Náhuatl
Kinahuatl cha Guerrero
Kiuto-Azteki
Kinahuatl cha Guerrero ni lugha ya Kinahuani cha Kati katika familia ya Kiuto-Azteki, kinachozungumzwa na watu wapatao 150,000 katika eneo la Sierra Norte/La Montaña la jimbo la Guerrero, Mexico. Kiisimu, ni mojawapo ya aina kuu za Kinahuatl cha Kisasa pamoja na aina za Huasteca (nch/nhw/nhe), zikiwa na sifa bainifu za kifonolojia kama vile kizuizi cha koromeo «saltillo» katika maeneo ambayo Kinahuatl cha Kale kilikuwa na /h/ au /ʔ/. Kinahuatl cha Guerrero ni sehemu ya mwendelezo mpana wa lahaja za Kinahuatl cha Kisasa unaotokana na lugha ya mawasiliano ya Waazteki ya kipindi cha baada ya kale, lakini ukiwa na tofauti kubwa na aina za Mexico ya kati. Eneo la Guerrero lilikuwa ukanda mkuu wa mpaka wa Waazteki ambapo Muungano wa Watatu ulikutana na watu wa Mixtec, Tlapanec na Amuzgo, jambo lililochangia utofauti wa kileksika na kifonolojia katika Kinahuatl cha Guerrero cha kisasa.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinahuatl cha Guerrero
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki
| Maana | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kinahuatl cha Kale | Kipipil | Kinahuatl cha Istmo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | at /at/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ |
| Moto | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tit /tit/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ |
| Jua | tonajli /tonahli/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tunal /tunal/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ |
| Mwezi | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ |
| Nyota | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sital /ˈsital/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ |
| Usiku | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohuali /jowali/ | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ |
| Mvua | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ |
| Theluji | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | sital set /sital set/ | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Upepo | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ |
| Udongo | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | tal /ˈtaːl/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ |
| Jiwe | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tet /tet/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ |
| Mlima | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ |
| Bahari | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyi atl /weˈji atɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ |
| Mama | nanan /nanan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | nan /nan/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ |
| Baba | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | tat /tat/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ |
| Binti | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | ichpōchtli /itʃpoːtʃtɬi/ | nusiwapiltzin /nusiwaˈpiltsin/ | isihua̱piltzi̱n /isiwaːpiltsiːn/ |
| Mimi | nejua /neˈwa/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nej /neh/ |
| Wewe | tejua /teˈwa/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | tej /teh/ |
| Sisi | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ |
| Jina | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /tokaitɬ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ |
| Mtu | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | — |
| Kichwa | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ |
| Jicho | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | ish /iʃ/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ |
| Sikio | nacas /nakas/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nakas /nakas/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Pua | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yak /jak/ | yacti /jakti/ |
| Mdomo | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | ten /ten/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ |
| Jino | tlan /tɬan/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tan /tan/ | tanti /tanti/ |
| Ulimi | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ |
| Mkono | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | mayitl /majitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mey /mei/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ |
| Mguu | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | icxi /ikʃi/ |
| Moyo | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ |
| Mfupa | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | umit /umit/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ |
| Damu | yestli /jestɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | esti /esti/ |
| Upendo | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | quinequi /kineki/ |
| Mti | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ |
| Mbwa | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pelu /peːlu/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ |
| Paka | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | misto /misto/ | mizto /misto/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ |
| Samaki | michin /mitʃin/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ |
| Ndege | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | tutut /tutut/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ |
| Kipepeo | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | papalut /papalut/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ |
| Yai | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | teksisti /teksisti/ | itecsis /iteksis/ |
| Dubu | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ |
| Nyumba | kajli /kahli/ | cali /kali/ | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | cajli /kahli/ |
| Maziwa | leche /ˈletʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ |
| Asali | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | nekti /nekti/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Chumvi | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | istat /istat/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Mchele | arroz /aˈros/ | — | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — | — | arro̱j /aroːh/ |
| Chokoleti | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | — | chukulat /tʃukulat/ | — |
| Chuma | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepoztli /tepostɬi/ | tepusti /tepusti/ | tepos /tepos/ |
| Hariri | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | amatl /amatɬ/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | amat /amat/ | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ |
| Kula | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ |
| Kunywa | koni /koni/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | ati /ati/ | a̱ti /aːti/ |
| Kulala | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ |
| Moja | ce /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ | cē /seː/ | se /se/ | se̱ /seː/ |
| Mbili | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | ume /ˈume/ | o̱me /oːme/ |
| Tatu | yeyi /jeji/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yei /jeːi/ | yey /jej/ | e̱yi /eːji/ |
| Nne | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | nawi /naːwi/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ |
| Tano | makuijli /makʷihli/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | cinco /sinko/ |
| Mia | ciento /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | mācuīlpōhualli /maːkʷiːlpoːˈwalːi/ | tzunti /tsunti/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Habari | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | pialli /pialːi/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ |
| Nzuri | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | yek /jeːk/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ |
| Mpya | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ |
| Nyekundu | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ |
| Nyeupe | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | istak /istak/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ |
| Nyeusi | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ |
| Kijani | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ |
| Buluu | azul /aˈsul/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | texotli /teʃohtɬi/ | — | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ |
| Kompyuta | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | nepōhualtzintzin /nepoːwalˈtsintsin/ | computadora | — |
| Chai | té /te/ | — | té /te/ | — | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kafej /kafeh/ | cafe /kafe/ | — | — | capej /kapeh/ |
| Sukari | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | — | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | — | — | — |
| Chungwa | naranja /naˈranxa/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | alaxox /ˈalaʃoːʃ/ | — | — | — |
| 99 | napoajli huan majtlactli huan chicnahui /napoahli wan mahtɬaktɬi wan tʃiknawi/ | — | — | — | nāppōhualli oncaxtōlli onnāhui /naːpːoːˈwalːi onkaʃˈtoːlːi onˈnaːwi/ | — | — |
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