /jøk/ |
| Kulala | ähä /ãhã/ | ähä /ãhã/ | ĩjĩ /ĩhĩ/ | oxa /oʂa/ | gabe /ɡabe/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | kapö̀k /kapøk/ |
| Moja | ʼna /ʔna/ | ꞌna /ʔna/ | ʼnaja /ʔnaha/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | kuenki /kweŋki/ | maya /maja/ | ètöm /etøm/ |
| Mbili | yoho /joho/ | yoho /joho/ | yeje /jehe/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | bo /po/ | paya /paja/ | bö́l /bǿl/ |
| Tatu | hñu /hɲu/ | hñu /ɲ̥u/ | nʼii /ɲ̥iʔi/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | baa /baː/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | mañál /maɲál/ |
| Nne | goho /ɡoho/ | goho /ɡoho/ | nziyo /nzijo/ | chosko /tʃosko/ | bake /pake/ | pusi /pusi/ | tkë́l /tkə́l/ |
| Tano | kʉtʼa /kɨtʼa/ | kʉtꞌa /kɨtʔa/ | tsiʼchʼa /tsiʔtʃʼa/ | pichika /pitʃika/ | atar /ataɾ/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | ske̱l /skẽl/ |
| Mia | nthebe /ntʰebe/ | nthebe /ntʰebe/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | pacha /patʃa/ | dulatar /dulataɾ/ | pataka /pataka/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Habari | hatsi /hatsi/ | hä /hã/ | kjamadhi /kjamaði/ | jakon raoma /hakon raoma/ | nuedi /nweðiː/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | iriʼ /iɾiʔ/ |
| Asante | jamädi /hamãdi/ | jamädi /hamãdi/ | ndios /ndios/ | irake /iɾake/ | nuedi malo /nweðiː malo/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | wëstela /wəstela/ |
| Nzuri | hño /hɲo/ | hño /hɲo/ | nzhomu /nʒomu/ | jakon /hakon/ | nuegan /nweɡan/ | suma /suma/ | buaʼ /buaʔ/ |
| Mpya | ʼraʼyo /ʔɾaʔjo/ | ꞌraꞌyo /ʔraʔjo/ | dadyo /dadjo/ | bena /bɨna/ | binid /binid/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | pa̱ʼa̱li̱ /pãʔãlĩ/ |
| Nyekundu | the̲ni /tʰɛni/ | theni /tʰeni/ | mbaja /mbaha/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | kinnid /kinːid/ | wila /wila/ | dölöí /døløí/ |
| Nyeupe | tʼaxi /tʼaʃi/ | tꞌaxi /tʼaʃi/ | tʼöxü /tʼøʃɨ/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | sipu /sipu/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | saruru /saɾuɾu/ |
| Nyeusi | ʼbo /ʔbo/ | — | potjü /potʰɨ/ | wiso /wiso/ | sichid /sitʃid/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | dalòlò /dalolo/ |
| Kijani | kʼantsʼi /kʼantsʼi/ | kꞌangi /kʼaŋi/ | cʼanga /kʼaŋɡa/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | arrad /arːad/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | tsipátsipà /tsipátsipa/ |
| Buluu | kʼangi /kʼaŋɡi/ | kꞌangi /kʼaŋi/ | cʼanga /kʼaŋɡa/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | arrad /arːad/ | larama /laɾama/ | siè̱ /siẽ̀/ |
| Kompyuta | computadora | — | — | — | computadora | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | wifi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | café /kaˈfe/ | — | — | — | — | café /kafe/ | — |
| Sukari | tʼaxu̲tʼafi /tʼaʃɨtʼafi/ | — | — | asokaro /asokaɾo/ | — | azúcar /asukar/ | — |
| Chungwa | nanxa /nanʃa/ | — | — | — | — | naranja | àsh balòbalo /aʃ balobalo/ |
Ukurasa 1/10
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