Rarámuri
Kitarahumara
Kiuto-Azteki (Taracahitan)
Kitarahumara (Rarámuri, "wale wanaokimbia kwa miguu") ni lugha ya familia ya Yuto-Azteki katika milima ya Sierra Tarahumara, jimbo la Chihuahua, Meksiko. Watu wa Rarámuri ni mashuhuri duniani kote kwa mila ya kukimbia mwendo mrefu kama "rarájipari" (mbio za kupiga mpira kwa mguu).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kitarahumara
chocolate
azúcar
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki (Taracahitan)
| Maana | Kitarahumara | Proto-Uto-Azteki | Kiwixarika | Kicora | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | bawí /bawi/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Moto | nahí /nahi/ | *na- /na/ | tai /tai/ | taʼai /taʔai/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Jua | rayó /ɾajo/ | *ta /ta/ | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tonati /tonati/ |
| Mwezi | mecá /metʃa/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Nyota | sopolí /sopoli/ | — /—/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ |
| Usiku | rokó /roko/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tikari /tikari/ | tika /tika/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | youali /jowali/ |
| Mvua | ukuí /ukui/ | *yuku /juku/ | wiyeri /wijeri/ | biite /biːte/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ |
| Theluji | kiparí /kipaɾi/ | — | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | seeri /seːɾi/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | sital set /sital set/ |
| Upepo | eká /eka/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | eeca /eːka/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Udongo | weʼé /weʔe/ | — | kwie /kʷie/ | chuej /tʃweh/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlali /tɬali/ |
| Jiwe | rité /ɾite/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | tete /tete/ | teté /teˈte/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ |
| Mlima | rabó /ɾabo/ | *yohawi /johawi/ | yemuri /jemuri/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Bahari | mar /maɾ/ | *mɨma /mɨma/ | haramara /haramara/ | muájete /mwaˈhete/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ |
| Mama | iyé /ije/ | — /—/ | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | nana /nana/ | nanan /nanan/ | nana /nana/ |
| Baba | onó /ono/ | *owa /owa/ | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ |
| Binti | mará /maˈɾa/ | *mala /mala/ | — | — | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ |
| Mimi | nejé /nehe/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nee /neː/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | na /na/ |
| Wewe | mujé /muhe/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | ta /ta/ |
| Sisi | tamujé /tamuhe/ | — /—/ | tame /ˈtame/ | ta /ta/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ |
| Jina | riwá /ɾiwa/ | *tewa /tewa/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ |
| Mtu | pagótami /paɡotami/ | *takaC /takaC/ | tewi /tewi/ | tebi /tebi/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ |
| Kichwa | moʼó /moʔo/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Jicho | pusí /pusi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ |
| Sikio | naká /naka/ | *naka /naka/ | naka /naka/ | naxai /naʃai/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ |
| Pua | aká /aka/ | *yaka /jaka/ | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ |
| Mdomo | riní /ɾini/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | téni /teni/ | teni /teni/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ |
| Jino | ramé /rame/ | *tama /tama/ | tame /tame/ | tame /tame/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ |
| Ulimi | chamerawa /tʃamerawa/ | *nene /nene/ | neni /neni/ | nanu /nanu/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ |
| Mkono | sekuá /sekwa/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Mguu | ronó /ɾono/ | *tala /tala/ | keta /keta/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Moyo | surí /suɾi/ | *sula /sula/ | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ |
| Mfupa | ochí /otʃi/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | ume /ume/ | ɨka /ɨka/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Damu | wichirá /witʃiɾa/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ |
| Kinyesi | witá /wita/ | *kwittaC /kwittaC/ | kwita /kʷita/ | — | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | — | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ |
| Upendo | nakí /naki/ | — /—/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ |
| Mti | gokó /ɡoko/ | *kut /kut/ | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Mbwa | kochí /kotʃi/ | *woci /woci/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ |
| Paka | misí /misi/ | — /—/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | misto /misto/ |
| Samaki | rochi /rotʃi/ | *paki /paki/ | kesi /kesi/ | sasa /sasa/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michi /mitʃi/ |
| Ndege | chulugí /tʃuluɡi/ | — | wiki /wiki/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ |
| Kipepeo | nakarópari /nakaropari/ | — | kipï /kipɨ/ | átzipaʼu /ˈatsipaʔu/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ |
| Yai | kaʼwá /kaʔwa/ | — | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | taʼu /taʔu/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ |
| Farasi | kawé /kawe/ | — | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ |
| Nyumba | kalí /kali/ | *ki /ki/ | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | cali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | kali /kali/ |
| Asali | amoo /amoo/ | — | xiete /ʃiete/ | sarate /saɾate/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Chumvi | koná /kona/ | *ona /ona/ | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | unáj /unah/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | — | — | tzicuraá /tsikuɾaˈa/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ |
| Chuma | jiyero /hijeɾo/ | — | tepɨa /tepɨa/ | tepuústiʼi /tepuːstiʔi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Kitabu | libro /libɾo/ | — | xapa /ʃapa/ | liibru /ˈliːbɾu/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ |
| Kula | koʼa /koʔa/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Kunywa | bahí /bahi/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | atli /atɬi/ |
| Kulala | kochí /kotʃi/ | *koci /koci/ | kutsu /kutsu/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| Moja | bilé /bile/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ |
| Mbili | okuá /okwa/ | *wo /wo/ | huta /huˈta/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Tatu | bakiá /bakia/ | *pahi /pahi/ | haika /haika/ | waika /waika/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | eyi /ejiː/ |
| Nne | naó /nao/ | *na-wakay /nawakaj/ | nauka /nauka/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ |
| Tano | marí /maˈɾi/ | *cipo /cipo/ | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ |
| Mia | siénto /ˈsjento/ | — | xeitsienituyari /ʃeitsienitujari/ | anxɨ́te /anˈʃɨte/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Habari | kuira /kuiɾa/ | — /—/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | niltze /niltse/ | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Asante | matéterabá /mateteɾaba/ | — /—/ | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ |
| Nzuri | galá /ɡala/ | — /—/ | waxa /waʃa/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | kuali /kʷali/ |
| Mpya | bukulíwami /bukuliwami/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | hekwa /hekʷa/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ |
| Nyekundu | sitákame /siˈtakame/ | — /—/ | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | sabí /saˈbi/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| Nyeupe | rosá /rosa/ | *tosa /tosa/ | tuxame /tuʃame/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | istak /istak/ |
| Nyeusi | chókami /tʃokami/ | *tuku /tuku/ | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ |
| Kijani | siyóname /siˈjoname/ | — | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ |
| Buluu | siyóname /siˈjoname/ | — | yuawime /juawime/ | — | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azul /aˈsul/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ |
| Kahawa | kajé /kahe/ | — | — | — | — | café /kaˈfe/ | kafej /kafeh/ |
| Sukari | azúcar | — | — | — | — | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ |
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