Urhobo
Kiurhobo
Atlantiki-Kongo (Volta-Niger, Edoid, Kusini-Magharibi)
Kiurhobo ni lugha ya Kiedoidi ya Kusini-Magharibi ya eneo la Delta ya Niger, inayohusiana kwa karibu na Kiedo (bin), Kiesan, na Kiisoko. Watu wa Urhobo ni mojawapo ya makabila makuu ya Delta ya Niger, kwa jadi wakiwa wavuvi-wakulima katika maeneo ya kinamasi ya Niger ya chini. Ni lugha ya toni yenye toni tatu tofautishi; mofolojia ya vitenzi inajumuisha uwekaji alama wa aspekti unaotegemea viambishi awali. Chama cha Kihistoria cha Urhobo (Urhobo Historical Society, 1957) na Chama cha Mafunzo ya Urhobo (Urhobo Studies Association) vimetoa rasilimali pana za kileksika na kiothografia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiurhobo
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Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Atlantiki-Kongo (Volta-Niger, Edoid, Kusini-Magharibi)
| Maana | Kiurhobo | Kiisoko | Kiyekhee | Kiedo | Kidegema | Kiaja | Kiembu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ame /ame/ | ame /ame/ | amɛ /amɛ/ | amẹ /amɛ̃/ | amin /amin/ | esi /esi/ | manjĩ /maɲdʒe/ |
| Moto | erhanre /eɾanɾe/ | erae /eɾae/ | eria /eɾia/ | erhẹn /eɾɛ̃/ | itany /itaɲ/ | ezo /ezo/ | mwaki /mwaki/ |
| Jua | uvo /uvo/ | ọvẹ /ɔvɛ/ | ovan /ovan/ | ovẹn /oʋɛ̃/ | uvuwo /uvuwo/ | ewe /ewe/ | riũa /ɾioa/ |
| Mwezi | emeranvwe /emeɾanβwe/ | ọwa /ɔwa/ | ukpoki /ukpoki/ | uki /uki/ | obaam /obəəm/ | esun /esun/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ |
| Nyota | isio /isio/ | esi /esi/ | isi /isi/ | orhọnmwẹ /oɾɔ̃mwɛ̃/ | ụsemese /ʊsɛmɛsɛ/ | wlecivi /wletʃivi/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ |
| Usiku | ason /asõ/ | aso /aso/ | eridai /eridai/ | asọn /asɔ̃/ | ạsu /asʊ/ | ezan /ezã/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ |
| Mvua | osio /osio/ | oso /oso/ | — | — | ọkpar /ɔkpaɾ/ | eshi /eʃi/ | mbura /mbura/ |
| Upepo | aphopho /aɸoɸo/ | ofou /ofou/ | — | ẹhoho /ɛhoho/ | — | jihɔn /dʒihɔ̃/ | rũkũngi /ɾokoŋɡi/ |
| Udongo | otọ /ɔtɔ/ | otọ /ɔtɔ/ | — | otọ /otɔ/ | — | nyigban /ɲiɡbã/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ |
| Jiwe | oragha /oɾaɣa/ | — | udo /udo/ | okuta /okuta/ | ohinw /ohiŋʷ/ | ekpe /ekpe/ | ĩthiga /eðiɡa/ |
| Mlima | ugbenu /uɡbenu/ | ugbehru /uɡbehɾu/ | — | oke /oke/ | igu /iɡu/ | eto /eto/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ |
| Bahari | abadi /abadi/ | abade /abade/ | — | okun /okũ/ | — | axu /axu/ | ĩria /eɾia/ |
| Mama | oni /oni/ | oni /oni/ | iye /ije/ | iye /ije/ | onomo /onomo/ | enɔ /enɔ/ | nyanya /ɲaɲa/ |
| Baba | ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ | ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ | eθa /eθa/ | érhá /eɾa/ | ọsunomo /ɔsʊnɔmɔ/ | eda /eda/ | vava /βaβa/ |
| Binti | ọmọtẹ /ɔmɔtɛ/ | ọmọtẹ /ɔmɔtɛ/ | — | ọmọ okhuo /ɔmɔ oxuo/ | ọkpatam /ɔkpatam/ | vi nyɔnuvi /vi ɲɔnuvi/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ |
| Mimi | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ̃/ | mẹẹ /mɛɛ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nie /niɛ/ |
| Wewe | wẹ /wɛ/ | whẹ /ʍɛ/ | wẹ /wɛ/ | wẹ /wɛ/ | wọọ /wɔɔ/ | wo /wo/ | we /wɛ/ |
| Sisi | avwanre /aβwanɾe/ | ma /ma/ | mae /mae/ | ma /ma/ | eni /eni/ | mi /mi/ | tue /tuɛ/ |
| Jina | odẹ /odɛ/ | odẹ /odɛ/ | ena /ena/ | eni /ẽ̀nĩ̀/ | ini /ini/ | ŋkɔ /ŋkɔ/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ |
| Mtu | ohwo /ohwo/ | ohwo /ohwo/ | — | ọmwa /ɔmwã/ | oweey /oweej/ | amɛ /amɛ/ | mũndũ /mondo/ |
| Kichwa | uyovwi /ujoβwi/ | uzou /uzou/ | usumi /usumi/ | uhunmwu /uhũmwũ/ | utom /utom/ | eta /eta/ | kĩongo /keɔŋɡɔ/ |
| Jicho | ẹro /ɛɾo/ | ẹro /ɛɾo/ | evua /evua/ | aro /aro/ | ụnwo ạḍu /ʊŋʷɔ aɗʊ/ | ŋkuvi /ŋkuvi/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ |
| Sikio | erhọn /eɾɔ̃/ | ozọ /ozɔ/ | eo /eo/ | ehọ /ehɔ/ | ụsow /ʊsɔw/ | etɔ /etɔ/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ |
| Pua | uwen /uwẽ/ | unwe /unwe/ | isue /isue/ | ihue /ihue/ | isuveny /isuveɲ/ | — | ĩniũrũ /enioɾo/ |
| Mdomo | unu /unu/ | unu /unu/ | uno /uno/ | unu /unu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | kanyua /kaɲua/ |
| Jino | ako /ako/ | akọ /akɔ/ | ako /ako/ | akọn /akɔ̃/ | ụku /ʊkʊ/ | aɖu /aɖu/ | ĩgego /eɡɛɡɔ/ |
| Ulimi | ẹrẹnvwe /ɛɾɛnβwe/ | erou /eɾou/ | olemi /olemi/ | aranmwẹ /aranmwɛ̃/ | ụḍem /ʊɗɛm/ | aɖe /aɖe/ | rũrĩmĩ /roɾeme/ |
| Mkono | obọ /obɔ/ | obọ /obɔ/ | oba /oba/ | obọ /obɔ/ | ụḅo /ʊɓɔ/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | kĩvoko /keβɔkɔ/ |
| Mguu | owọ /owɔ/ | owọ /owɔ/ | — | owẹ /owɛ/ | avi /avi/ | afɔ /afɔ/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoro/ |
| Moyo | udu /udu/ | udu /udu/ | itsu /itsu/ | ekhọe /exɔe/ | ụnwo ivom /ʊŋʷɔ ivom/ | eji /edʒi/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ |
| Mfupa | ubeku /ubeku/ | ubeku /ubeku/ | ugoa /uɡoa/ | ùgbòlòkò /ùɡbòlòkò/ | uḅuwo /uɓuwo/ | exu /exu/ | ĩvĩndĩ /evende/ |
| Damu | ọbara /ɔbaɾa/ | azẹ /azɛ/ | atale /atale/ | esagiẹn /esaɡiɛ̃/ | ịjzalam /ɪzalam/ | ehun /ehũ/ | nthakame /nðakamɛ/ |
| Kinyesi | isọn /isɔ̃/ | isọ /isɔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Upendo | ẹguọnọ /ɛɡwɔnɔ/ | ọsuọ /ɔswɔ/ | gbele /ɡbele/ | arhuẹmwonmwan /aɾuɛ̃mwɛ̃/ | — /—/ | lɔ̃ /lɔ̃/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ |
| Mti | urhe /uɾe/ | orhan /oɾan/ | orhan /oɾhan/ | erhan /eɾã/ | ụtany /ʊtaɲ/ | aci /atʃi/ | mũtĩ /mote/ |
| Mbwa | eranko /eɾanko/ | ebọ /ebɔ/ | agbon /aɡbon/ | awa /awa/ | ạḅuwa /aɓʊwa/ | avu /avu/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ |
| Paka | ọtọma /ɔtɔma/ | ọtọmha /ɔtɔmha/ | otsuvua /otsuvua/ | apusi /apusi/ | pọsi /pɔsɪ/ | ami /ami/ | nyau /ɲau/ |
| Samaki | eri /eɾi/ | yei /jei/ | eseri /eseri/ | ehẹn /ehɛ̃/ | esen /esen/ | kpavi /kpavi/ | nthamaki /nðamaki/ |
| Ndege | ọphran /ɔɸɾã/ | evra /evɾa/ | apfiami /apfiami/ | ahianmwẹ /ahjãmwɛ̃/ | ẹfen /ɛfɛn/ | xevi /xevi/ | gĩconi /ɡetʃɔni/ |
| Kipepeo | — /—/ | ẹvbovbo /ɛʋoʋo/ | aviẹviẹ /aviɛviɛ/ | ebalabala /ebalabala/ | — | — | — |
| Yai | ukẹn /ukɛ̃/ | ike /ike/ | — | ekẹrẹ /ekɛrɛ/ | — | — | ĩtumbĩ /etumbe/ |
| Farasi | esi /esi/ | anyenya /aɲeɲa/ | akazi /akaʒi/ | ẹ́sín /ɛsĩ/ | — | esɔ /esɔ/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ |
| Nyumba | uwevwi /uweβwi/ | uwowhe /uwowhe/ | ukekpe /ukekpe/ | owa /owa/ | ụvay /ʊvaj/ | avia /avia/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ |
| Maziwa | ameivie /ameivie/ | imiliki /imiliki/ | — | ewẹn /ewɛ̃/ | — | anɔshu /anɔʃu/ | ĩriia /eɾiːa/ |
| Asali | ọnyọn /ɔɲɔ̃/ | ọnyọ /ɔɲɔ/ | — | owọn /owɔ̃/ | — | enyishi /eɲiʃi/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ |
| Chumvi | ughweraka /uɣʷeɾaka/ | uwhei /uʍei/ | umeri /umeri/ | umwẹ /umwɛ̃/ | uḅuwan /uɓuwən/ | eje /edʒe/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ |
| Mvinyo | udi /udi/ | enwaene /enwaene/ | — | ayọn /ajɔ̃/ | — | vɛn /vɛ̃/ | ndivei /ndiβei/ |
| Mchele | irosu /iɾosu/ | osikapa /osikapa/ | — | izẹ /izɛ/ | — | mɔlu /mɔlu/ | — |
| Chokoleti | ishọkọleti | echọkọleti | — | chocolate | — | shokola | — |
| Chuma | utehru /utehɾu/ | ayọno /ajɔno/ | akure /akuɾe/ | ematọn /ematɔ̃/ | ikulele /ikulele/ | ega /eɡa/ | cuma /tʃuma/ |
| Gurudumu | adjugẹn /adʒuɡɛ̃/ | ẹtẹ /ɛtɛ/ | — | owe /owe/ | — | — | nthugũ /nðuɡo/ |
| Hariri | esada /esada/ | silki /silki/ | — | — | — | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| Kitabu | ọbe /ɔbe/ | ụbị /ʊbɪ/ | — | ebe /ebe/ | — | wema /wema/ | ĩvuku /evuku/ |
| Kula | re /ɾe/ | re /ɾe/ | remi /ɾemi/ | re /re/ | ḍi /ɗi/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ |
| Kunywa | da /da/ | da /da/ | yamẹ /jamɛ/ | da /da/ | nyọnw /ɲɔŋʷ/ | nu /nu/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ |
| Kulala | vwerhẹ /βweɾɛ/ | wezẹ /wɛzɛ/ | — | vbiẹ /ʋiɛ/ | mẹse /mɛsɛ/ | dɔn alɔn /dɔ̃ alɔ̃/ | kũmama /komama/ |
| Moja | ọvo /ɔvo/ | ọvo /ɔvo/ | ɔkpa /ɔkpa/ | ọkpa /ɔkpa/ | ọvu /ɔvʊ/ | eɖe /eɖe/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ |
| Mbili | ivẹ /ivɛ/ | ivẹ /ivɛ/ | eva /eva/ | eva /èʋà/ | iva /ivə/ | eve /eve/ | igĩrĩ /iɡeɾe/ |
| Tatu | erha /eɾa/ | isa /isa/ | ela /ela/ | eha /eha/ | ịsay /ɪsaj/ | etɔ̃ /etɔ̃/ | ithatũ /iðato/ |
| Nne | ẹne /ɛne/ | ịnị /ɪnɪ/ | ezie /eʒie/ | enẹ /ènɛ̀/ | — | ɛnɛ /ɛnɛ/ | inya /iɲa/ |
| Tano | iyori /ijoɾi/ | isoi /isɔi/ | ise /ise/ | isẹn /isɛ̃/ | isuwon /isuwon/ | atɔ̃ /atɔ̃/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ |
| Mia | ujori /udʒoɾi/ | ẹgba /ɛɡba/ | — | iyisẹn /ijisɛ̃/ | itany isuwon /itaɲ isuwon/ | — | ĩgana /eɡana/ |
| Habari | migwo /miɡwo/ | mavọ /mavɔ/ | udze /udze/ | kóyo /kojo/ | — /—/ | nɛnɛ /nɛnɛ/ | wĩ mwaro /we mwaɾɔ/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | migwo /miɡwo/ | oyabuwere /ojabuweɾe/ | ù rú èsé /ù rú èsé/ | — /—/ | amɛ akpe /amɛ akpe/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | emamọ /emamɔ/ | ọwhọ /ɔwhɔ/ | edue /edue/ | ma /ma/ | ovi /ovi/ | nwi /nwi/ | mwaro /mwaɾɔ/ |
| Mpya | ọkpokpọ /ɔkpokpɔ/ | ọkpokpọ /ɔkpokpɔ/ | — | ọgbọn /ɔɡbɔ̃/ | ọfany /ɔfaɲ/ | yoyu /joju/ | gĩcerũ /ɡetʃɛɾo/ |
| Nyekundu | vwavwanre /βwaβwanɾe/ | wowe /wowe/ | bara /bara/ | baa /baː/ | ạtuatu /atʊatʊ/ | ejun /edʒũ/ | ndune /ndunɛ/ |
| Nyeupe | ọfuanfon /ɔfuanfɔ̃/ | ọfuafụ /ɔfuafʊ/ | pfa /pfa/ | fua /fua/ | ọfufu /ɔfʊfʊ/ | eyi /eji/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ |
| Nyeusi | biebi /biebi/ | obiebi /obiebi/ | wisi /wisi/ | nekhui /nexui/ | obibi /obibi/ | eyu /eju/ | mbirũ /mbiɾo/ |
| Kijani | ọgiọgiọ /ɔɡiɔɡiɔ/ | — | — | ebeebe /ebeebe/ | — | makpafan /makpafã/ | — |
| Buluu | iblu /iblu/ | iburu /ibuɾu/ | — | raghoragho /raɣoraɣo/ | — | — | vururu /βuɾuɾu/ |
| Kompyuta | ikọmputa /ikɔmputa/ | ekọmputa /ekɔmputa/ | — | ekọmputa /ekɔmputa/ | — | ɔdinatɛɛ /ɔdinatɛː/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chai | iti /iti/ | iti /iti/ | — | eti /eti/ | — | ti /ti/ | — |
| Kahawa | ikọfi /ikɔfi/ | ekọfi /ekɔfi/ | — | — | — | kafe /kafe/ | — |
| Sukari | oyibu /ojibu/ | isugẹ /isuɡɛ/ | — | — | — | sukle /sukle/ | — |
| Chungwa | utiẹn /utiɛ̃/ | otiowo /otiowo/ | — | — | — | — | — |
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