Karo Bari
Bari
Nilo-Saharan
Bari (Karo Bari, "the Bari speech") is an Eastern Nilotic language of the Bari cluster, spoken across the South Sudan-Uganda border region. The Bari people are pastoral cattle-herders of the Equatorial Nile region, with their cultural homeland centered on Juba, the South Sudan capital. The Bari cluster (Bari, Mandari, Kakwa, Pojulu, Kuku) shows mutual intelligibility but distinct ethnopolitical identities. Linguistically, Bari shares Eastern Nilotic features with Maasai (mas) and Samburu (saq): tonal (high/low/mid), focus markers, masculine/feminine gender, and SVO constituent order. Italian Comboni missionaries developed the standard orthography in the 19th century; Bari has a substantial Bible translation tradition.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Bari
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Nilo-Saharan
| Meaning | Bari | Ateso | Samburu | Maasai | Acholi | Kalenjin | Luo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | piong /piɔŋ/ | akipi /akipi/ | nkare /ŋkare/ | ɛŋare /ɛŋare/ | pii /piː/ | beek /beːk/ | pi /pi/ |
| Fire | kima /kima/ | akim /akim/ | nkima /ŋkima/ | ɛnkima /ɛŋkima/ | mac /matʃ/ | maat /maːt/ | mach /matʃ/ |
| Sun | kolong /koloŋ/ | akolong /akoloŋ/ | lakwa /lakʷa/ | enkolong /eŋkoloŋ/ | ceng /tʃɛŋ/ | asis /asis/ | chiengʼ /tʃiɛŋ/ |
| Moon | yapa /japa/ | elap /elap/ | lapa /lapa/ | olapa /olapa/ | dwe /dwe/ | arawa /arawa/ | dwe /dwe/ |
| Star | kaserokoti /kaserokoti/ | akanyeret /akaɲeret/ | lakira /lakira/ | olakira /olakira/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | kokeel /kokeːl/ | sulwe /sulwɛ/ |
| Night | tukwaje /tukʷaje/ | akware /akʷare/ | kewarie /kɛwarie/ | kewarie /kɛwarie/ | dyewor /dʲɛwor/ | kemeut /kemeut/ | otieno /otiɛno/ |
| Rain | kudu /kudu/ | akiru /akiru/ | nchan /ntʃan/ | ɛnchan /ɛntʃan/ | kot /kot/ | robta /robta/ | koth /kɔθ/ |
| Snow | luru lo lilik /luru lo lilik/ | — | — | empaso /empaso/ | — | teluchi /telutʃi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ |
| Wind | köbuŋöt /kɔbuŋɔt/ | ekwam /ekʷam/ | siwuo /siwuo/ | olkutati /olkʊtati/ | yamo /jamo/ | usoonet /usoːnet/ | yamo /jamo/ |
| Earth | kak /kak/ | alup /alup/ | nkop /ŋkop/ | enkop /eŋkop/ | ngom /ŋɔm/ | ng'ung'unyek /ŋuŋuɲek/ | lowo /loːwo/ |
| Stone | ŋurupit /ŋurupit/ | amoru /amoru/ | soit /soit/ | osoit /oˈsoit/ | kidi /kidi/ | koita /koita/ | kidi /ˈkidi/ |
| Mountain | mere /mere/ | emoru /emoru/ | ldonyuo /ldoɲuo/ | oldoinyo /oldoiɲo/ | got /ɡot/ | tulwet /tulwet/ | got /ɡɔt/ |
| Sea | tör na balang /tɔr na balaŋ/ | angolol /aŋolol/ | mpaso /mpaso/ | enaiposha /enaipoʃa/ | nam /nam/ | nyanjet /ɲandʒet/ | nam /nam/ |
| Mother | ŋote /ŋote/ | toto /toto/ | yieyo /jiejo/ | yieyio /jiejio/ | mego /meɡo/ | kamet /kamet/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | baba /baba/ | kwanda /kwanda/ | baba /baba/ |
| Daughter | ŋuro nakwan /ŋuro nakʷan/ | akoku /akoku/ | ntito /ntito/ | entito /entito/ | nya /ɲa/ | chepto /tʃepto/ | nyar /ɲar/ |
| I | nan /nan/ | eong /eoŋ/ | nanu /nanu/ | nanʉ /nanʊ/ | an /an/ | anee /aneː/ | an /an/ |
| You | do /do/ | ijo /iɟo/ | iye /ije/ | iyie /ijie/ | in /in/ | inyee /iɲeː/ | in /in/ |
| We | yi /ji/ | siong /sioŋ/ | iyioo /ijioː/ | iyiook /ijioːk/ | wan /wan/ | acheek /atʃeːk/ | wan /wan/ |
| Name | karin /karin/ | ekiror /ekiror/ | nkarna /ŋkarna/ | enkarna /eŋkarna/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | kaina /kaina/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ |
| Person | ŋutu /ŋutu/ | etunganan /etuŋanan/ | ltungani /ltuŋani/ | oltungani /oltuŋani/ | dano /dano/ | chiito /tʃiːto/ | dhano /ðano/ |
| Head | kwe /kʷe/ | akou /akou/ | nkue /ŋkue/ | ɛlukunya /ɛlʊkʊɲa/ | wic /witʃ/ | metit /metit/ | wich /witʃ/ |
| Eye | kongi /koŋɡi/ | akongu /akoŋu/ | nkoŋu /ŋkoŋu/ | ɛŋɔŋu /ɛŋɔŋu/ | wang /waŋ/ | konda /konda/ | wangʼ /waŋ/ |
| Ear | swot /swot/ | akit /akit/ | nkiook /ŋkiˈoːk/ | enkiook /ɛnkiˈoːk/ | it /it/ | itit /itit/ | it /it/ |
| Nose | kume /kume/ | ekume /ekume/ | nkume /ŋkume/ | enkume /ɛnˈkume/ | um /um/ | serut /serut/ | um /um/ |
| Mouth | kutuk /kutuk/ | akituk /akituk/ | nkutuk /ŋkutuk/ | enkutuk /ɛŋkʊtʊk/ | dog /doɡ/ | kutit /kutit/ | dhok /ðok/ |
| Tooth | kele /kele/ | ekialai /ekialai/ | lalai /lalai/ | olalai /olalai/ | lak /lak/ | kelet /kelet/ | lak /lak/ |
| Tongue | ŋadap /ŋadap/ | angajep /aŋaɟep/ | lngejep /lŋɛɟɛp/ | olngejep /ɔlŋɛɟɛp/ | leb /lɛb/ | ngelyepta /ŋeljepta/ | lep /lɛp/ |
| Hand | könin /kɔnin/ | akan /akan/ | nkaina /ŋkaina/ | ɛŋaina /ɛŋaina/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | eut /eut/ | lwedo /lwɛdo/ |
| Foot | moköt /mokɔt/ | akeju /akeɟu/ | nkeju /ŋkedʒu/ | enkeju /ɛnkɛdʒʊ/ | tyen /tʲɛn/ | keldo /keldo/ | tielo /tiɛlo/ |
| Heart | töili /tɔili/ | etau /etau/ | ltau /ltau/ | oltau /oltau/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | muguleldo /muɡuleldo/ | chuny /tʃuɲ/ |
| Bone | kuyutio /kujutio/ | akoyit /akojit/ | loito /loito/ | oloito /oloito/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | kowet /kowet/ | chogo /tʃoɡo/ |
| Blood | rima /rima/ | awokot /awokot/ | lodo /loɗo/ | osarge /osarɡe/ | remo /rɛmo/ | korotik /korotik/ | remo /rɛmo/ |
| Poop | kin /kin/ | acin /atʃin/ | nkik /ŋkik/ | inkik /iŋkik/ | cet /tʃɛt/ | ng'atatek /ŋatatek/ | chieth /tʃiɛθ/ |
| Love | nyar /ɲar/ | akimina /akimina/ | eitalu /eitalu/ | eitalu /eitalu/ | mar /mar/ | chamyet /tʃamjet/ | hera /hera/ |
| Tree | ködini /kɔdini/ | ekitoi /ekitoi/ | lchani /ltʃani/ | olchani /oltʃani/ | yat /jat/ | keetit /keːtit/ | yath /jaθ/ |
| Dog | ’dioŋ /ɗioŋ/ | ekingok /ekiŋok/ | ldia /ldia/ | oldia /oldia/ | gwok /ɡʷok/ | ses /ses/ | guok /ɡuok/ |
| Cat | lupa /lupa/ | ekapa /ekapa/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | ngabu /ŋabu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | sumuti /sumuti/ | ekoleit /ekoleit/ | singirr /siŋɡirː/ | osingirri /osiŋɡirːi/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | njiryot /ndʒirjot/ | rech /rɛtʃ/ |
| Bird | kwenti /kʷenti/ | akweny /akʷeɲ/ | nkueenyi /ŋkuɛːɲi/ | motonyi /moˈtoɲi/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | taritiet /taritiet/ | winyo /wiɲo/ |
| Egg | katulukuti /katulukuti/ | abeet /abeet/ | mboliboli /mboliboli/ | olmosori /olmosori/ | tong /toŋ/ | mayaiyat /majaijat/ | tongʼ /toŋ/ |
| Horse | kusan /kusan/ | ebalasit /ebalasit/ | mbarta /mbarta/ | ɛmbarta /ɛmbarta/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | mbartanyit /mbartaɲit/ | faras /faras/ |
| House | kadi /kadi/ | etogo /etoɡo/ | nkang /ŋkaŋ/ | engʼaji /ɛŋadʒi/ | ot /ot/ | gaa /ɡaː/ | ot /ot/ |
| Milk | le /le/ | akile /akile/ | kule /kule/ | kule /kule/ | cak /tʃak/ | chego /tʃeɡo/ | chak /tʃak/ |
| Honey | siwatat /siwatat/ | asik /asik/ | naicho ee lotoro /naitʃo eː lotoro/ | enaisho /enaiʃo/ | kic /kitʃ/ | kumyat /kumjat/ | mor kich /mor kitʃ/ |
| Salt | alang /alaŋ/ | abalang /abalaŋ/ | nkisiicho /ŋkisiːtʃo/ | ɛmunyan /ɛmuɲan/ | kado /kado/ | munyek /muɲek/ | chumbi /tʃumbi/ |
| Wine | binyo /biɲo/ | ebino /ebino/ | naichuo e lmusabibu /naitʃuo e lmusabibu/ | enaisho oo sabibu /enaiʃo oː sabibu/ | bwino /bwino/ | divai /divai/ | divai /divai/ |
| Iron | witi /witi/ | asowat /asowat/ | senkei /seŋkei/ | olchuma /ɔltʃʊma/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | karnet /karnet/ | nyinyo /ˈɲiɲo/ |
| Wheel | — /—/ | ekokoro /ekokoro/ | — | enkeju /ɛnkɛdʒʊ/ | lawala /lawala/ | tireet /tireːt/ | nyange /ɲaŋe/ |
| Silk | kaririat /kaririat/ | aliri /aliri/ | — | — | aridi /aridi/ | aririt /aririt/ | las /las/ |
| Book | buk /buk/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | mbuku /mbuku/ | embuku /embuku/ | buk /buk/ | bukuit /bukuit/ | buk /buk/ |
| Eat | nyo /ɲo/ | akinyam /akiɲam/ | anya /aɲa/ | anya /aɲa/ | cam /tʃam/ | am /am/ | chiemo /tʃiemo/ |
| Drink | mwoi /mwoi/ | akimat /akimat/ | oŋg /oŋɡ/ | oŋg /oŋɡ/ | mat /mat/ | ee /eː/ | madho /maðo/ |
| Sleep | doto /doto/ | ajo /aɟo/ | airura /airura/ | airura /airʊra/ | nino /nino/ | ru /ru/ | nindo /nindo/ |
| One | geleŋ /ɡeleŋ/ | ediopet /ediopet/ | obo /obo/ | obo /obo/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | agenge /aɡeŋe/ | achiel /atʃiɛl/ |
| Two | murek /murek/ | iarei /iarei/ | aare /aːre/ | aare /aːre/ | aryo /arjo/ | aeng /aeŋ/ | ariyo /arijo/ |
| Three | musala /mʊsala/ | iuni /iuni/ | uni /uni/ | uni /uni/ | adek /adek/ | somok /somok/ | adek /adek/ |
| Four | ŋwan /ŋwan/ | iwongon /iwoŋon/ | ongwan /oŋwan/ | ongwan /oŋwan/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angwan /aŋwan/ | angʼwen /aŋwɛn/ |
| Five | mukanat /mʊkanat/ | ikany /ikaɲ/ | imiet /imiet/ | imiet /imiɛt/ | abic /abitʃ/ | muut /muːt/ | abich /abitʃ/ |
| Hundred | mia /mia/ | akwatat /akʷatat/ | ip /ip/ | ip /iːp/ | miya /mija/ | bogol /boɡol/ | mia /mia/ |
| Hello | gwon /ɡwon/ | yoga /joɡa/ | sopa /sopa/ | sopa /sopa/ | itye nining /itʲɛ niniŋ/ | chamege /tʃameɡe/ | misawa /misawa/ |
| Thank you | tinate /tinate/ | eyalama /ejalama/ | ashe /aʃe/ | ashe /aʃe/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | kongoi /koŋoi/ | erokamano /erokamano/ |
| Good | ’but /ɓut/ | ejok /eɟok/ | supat /supat/ | sidai /sidai/ | ber /ber/ | karaaran /karaːran/ | maber /maber/ |
| New | ludukotyo /ludukotjo/ | lokitetet /lokitetet/ | ŋejuk /ŋedʒuk/ | ŋejuk /ŋedʒuk/ | manyen /maɲɛn/ | leel /leːl/ | manyien /maɲien/ |
| Red | lotor /lotor/ | lokarengan /lokareŋan/ | nanyokie /naɲokie/ | nanyokie /naɲokie/ | makwar /makwar/ | birirben /birirben/ | makwar /makwar/ |
| White | lokwe /lokwe/ | akwang /akʷaŋ/ | naibor /naiˈbor/ | naibor /naibor/ | tar /tar/ | leel /leːl/ | rachar /ratʃar/ |
| Black | lurwö /lurwɔ/ | lokirionon /lokirionon/ | narok /narok/ | narok /narok/ | macol /matʃol/ | tuui /tuːi/ | ratengʼ /ratɛŋ/ |
| Green | loŋem /loŋem/ | — | nanyori /naɲori/ | nanyori /naɲori/ | atworo /atworo/ | nyalil /ɲalil/ | — |
| Blue | lomurye /lomurje/ | lobululu /lobululu/ | kapatei /kapatei/ | pus /pus/ | mabulu /mabulu/ | arus /arus/ | rambulu /rambulu/ |
| Ninety-nine | merya buŋwan wot buŋwan /mɛrja bʊŋwan wɔt bʊŋwan/ | akaisakany kaungon ka ikanykawongon /akaisakaɲ kauŋon ka ikaɲkawoŋon/ | ntomoni saal o saal /ntomoni saːl o saːl/ | ntomoni naaudo o naaudo /ntomoni naːudo o naːudo/ | pyere abongwen wiye abongwen /pjere aboŋwɛn wije aboŋwɛn/ | tamanwogik sogol ak sogol /tamanwoɡik soɡol ak soɡol/ | piero ochiko gochiko /piero otʃiko ɡotʃiko/ |
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