A Fala
Kifala
Kihindi-Ulaya
Fala (A Fala de Xálima, "usemi wa Xálima", au "lugha ya tatu ya Kihispania") ni lugha ya Kiromance ya Kiibe8ria ya tawi la Kigalisia-Kireno inayozungumzwa katika Vall de Xálima kaskazini-magharibi mwa jimbo la Cáceres, Extremadura, Hispania (vijiji vitatu vya "Lugares de Fala": San Martín de Trevejo, Eljas, Valverde del Fresno). Fala ina uhusiano changamano wa kinasaba na Kigalisia (gl) na Kireno (pt), na ushahidi imara wa kuhamishwa upya kwa wakazi kutokana na reconquista ya Kileonesi ya karne ya 13 kulikoleta lahaja za Kiromance za kaskazini-magharibi mwa Iberia hadi kituo hiki cha mbali cha Extremadura. Mwaka 2001 Hispania ilitambua Fala kama lugha ya urithi wa kitamaduni wa kikanda. Inatofautiana na Kiextremaduran (ext) — lahaja ya mpito ya Kihispania-Kiasturia ambayo pia ni ya Cáceres lakini katika mabonde tofauti. Kila kimoja cha vijiji vitatu vya Fala kina lahaja yake: Xalimegu (San Martín), Lagarteiru (Eljas), Mañegu (Valverde del Fresno).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kifala
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kihindi-Ulaya
| Maana | Kifala | Kigalisia | Kiekstremadura | Kireno cha Angola | Kiasturia | Kireno cha Msumbiji | Kiaragon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | augua /ˈaɡwa/ | auga /ˈawɣa/ | augua /ˈawɣwa/ | água /ˈaɡwɐ/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | água /ˈaɡwɐ/ | augua /ˈawɡwa/ |
| Moto | fogu /ˈfoɡu/ | lume /ˈlume/ | huegu /ˈhweɣu/ | fogo /ˈfoɡu/ | fueu /ˈfweu/ | fogo /ˈfoɡu/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ |
| Jua | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ |
| Mwezi | lúa /ˈlua/ | lúa /ˈlua/ | luna /ˈluna/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lluna /ˈʎuna/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Nyota | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ |
| Usiku | noiti /ˈnojti/ | noite /ˈnojte/ | nochi /ˈnotʃi/ | noite /ˈnojte/ | nueche /ˈnwetʃe/ | noite /ˈnojte/ | nueit /nwejt/ |
| Mvua | chuiva /tʃuiva/ | choiva /ˈtʃoi̯βa/ | lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | plevia /ˈplebja/ |
| Theluji | nevi /ˈnebi/ | neve /ˈneβe/ | ñevi /ˈɲeβi/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ | nieve /njeβe/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ | nieu /njew/ |
| Upepo | ventu /ˈbentu/ | vento /ˈbento/ | ventu /ˈbentu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vientu /ˈbjentu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | viento /ˈbjento/ |
| Udongo | terra /tɛra/ | terra /ˈtɛra/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ |
| Jiwe | pedra /ˈpeðɾa/ | pedra /ˈpeðɾa/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ |
| Mlima | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | montanha /mõˈtaɲɐ/ | monte /ˈmonte/ | montanha /mõˈtaɲɐ/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ |
| Bahari | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ |
| Mama | mai /mai/ | nai /naj/ | mai /mai/ | mãe /mɐ̃j/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mãe /mɐ̃j/ | mai /maj/ |
| Baba | pai /pai/ | pai /paj/ | pairi /ˈpajɾi/ | pai /paj/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ |
| Binti | filla /ˈfiʎa/ | filla /ˈfiʎa/ | ija /ˈiha/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | fía /ˈfia/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filla /ˈfiʎa/ |
| Mimi | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ | yo /ʝo/ | eu /ew/ | yo /ʝo/ | eu /ew/ | yo /ʝo/ |
| Wewe | tu /tu/ | ti /ti/ | tú /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tú /tu/ |
| Sisi | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔs/ | nusotrus /nusoˈtɾus/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nosotros /noˈsotɾos/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nusatros /nuˈsatɾos/ |
| Jina | nomi /ˈnomi/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nombri /ˈnombɾi/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ |
| Mtu | pesoa /peˈsoa/ | persoa /pɛɾˈsoa/ | presona /pɾeˈsona/ | pessoa /pɨˈsoɐ/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ | pessoa /pɨˈsoɐ/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ |
| Kichwa | cabeza /kaˈbeθa/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ | cabeça /kaˈβesa/ | cabeça /kaˈbesɐ/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ |
| Jicho | ollu /ˈoʎu/ | ollo /ˈoʎo/ | oju /ˈohu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | güeyu /ˈɡweʝu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | uello /ˈweʎo/ |
| Sikio | orella /oˈreʎa/ | orella /oˈreʎa/ | oreja /oˈɾexa/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | oreya /oˈɾeʝa/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orella /oˈɾeʎa/ |
| Pua | nariz /naˈɾis/ | nariz /naˈɾiθ/ | narís /naˈɾis/ | nariz /naˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /naˈɾiθ/ | nariz /naˈɾiʃ/ | naso /ˈnaso/ |
| Mdomo | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbɔka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈboka/ |
| Jino | diente /ˈðjente/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dienti /ˈdjenti/ | dente /ˈdẽte/ | diente /ˈdjente/ | dente /ˈdẽte/ | dient /djent/ |
| Ulimi | léngua /ˈleŋwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | luenga /ˈlweŋɡa/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwa/ | llingua /ˈʎiŋɡwa/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwa/ | luenga /ˈlweŋɡa/ |
| Mkono | mau /mau/ | man /maŋ/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mão /mɐ̃w/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mão /mɐ̃w/ | man /man/ |
| Mguu | pe /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ | pie /pje/ | pé /pɛ/ | pie /pje/ | pé /pɛ/ | piet /pjet/ |
| Moyo | curaçón /kuɾaˈsɔn/ | corazón /koɾaˈθoŋ/ | curaçón /kuɾaˈsɔn/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ |
| Mfupa | osu /ˈosu/ | óso /ˈɔso/ | güesu /ˈɡwesu/ | osso /ˈosu/ | güesu /ˈɡwesu/ | osso /ˈosu/ | güeso /ˈɣweso/ |
| Damu | sangri /ˈsaŋɡɾi/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡe/ | sangri /ˈsaŋɡɾi/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡe/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡe/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ |
| Kinyesi | merda /ˈmeɾda/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | — | cocó /koˈkɔ/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | cocó /koˈkɔ/ | caca /ˈkaka/ |
| Upendo | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amol /aˈmol/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Mti | arbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbore /ˈaɾβoɾe/ | arbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ |
| Mbwa | can /kan/ | can /kaŋ/ | perru /ˈperu/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ | perru /ˈperu/ | cão /kɐ̃w/ | can /kan/ |
| Paka | gatu /ˈɣatu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ |
| Samaki | peixi /ˈpejʃi/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ | pexi /ˈpeʃi/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ | pexe /ˈpeʃe/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ | peix /pejʃ/ |
| Ndege | páxaru /ˈpaʃaɾu/ | paxaro /ˈpaʃaɾo/ | páxaru /ˈpaxaɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasaɾu/ | páxaru /ˈpaʃaɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasaɾu/ | paixaro /paˈʃaɾo/ |
| Kipepeo | maripoixha /maɾiˈpoiʒa/ | bolboreta /bolβoˈɾeta/ | — | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | caparina /kapaˈɾina/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | paxarela /paʃaˈɾela/ |
| Yai | ovu /ˈobu/ | ovo /ˈɔβo/ | güevu /ˈɡweβu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | güevu /ˈɡweβu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | uego /ˈweɣo/ |
| Farasi | cabalu /kaˈbalu/ | cabalo /kaˈβalo/ | caballu /kaˈβaʎu/ | cavalo /kaˈvalu/ | caballu /kaˈβaʎu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | caballo /kaˈβaʎo/ |
| Nyumba | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkasa/ |
| Maziwa | leiti /ˈlejti/ | leite /ˈlejte/ | lechi /ˈletʃi/ | leite /ˈlejte/ | lleche /ˈʎetʃe/ | leite /ˈlejte/ | leit /lejt/ |
| Asali | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | miel /mjel/ | mel /mɛl/ | miel /mjel/ | mel /mɛl/ | miel /mjel/ |
| Chumvi | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ |
| Mvinyo | viñu /ˈbiɲu/ | viño /ˈbiɲo/ | vinu /ˈbinu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinu /ˈbinu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vin /bin/ |
| Mchele | arró /aˈɾo/ | arroz /aˈɾoθ/ | arrós /aˈros/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /aˈroθ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /aˈroθ/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolati /tʃokoˈlati/ | chocolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | chocolati /tʃokoˈlati/ | chocolate /ʃukuˈlatɨ/ | chicolate /tʃikoˈlate/ | chocolate /ʃukuˈlatɨ/ | chicolate /tʃikoˈlate/ |
| Chuma | ferru /ˈferu/ | ferro /ˈfɛro/ | hierru /ˈhjeru/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ |
| Gurudumu | roa /ˈroa/ | roda /ˈrɔða/ | ruea /ˈrwea/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | rueda /ˈrweða/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | rueda /ˈrweða/ |
| Kitabu | libru /ˈlibɾu/ | libro /ˈliβɾo/ | libru /ˈliβɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | llibru /ˈʎiβɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | libro /ˈliβɾo/ |
| Kula | cumel /kuˈmel/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comel /koˈmel/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | minchar /minˈtʃaɾ/ |
| Kunywa | bebel /beˈβel/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bebel /beˈβel/ | beber /bɨˈbeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈbeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ |
| Kulala | durmir /durˈmir/ | durmir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | durmil /duɾˈmil/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /doɾˈmiɾ/ |
| Moja | un /un/ | un /uŋ/ | un /un/ | um /ũ/ | ún /un/ | um /ũ/ | uno /ˈuno/ |
| Mbili | dous /dows/ | dous /dows/ | dos /dos/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dos /dos/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dos /dos/ |
| Tatu | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | tres /tɾes/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | tres /tɾes/ |
| Nne | cuatru /ˈkwatɾu/ | catro /ˈkatɾo/ | cuatru /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | cuatro /ˈkwatɾo/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾo/ |
| Tano | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cincu /ˈθiŋku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ |
| Mia | cen /θeŋ/ | cen /θeŋ/ | cien /θjen/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cien /θjen/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cient /θjent/ |
| Habari | salú /saˈlu/ | ola /ˈɔla/ | salú /saˈlu/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | hola /ˈola/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | hola /ˈola/ |
| Asante | gracias /ˈɣɾasjas/ | grazas /ˈɡɾaθas/ | gracias /ˈɣɾasjas/ | obrigado /obɾiˈɡadu/ | gracies /ˈɡɾaθjes/ | obrigado /obɾiˈɡadu/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ |
| Nzuri | bõ /bõ/ | bo /bɔ/ | güenu /ˈɡwenu/ | bom /bõ/ | bonu /ˈbonu/ | bom /bõ/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ |
| Mpya | novu /ˈnobu/ | novo /ˈnɔβo/ | nuevu /ˈnweβu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | nuevu /ˈnweβu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | nuevo /ˈnweβo/ |
| Nyekundu | vermellu /beɾˈmeʎu/ | vermello /beɾˈmeʎo/ | coloráu /koloˈɾaw/ | vermelho /veɾˈmeʎu/ | bermeyu /beɾˈmeʝu/ | vermelho /veɾˈmeʎu/ | royo /ˈrojo/ |
| Nyeupe | branco /bɾaŋko/ | branco /ˈbɾaŋko/ | blancu /ˈblaŋku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | blancu /ˈblaŋku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | blanco /ˈblaŋko/ |
| Nyeusi | negru /ˈneɡɾu/ | negro /ˈneɣɾo/ | negru /ˈneɣɾu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | negru /ˈneɣɾu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | negro /ˈneɣɾo/ |
| Kijani | verdi /ˈbeɾdi/ | verde /ˈbeɾðe/ | verdi /ˈbeɾði/ | verde /ˈveɾde/ | verde /ˈbeɾðe/ | verde /ˈveɾde/ | verde /ˈbeɾde/ |
| Kekeo | cucu /ˈkuku/ | cuco /ˈkuko/ | cucu /ˈkuku/ | cuco /ˈkuku/ | cuquiellu /kuˈkjeʎu/ | cuco /ˈkuku/ | cuculo /kuˈkulo/ |
| Chungwa | laranxa /laˈɾaŋʃa/ | laranxa /laˈɾaŋʃa/ | naranja /naˈɾaŋha/ | laranja /laˈɾɐ̃ʒa/ | naranxa /naˈɾaŋʃa/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | narancha /naˈɾantʃa/ |
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