ܛܘܪܝܐ
Kituroyo
Kiafro-Asia
Kituroyo (pia Surayt; kwa Kisiria ܛܘܪܝܐ, yaani "ya mlima") ni lugha ya Kiaramu-Kipya cha Kati ya nyanda za juu za Tur Abdin kusini-mashariki mwa Uturuki, kitovu cha kihistoria cha jamii ya Wakristo wa Kanisa la Kisiria la Othodoksi. Sayfo (mauaji ya kimbari ya Waashuru-Wasiria ya mwaka 1915) na mateso ya Kituruki yaliyoendelea katika karne ya 20 yaliwafanya wazungumzaji wengi wa Kituroyo kuhamia ughaibuni Ulaya; leo jamii kubwa zaidi inayozungumza Kituroyo iko Södertälje, Uswidi. Kituroyo kinatokana na Kiaramu cha Mashariki lakini kimejitenga sana na lugha dada yake, Kiaramu-Kipya cha Mashariki (aii Kiashuru) — msamiati wa kipekee, mofolojia ya kesi iliyorahisishwa, na maneno ya mkopo kutoka Kigiriki, Kituruki na Kikurdi. Licha ya jamii hii kubwa, Kituroyo hakimo miongoni mwa lugha tano za wachache za kitaifa zinazotambuliwa na Uswidi (Kifinlandi, Meänkieli, Kisami, Kiyidi na Kiromani) na hakina hadhi yoyote rasmi kama lugha ya wachache.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kituroyo
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiafro-Asia
| Maana | Kituroyo | Kimanda | Kiaramu Kipya cha Kiashuru | Kiaramayika cha Magharibi | Kiaramu | Kisuriani cha kale | Kiaramu cha Kale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ܡܝܐ /majo/ | ࡌࡉࡀ /mia/ | ܡܝܐ /mijja/ | ܡܘܝܐ /moːja/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | מין /majin/ |
| Moto | ܢܘܪܐ /nuro/ | ࡍࡅࡓࡀ /nura/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nura/ | — /—/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | נור /nuːr/ |
| Jua | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃamʃo/ | ࡔࡀࡌࡔࡀ /ʃamʃa/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃimʃa/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | שמש /ʃamʃ/ |
| Mwezi | ܣܗܪܐ /sahro/ | ࡎࡉࡓࡀ /sira/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahra/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | שהר /sahr/ |
| Nyota | ܟܟܒܐ /kəxwo/ | ࡊࡅࡊࡁࡀ /ˈkukba/ | ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ /kawxva/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkba/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /koːχβaː/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkβaː/ | כוכב /kawkab/ |
| Usiku | ܠܠܝܐ /laljo/ | ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡀ /lilja/ | ܠܸܠܝܵܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /leljaː/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | לליא /leːljaː/ |
| Mvua | ܡܛܪܐ /metˤro/ | — | ܡܛܪܐ /mɪˈtˤra/ | — | ܡܛܪܐ /miˈtˤraː/ | ܡܛܪܐ /maˈtˤraː/ | 𐡌𐡈𐡓 /maːtˤar/ |
| Theluji | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡo/ | ࡕࡀࡋࡂࡀ /talɡa/ | ܬܲܠܓܵܐ /talɡa/ | ܬܠܟܐ /ˈθelka/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | 𐡕𐡋𐡂 /talɡ/ |
| Upepo | ܗܘܐ /hawa/ | — | ܦܲܘܚܵܐ /ˈpawxa/ | — | ܪܘܚܐ /ˈruħaː/ | ܪܘܚܐ /ˈruħɔ/ | 𐡓𐡅𐡇 /riːħ/ |
| Udongo | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕo/ | ࡀࡓࡒࡀ /arqa/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕa/ | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕɔ/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕaː/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕɑ/ | 𐡀𐡓𐡒 /ʔarq/ |
| Jiwe | ܟܐܦܐ /kefo/ | ࡂࡋࡀࡋࡀ /ɡlala/ | ܟܐܦܐ /ˈkeːpa/ | ܟܐܦܐ /xefa/ | ܐܒܢܐ /ʔaβnaː/ | ܟܐܦܐ /keːpaː/ | אבן /ʔaben/ |
| Mlima | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuro/ | ࡈࡅࡓࡀ /tˤura/ | ܛܘܪܐ /ˈtˤuːra/ | — | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | — |
| Bahari | ܝܡܐ /jamo/ | — | ܝܡܐ /jaːmaː/ | — | ܝܡܐ /jammaː/ | ܝܡܐ /jammaː/ | — |
| Mama | ܐܡܐ /imo/ | ࡀࡌࡀ /ama/ | ܝܡܐ /jimma/ | ܐܡܐ /emaː/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | אמ /ʔem/ |
| Baba | ܒܒܐ /babo/ | ࡀࡁࡀ /aba/ | ܒܒܐ /baba/ | ܒܒܐ /babːaː/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | אב /ʔab/ |
| Binti | ܒܪܬܐ /barto/ | ࡁࡓࡀࡕࡀ /brata/ | ܒܪܵܬܵܐ /ˈbrata/ | ܒܪܬ̤ܐ /bertʃa/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ברת /bart/ |
| Mimi | ܐܢܐ /ono/ | ࡀࡍࡀ /ˈana/ | ܐܵܢܵܐ /ˈʔaːna/ | ܐܢܐ /ana/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔanaː/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔenaː/ | אנה /ʔanaː/ |
| Wewe | ܗܬ /hat/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡕ /at/ | ܐܲܢ݉ܬ /ʔat/ | ܚܐܟ /ħatʃ/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔatt/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔat/ | אנת /ʔantaː/ |
| Sisi | ܐܚܢܐ /aħna/ | ࡀࡍࡉࡍ /ˈanin/ | ܐܲܚܢܲܢ /ˈʔaxnan/ | ܐܢܚ /anaħ/ | ܐܢܚܢܢ /ʔanaħnan/ | ܚܢܢ /ħnan/ | אנחנא /ʔanaħnaː/ |
| Jina | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃmo/ | ࡔࡅࡌࡀ /ˈʃuma/ | ܫܸܡܵܐ /ˈʃɪmma/ | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃma/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | שם /ʃum/ |
| Mtu | ܢܫܐ /noʃo/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡔࡀ /anaʃa/ | ܒܲܪܢܵܫܵܐ /barnaːʃa/ | ܒܪܢܫܐ /barnoːʃa/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | אנש /ʔenaːʃ/ |
| Kichwa | ܪܝܫܐ /riʃo/ | ࡓࡉࡔ /riʃ/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃa/ | — | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | — |
| Jicho | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajno/ | ࡏࡉࡍࡀ /ʔina/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | עין /ʕajn/ |
| Sikio | ܐܕܢܐ /aðno/ | ࡏࡅࡃࡍࡀ /odna/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ˈʔɪðna/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔiðnaː/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnaː/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnɑ/ | 𐡀𐡃𐡍𐡀 /ʔuðnaː/ |
| Pua | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiro/ | ࡍࡄࡉࡓࡀ /nhira/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /naxxiːra/ | — | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːraː/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːrɔ/ | אפא /ʔappaː/ |
| Mdomo | ܦܡܐ /femo/ | ࡐࡅࡌࡀ /puma/ | ܦܘܡܐ /pumma/ | — | ܦܘܡܐ /pumːaː/ | ܦܘܡܐ /puːmaː/ | פם /pum/ |
| Jino | ܐܪܫܐ /arʃo/ | ࡔࡉࡍࡀ /ʃinːa/ | ܟܵܟܵܐ /kaka/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːa/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | שנא /ʃenːaː/ |
| Ulimi | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃono/ | ࡋࡉࡔࡀࡍࡀ /liʃana/ | ܠܫܵܢܵܐ /liʃana/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃona/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | לשנא /liʃːaːnaː/ |
| Mkono | ܐܝܕܐ /iðo/ | ࡏࡃࡀ /ʔida/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iːða/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iða/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | יד /jad/ |
| Mguu | ܪܓܠܐ /raɣlo/ | ࡋࡉࡂࡓࡀ /liɡra/ | ܥܩܠܐ /ʕaqla/ | — | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | רגל /reɡel/ |
| Moyo | ܠܒܐ /lebo/ | ࡋࡉࡁࡀ /liba/ | ܠܒܐ /libba/ | ܠܒܐ /lebaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | לב /leb/ |
| Mfupa | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmo/ | ࡂࡉࡓࡌࡀ /ɡerma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /xerma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | גרמא /ɡarmaː/ |
| Damu | ܐܕܡܐ /admo/ | ࡆࡌࡀ /zma/ | ܕܡܵܐ /dɪmma/ | ܐܙܡܐ /ezma/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | דמא /dmaː/ |
| Upendo | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubo/ | ࡓࡅࡄࡌࡀ /ruhma/ | ܚܘܒܐ /xubba/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | רחם /raħem/ |
| Mti | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilono/ | ࡏࡋࡀࡍࡀ /ilana/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilana/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /elona/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | עץ /ʕeːsˤ/ |
| Mbwa | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbo/ | ࡊࡀࡋࡁࡀ /kalba/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalba/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | כלב /kalb/ |
| Paka | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunoro/ | ࡔࡅࡍࡀࡓࡀ /ʃunara/ | ܩܛܘ /qaːtˤo/ | ܩܛܘܢܐ /qatˤuna/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ܢܘܢܐ /nuno/ | ࡍࡅࡍࡀ /nuna/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuna/ | — /—/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | נונא /nuːnaː/ |
| Ndege | ܛܝܪܐ /tˤajro/ | ࡑࡉࡐࡓࡀ /sipra/ | ܛܲܝܪܵܐ /tˤajra/ | — | ܨܦܪܐ /sˤefraː/ | ܦܪܚܬܐ /paːˈraħtaː/ | צפר /sˤippar/ |
| Yai | ܒܥܬܐ /baʕto/ | — | ܒܝܥܬܐ /beːta/ | — | ܒܝܥܬܐ /beːʕtaː/ | ܒܥܬܐ /beːʕtɔ/ | ביעתא /beːʕtaː/ |
| Dubu | ܕܒܐ /debo/ | — | ܕܒܐ /dɪbba/ | — | ܕܒܐ /debbaː/ | ܕܒܐ /debaː/ | דבא /dubbaː/ |
| Farasi | ܣܘܣܝܐ /susjo/ | — | ܣܘܼܣܹܐ /suːse/ | — | ܣܘܣܝܐ /suːsjaː/ | ܣܘܣܝܐ /suːsjaː/ | — |
| Nyumba | ܒܝܬܐ /bajto/ | ࡁࡉࡕࡀ /bita/ | ܒܝܬܐ /beθa/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθa/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajtaː/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθaː/ | בית /beːt/ |
| Maziwa | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalwo/ | — | ܚܠܒܐ /xalwa/ | — | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalbaː/ | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalbɔ/ | — |
| Asali | ܕܒܫܐ /dawʃo/ | — | ܕܸܒ݂ܫܵܐ /dɪwʃa/ | — | ܕܒܫܐ /deβʃaː/ | ܕܒܫܐ /deβʃaː/ | דבשא /debʃaː/ |
| Chumvi | ܡܠܚܐ /melħo/ | ࡌࡉࡄࡋࡀ /mihla/ | ܡܠܚܐ /ˈmilxa/ | — | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | מלח /melaħ/ |
| Mvinyo | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamro/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡓࡀ /hamra/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ˈxamraː/ | — | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamraː/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamrɔ/ | חמרא /ħamraː/ |
| Mchele | ܪܙܐ /rezo/ | — | ܪܙܐ /rɪzza/ | — | ܪܘܙܐ /ruzzaː/ | ܪܘܙܐ /ruːzaː/ | — |
| Chuma | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlo/ | ࡐࡀࡓࡆࡋࡀ /parzla/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /ˈprizla/ | — | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | פרזל /parzel/ |
| Gurudumu | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡlo/ | — | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡla/ | — | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡlaː/ | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiːɡlaː/ | גלגל /ɡalɡal/ |
| Hariri | ܫܐܪܐ /ʃiro/ | — | ܐܒܪܝܣܡ /abriːsim/ | — | — | ܩܙ /qaz/ | — |
| Kitabu | ܟܬܒܐ /kθowo/ | ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡀ /draʃa/ | ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ /kθaːwa/ | — | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | — |
| Kula | ܐܟܠ /oxulo/ | ࡀࡊࡀࡋ /akal/ | ܐܟܠ /axil/ | ܐܟܠ /iʔχel/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔaːχel/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔeχal/ | אכל /ʔakal/ |
| Kunywa | ܫܬܐ /ʃote/ | ࡔࡕࡀ /ʃta/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃate/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃetaː/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃtaː/ | ܐܫܬܝ /ʔeʃtiː/ | שתה /ʃataː/ |
| Kulala | ܕܡܟ /domaχ/ | ࡃࡌࡀࡊ /dmak/ | ܕܡܟ /daːmeːx/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | דמך /damek/ |
| Moja | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ࡄࡀࡃ /had/ | ܚܕ /xa/ | ܐܚܕ /ʔaħːað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | חד /ħad/ |
| Mbili | ܬܪܐ /tre/ | ࡕࡓࡉࡍ /tren/ | ܬܪܹܝܢ /treːn/ | ܐܬܪ /ʔeθər/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | תרין /treːn/ |
| Tatu | ܬܠܬܐ /tloθo/ | ࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ /tlata/ | ܬܠܵܬܵܐ /tˤlaːθa/ | ܬܠܬܐ /θlɒːθa/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːθ/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːt/ | תלת /tlaːt/ |
| Nne | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arbˤo/ | ࡀࡓࡁࡀ /arba/ | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arpa/ | ܐܪܒ݆ܥܐ /ʔarpʕa/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ארבע /ʔarbaʕ/ |
| Tano | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃo/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡔࡀ /hamʃa/ | ܚܡܫܐ /xamʃa/ | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃa/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | חמש /ħamːeʃ/ |
| Mia | ܡܐ /mo/ | — | ܐܡܐܐ /ʔɪmma/ | — | ܡܐܐ /maː/ | ܡܐܐ /maː/ | מאה /maː/ |
| Habari | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomo/ | ࡔࡋࡀࡌࡀ /ʃlama/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːma/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | שלם /ʃəlaːm/ |
| Asante | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdi/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ /ʈabuta/ | ܒܣܝܡܐ /basima/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | ܫܘܒܚܐ /ʃubħaː/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | ܛܒܐ /tˤobo/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡀ /tˤaba/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːwa/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβa/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | טב /tˤab/ |
| Mpya | ܚܕܬܐ /ħaθo/ | — | ܚܕܬܐ /xaːθa/ | — | ܚܕܬܐ /ħaðtaː/ | ܚܕܬܐ /ħadtaː/ | — |
| Nyekundu | ܣܡܘܩܐ /semoqo/ | ࡎࡅࡌࡒࡀ /sumqa/ | ܣܡܘܩܐ /smuqa/ | ܣܡܩܐ /smaqa/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumqaː/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumːaqaː/ | סמק /summaːq/ |
| Nyeupe | ܚܘܪܐ /ħwara/ | ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ /hiwara/ | ܚܘܵܪܵܐ /xəwaːra/ | — | ܚܘܪܐ /ħewwaːraː/ | ܚܶܘܳܪܳܐ /ħewɔːrɔ/ | חור /ħewːaːr/ |
| Nyeusi | ܟܘܡܐ /komo/ | ࡊࡅࡌࡀ /kuma/ | ܟܘܡܐ /kuma/ | — | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukkaːmaː/ | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukːaːmaː/ | — |
| Kijani | ܝܪܩܐ /jaroqo/ | — | ܝܲܪܘܿܩܵܐ /jaroqa/ | — | ܝܘܪܩܐ /jaroːqaː/ | ܝܘܪܩܐ /jawrqaː/ | ירק /jraːq/ |
Ukurasa 1/9
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