Adi Agom
Adi
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Tani, Western)
Adi (Adi Agom, "people's words") is a major Tani language of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India. The Adi people are one of the largest indigenous groups of Arunachal, with multiple sub-tribes (Padam, Minyong, Galo, Pasi, Komkar, Tangam, Bori) speaking mutually intelligible varieties. Tonal with three contrastive tones, polysynthetic verb morphology with hierarchical agreement. The traditional ecological knowledge of the Adi has been documented in the Adi Cultural Studies Centre publications. Major cultural touchstones include the Aran festival and the iconic Galo bridge architecture.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Adi
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Tani, Western)
| Meaning | Adi | Hakha Chin | Ladakhi | Lepcha | Tangkhul Naga | Mizo | Sikkimese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ihi /ihi/ | ti /ti/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ᰣᰫᰵ /ʔuŋ/ | ze /ze/ | tui /tui/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ |
| Fire | emi /emi/ | mei /mei/ | མེ /me/ | ᰕᰧ /mi/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | མེ /me/ |
| Sun | donyi /doɲi/ | ni /ni/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ᰠᰗᰪᰭ /sətsɯk/ | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | ni /ni/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ |
| Moon | polo /polo/ | thla /tʰla/ | ཟླ་བ /lzawa/ | ᰜᰦᰟᰨ /lavo/ | lai /lai/ | thla /tʰla/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ |
| Star | takar /takar/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ | སྐར་མ /skarma/ | ᰠᰝᰩᰲ /səhɔr/ | sira /siraː/ | arsi /arsi/ | སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ |
| Night | yoman /jomaŋ/ | zan /zan/ | མཚན /tsʰen/ | ᰍᰱ /nap/ | ngayashong /ŋajaʃoŋ/ | zan /zan/ | ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/ |
| Rain | pedong /pedoŋ/ | ruah /rua/ | ཆར་པ /tʃʰarpa/ | ᰠᰨ /so/ | zingrot /ziŋrot/ | ruah /ruaʔ/ | ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/ |
| Snow | tapam /tapam/ | hawhra /hawhra/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | ᰠᰦᰍᰩᰰ /sanɔn/ | horam /horam/ | vur /vur/ | ཁ་བོ /kʰau/ |
| Wind | asar /asar/ | thli /tʰli/ | རླུང /l̥uŋ/ | — | masi /masi/ | thli /tʰli/ | རླུང /luŋ/ |
| Earth | among /amoŋ/ | vawlei /vawlei/ | ས /sa/ | ᰑᰦᰳ /fat/ | ngalei /ŋalei/ | lei /ˈlei̯/ | ས /sa/ |
| Mother | ane /ane/ | nu /nu/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ᰣᰦᰕᰫ /ʔamu/ | ina /ina/ | nu /nu/ | ཨམ /am/ |
| Father | abu /abu/ | pa /pa/ | ཨ་བ /aba/ | ᰣᰦᰓᰨ /ʔabo/ | apa /apa/ | pa /pa/ | ཨ་པོ /apo/ |
| Daughter | ome /ome/ | fanu /fanu/ | བུ་མོ /bomo/ | ᰊᰣᰤᰪᰀᰪᰱ /təʔjɯkɯp/ | nawngalawu /nawŋalawu/ | fanu /fanu/ | བུམ /bum/ |
| I | ngo /ŋo/ | kei /kei/ | ང /ŋa/ | ᰃᰨ /go/ | i /i/ | kei /kei/ | ང་ /ŋa/ |
| You | no /no/ | nang /naŋ/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeːraŋ/ | ᰝᰩ /hɔ/ | na /na/ | nang /naŋ/ | ཆོད /tɕʰøʔ/ |
| We | ngolu /ŋolu/ | kanmah /kanmaʔ/ | ང་ཞ /ŋaʒa/ | ᰀᰦᰚᰫ /kaju/ | ithum /itʰum/ | keini /keini/ | ང་ཅག་ /ŋatɕaʔ/ |
| Name | amin /amin/ | min /min/ | མིང /miŋ/ | ᰣᰦᰓᰥᰤᰦᰵ /ʔabrjaŋ/ | amin /amin/ | hming /hmiŋ/ | མིང་ /miŋ/ |
| Person | tani /tani/ | mi /mi/ | མི /mi/ | ᰕᰛᰩ /mərɔ/ | — | mi /mi/ | མི /mi/ |
| Head | dumpo /dumpo/ | lu /lu/ | མགོ /ɡo/ | ᰣᰦᰋᰤᰦᰭ /ʔatʰjak/ | kui /kui/ | lu /lu/ | མགོ /ɡo/ |
| Eye | amik /amik/ | mit /mit/ | མིག /mik/ | ᰣᰦᰕᰧᰭᰶ /ʔamik/ | mi /mi/ | mit /mit/ | མིག /mik/ |
| Ear | nyarung /ɲaruŋ/ | hna /hna/ | ནམ་ཅོག /namtɕok/ | ᰉᰫᰲ /ɲur/ | khana /kʰana/ | beng /beŋ/ | — |
| Mouth | nappa /nappa/ | kaa /kaː/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | — | khamor /kʰamor/ | kâ /ka/ | ཁ /kʰa/ |
| Tooth | yipung /jipuŋ/ | ha /ha/ | སོ /so/ | ᰣᰑᰨ /afo/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | སོ /so/ |
| Tongue | ayo /ajo/ | lei /lei/ | ལྕེ /ltʃe/ | ᰣᰜᰧ /ali/ | male /male/ | lei /lei/ | ལྕེ /tɕe/ |
| Hand | ali /ali/ | kut /kut/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | ᰣᰦᰀᰶ /ʔakə/ | pang /paŋ/ | kut /kut/ | ལག་ཀོ /lako/ |
| Foot | ale /ale/ | ke /ke/ | རྐང་པ /skaŋpa/ | ᰣᰦᰋᰩᰵ /ʔatʰɔŋ/ | phei /pʰei/ | ke /ke/ | རྐངམ /kaːm/ |
| Heart | gangki /ɡaŋki/ | lung /luŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | ᰣᰦᰜᰪᰳ /ʔalɯt/ | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | thinlung /tʰinluŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ |
| Bone | along /aloŋ/ | ruh /ruh/ | རུས་པ /ruspa/ | ᰣᰛᰳ /ʔarat/ | ara /ara/ | ruh /ruh/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ |
| Blood | ui /ui/ | thi /tʰî/ | ཁྲག /kʰraq/ | ᰟᰧ /vi/ | ashi /aʃi/ | thisen /tʰiseːn/ | ཁྱག /kʰjaʔ/ |
| Love | kanom /kanom/ | daw /daw/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | ᰣᰦᰆᰬ /ʔace/ | cha /tʃa/ | hmangaih /hmaŋai/ | དགའ /ɡa/ |
| Tree | esing /esiŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | ཤིང /ʃiŋ/ | ᰀᰫᰵ /kuŋ/ | leiyik /leijik/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ |
| Dog | eki /eki/ | ui /ui/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ᰀᰈᰫ /kəʒu/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ |
| Cat | mero /mero/ | minu /minu/ | བྱི་ལ /pila/ | ᰣᰦᰜᰤᰫ /ʔalju/ | mibu /mibu/ | zawhte /zɔʔte/ | ཞི་མི /ʑimi/ |
| Fish | ngo /ŋo/ | nga /ŋà/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | ᰋᰨ /ŋo/ | khai /kʰai/ | sangha /saŋha/ | ཉ /ɲa/ |
| Bird | pettang /pettaŋ/ | vate /vaʔteʔ/ | བྱ /bja/ | ᰑᰨ /fo/ | vanao /vanao/ | sava /sava/ | བྱ /bja/ |
| Bear | situm /situm/ | vom /vom/ | དྲེན་མོ /drenmo/ | — | singom /siŋom/ | savawm /savɔm/ | — |
| House | oekum /oekum/ | inn /in/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | ᰜᰧᰶ /li/ | shim /ʃim/ | in /in/ | ཁྱིམ /kʰim/ |
| Milk | anyun /aɲun/ | hnuk /hnuk/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | — | seina /seinə/ | hnute tui /hnute tui/ | འོ་མ /oma/ |
| Salt | alo /alo/ | ci /tsi/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | ᰟᰩᰮ /vom/ | machi /matʃi/ | chi /tʃi/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ |
| Wine | onggur alang /oŋɡur alaŋ/ | misur hang /misur haŋ/ | རྒུན་ཆང /rɡuntɕʰaŋ/ | — | drakhara /drakʰaːra/ | uain /uain/ | — |
| Book | kitab /kitab/ | cauk /tsauk/ | ཀི་དེབ /kideb/ | ᰇᰨ /cʰo/ | lairik /lairik/ | lehkhabu /leʔkʰabu/ | དེབ /dep/ |
| Eat | dod /dod/ | ei /ei/ | ཟ /za/ | ᰙᰨ /dzo/ | ngui /ŋui/ | ei /ei/ | ཟ /sa/ |
| Drink | tunam /tunam/ | din /din/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | ᰋᰩᰵ /tʰɔŋ/ | rai /rai/ | in /in/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ |
| One | ako /ako/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | ᰀᰦᰳ /kat/ | kha /kʰa/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | གཅིག /tɕiʔ/ |
| Two | anyi /aɲi/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | གཉིས /ɲis/ | ᰉᰬᰳ /ɲet/ | khani /kʰani/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | གཉིས་ /ɲiː/ |
| Three | aum /aum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | གསུམ /sum/ | ᰠᰦᰮ /səm/ | kathum /katʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | གསུམ /sum/ |
| Four | api /api/ | pali /pali/ | བཞི /ʒi/ | ᰑᰜᰧ /fali/ | mati /məti/ | pali /pali/ | བཞི /ʒi/ |
| Five | ango /aŋo/ | panga /paŋa/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | ᰑᰅᰫ /fəŋu/ | phanga /pʰəŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ |
| Hello | nasi sukna /nasi sukna/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ | ཇུ་ལེ /dʑule/ | ᰂᰦᰮᰛᰧᰶ /kʰamri/ | hayau /hajau/ | chibai /tʃibai/ | ཁམས་བཟང /kʰamsaŋ/ |
| Thank you | nasi /nasi/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | ᰀ᰷ᰥᰩᰭᰇᰧᰶ /ʈɔkcʰi/ | ase /ase/ | ka lawm e /ka lɔːm e/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕe/ |
| Good | atom /atom/ | ṭha /ʈʰa/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | ᰣᰦᰛᰤᰫᰮ /ʔarjum/ | kahei /kahei/ | ṭha /tɾʰa/ | ལེགམ /lɛm/ |
| Red | lelen /lelen/ | sen /sen/ | དམར་པོ /marpo/ | ᰠᰦᰵ /saŋ/ | kahunga /kahuŋa/ | sen /sen/ | དམར་པོ /maːpu/ |
| White | yalun /jalun/ | raang /raːŋ/ | དཀར་པོ /kar po/ | ᰣᰦᰌᰫᰮ /ʔadum/ | kachar /katʃar/ | vâr /var/ | དཀར་པོ /kaːpu/ |
| Black | yora /jora/ | dum /dum/ | ནག་པོ /nakpo/ | — | kachik /katʃik/ | dum /dum/ | — |
| Green | yaying /jajiŋ/ | hring /hriŋ/ | སྔོན་པོ /ŋonpo/ | — | khamateka /kʰamateka/ | hring /hriŋ/ | ལྗང་ཀུ /dʑaŋku/ |
| Blue | yasanna /jasanna/ | — | སྔོན་པོ /ŋonpo/ | — | khamaying /kʰamajiŋ/ | dumpâwl /dumpɔl/ | — |
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