Kimashami
Machame
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Chaga)
Machame (Kimashami) is the largest of the Chaga Bantu languages of Mount Kilimanjaro's southern slopes in northern Tanzania. The Chaga people are famous as one of the most economically successful indigenous groups in East Africa, having developed a sophisticated agroforestry "homegarden" (kihamba) system on the rich volcanic soils of Kilimanjaro. Tonal with elaborate noun-class system; Machame and the closely related Vunjo, Rombo, and Kibosho dialects form a continuum spanning the Kilimanjaro escarpment.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Machame
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Chaga)
| Meaning | Machame | Rwa | Asu | Nyamwezi | Shambala | Sukuma | Nyaturu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mura /muɾa/ | mura /muɾa/ | mende /mende/ | minzi /minzi/ | mazi /mazi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Fire | muro /muɾo/ | muro /muɾo/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Sun | mwi /mwi/ | saa /saː/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | ilyuva /iʎuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ |
| Moon | mwiiri /mwiːɾi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ |
| Star | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | nyenyeezi /ɲeˈɲeːzi/ | njota /ndʒota/ |
| Night | kio /kio/ | kio /kio/ | usiku /usiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | kilo /kilo/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | utiku /utiku/ |
| Rain | mbuo /mbuo/ | fua /fua/ | mvua /mvua/ | mvula /mvula/ | fula /fula/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbura /mbura/ |
| Snow | kyaamwi /kjaːmwi/ | mboṛongo /mboɾoŋɡo/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | — | seluji /seludʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ |
| Wind | uraato /uɾaːto/ | mburaato /mbuɾaːto/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ |
| Earth | uteri /uteɾi/ | uteri /uteɾi/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | malongo /maloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ |
| Stone | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ |
| Mountain | ifumbu /ifumbu/ | uro /uɾo/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | muima /muima/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ |
| Sea | yeeve /jeːve/ | nruva /nɾuva/ | bahari /bahari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahali /bahali/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ |
| Daughter | mwana wa kyika /mwana wa kjika/ | mwana wa kika /mwana wa kika/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | nshike /nʃike/ | muncha /muntʃa/ |
| I | yeny /jeɲ/ | inyi /iɲi/ | mine /mine/ | nene /ˈnene/ | niye /nije/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ |
| You | yewe /jewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | weye /weje/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| We | yese /jese/ | ise /ise/ | uswi /uswi/ | iswe /iswe/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | yise /jise/ | sese /sese/ |
| Name | irina /irina/ | irina /irina/ | izina /izina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | zina /zina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ |
| Person | nndu /ndu/ | nndu /ndu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ |
| Head | nrwe /nɾwe/ | nrwe /nɾwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | itwe /itwe/ |
| Eye | iriso /iɾiso/ | iriso /iɾiso/ | iiso /iːso/ | liso /liso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ |
| Ear | kuri /kuɾi/ | kuri /kuɾi/ | isikio /isikio/ | itwi /itwi/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ |
| Nose | mmboo /mːboː/ | — | fua /fua/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpua /mpua/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ |
| Mouth | kana /kana/ | kana /kana/ | momo /momo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | nomo /nomo/ | momo /momo/ |
| Tooth | iyoo /ijoː/ | iyoo /ijoː/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | zino /zino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ |
| Tongue | ulumi /ulumi/ | ulumi /ulumi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ |
| Hand | woko /woko/ | uko /uko/ | mkono /mkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkhono /ŋkono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ |
| Foot | urende /uɾende/ | urende /uɾende/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ |
| Heart | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | moyo /mojo/ | ngholo /ŋɡoːlo/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Bone | ifua /ifua/ | ifua /ifua/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | vuha /vuha/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ |
| Blood | samu /samu/ | usao /usao/ | sakame /sakame/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | phome /pʰome/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | sakami /sakami/ |
| Poop | maafi /maːfi/ | — | — | maafi /maːfi/ | mavi /mavi/ | maashi /maːʃi/ | — |
| Love | ìkwenda /ikwenda/ | lumbo /lumbo/ | lumba /lumba/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| Tree | nri /nɾi/ | nri /nɾi/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | nti /nti/ | umuti /umuti/ |
| Dog | ikite /ikite/ | mboha /mboha/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ | mva /mva/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ | kalulu /kalulu/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | kunga /kuŋɡa/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /soːmba/ | samaki /samaki/ | nshi /nʃi/ | somba /somba/ |
| Bird | ndeye /ndeje/ | ndee /ndeː/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | noni /noni/ | deghe /deɣe/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ |
| Egg | ipore /ipoɾe/ | ngosho /ŋɡoʃo/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ |
| Horse | frasi /fɾasi/ | farasi /faɾasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | falasa /falasa/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ |
| House | mmba /mːba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milk | malela /malela/ | maruva /maɾuva/ | mavee /maveː/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | mele /mele/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | maya /maja/ |
| Honey | ukyi /ukji/ | uki /uki/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | buuki /buːki/ | woki /woki/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ |
| Salt | shumbi /ʃumbi/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | — | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Wine | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | divai /divai/ |
| Iron | minya /miɲa/ | minya /miɲa/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | kiama /kiama/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ |
| Wheel | kireto /kiɾeto/ | — | — | — | — | idandali /idandali/ | — |
| Book | kyitabu /kjitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ |
| Eat | ìlya /iʎa/ | kuria /kuria/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ |
| Drink | ìnyo /iɲo/ | kunyua /kuɲua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Sleep | ìlala /ilala/ | — | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kulala /kulala/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ |
| One | ìmwí /imwi/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ |
| Two | fiwii /fiwiː/ | fivili /fivili/ | avili /aβili/ | ibili /iβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | ibhili /iˈβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ |
| Three | fihahu /fihahu/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ | adatu /adatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | katatu /katatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | itatu /itatu/ |
| Four | fiina /fiina/ | fiini /fiːni/ | — | inne /inːe/ | kane /kaːne/ | ine /ine/ | inne /inːe/ |
| Five | fihanu /fihanu/ | firaanu /fiɾaːnu/ | — | itaano /itaːno/ | kashano /kaʃano/ | itano /itano/ | itano /itano/ |
| Hundred | iyana /ijana/ | iyana /ijana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | gana /ɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ |
| Hello | máshàlòmà /maʃaloma/ | kira /kiɾa/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | — /—/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ |
| Thank you | ahsànte /ahsante/ | asante /asante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /asante/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | asante /aˈsante/ |
| Good | ìchá /itʃa/ | kya /kja/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | soga /soɡa/ | mtana /mtana/ | shihi /ʃihi/ | kihi /kihi/ |
| New | shiiya /ʃiːja/ | shiiya /ʃiːja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Red | idodorye /idodoɾje/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | laluku /laluku/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | ntune /ntune/ |
| White | shaa /ʃaː/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | pe /pe/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | ape /ape/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ |
| Black | shuu /ʃuː/ | shuu /ʃuː/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | pi /pi/ | size /size/ | api /api/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ |
| Ninety-nine | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ |
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